DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Korean Medicine Treatment in Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome: A Retrospective Case Series of 15 Patients

한방병원에 내원한 급성기 이후 코로나-19 환자 15명에 대한 임상적 특징 및 치료 분석 : 사례군 연구

  • Park, Jiwon (Division of Allergy, Immune & Respiratory System, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Hong, Sung-eun (Division of Allergy, Immune & Respiratory System, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Shin, Jeong-Won (Division of Allergy, Immune & Respiratory System, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kim, Kwan-Il (Division of Allergy, Immune & Respiratory System, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Lee, Beom-Joon (Division of Allergy, Immune & Respiratory System, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Jung, Hee-Jae (Division of Allergy, Immune & Respiratory System, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University)
  • 박지원 (경희대학교 대학원 임상한의학과 폐계내과학교실) ;
  • 홍성은 (경희대학교 대학원 임상한의학과 폐계내과학교실) ;
  • 신정원 (경희대학교 대학원 임상한의학과 폐계내과학교실) ;
  • 김관일 (경희대학교 대학원 임상한의학과 폐계내과학교실) ;
  • 이범준 (경희대학교 대학원 임상한의학과 폐계내과학교실) ;
  • 정희재 (경희대학교 대학원 임상한의학과 폐계내과학교실)
  • Received : 2022.05.31
  • Accepted : 2022.06.29
  • Published : 2022.06.29

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the clinical features of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and the efficacy and safety of Korean medicine treatment. Methods: This study was conducted on 15 patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome who visited the outpatient Allergy, Immune, and Respiratory System Department at Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital from January 10, 2021 to April 10, 2022. We retrospectively analyzed the charts of 15 patients and collected clinical characteristics, Korean medicine treatments, outcome variables (Numeral Rating Scale (NRS), modified Medical Research Council scale (mMRC), Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ), Quality of Life Visual Analog Scale (QOL-VAS), The Post-COVID-19 Functional Status (PCFS)), adverse events, etc. Results: Of the 15 patients, seven (46.7%) were men, and the average age of all patients was 49.7±13 years. The most common symptom was cough (n=9, 60%), and it was followed by dyspnea or increased respiratory effort, fatigue, insomnia, anosmia, etc. The herbal medicine was prescribed for all 15 patients, and Saengmaek-san (n=8, 53.5%) was the most prescribed. Additionally, acupuncture and cupping were performed in four patients (26.7%) each, and electroacupuncture was applied to one patient (6.7%). As a result of Korean medicine treatment, NRS, mMRC, LCQ, QOL-VAS, and PCFS showed improvement, and adverse events were mild. Conclusions: This study presented the clinical features of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and suggested that Korean medicine treatment may be effective in alleviating related symptoms and enhancing quality of life.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 2022년도 한의기반융합기술개발사업의 지원을 받아 수행된 다빈도 난치성 천식 협진 치료 연구(No. HI20C1205)의 지원을 받아 수행된 과제입니다.

References

  1. Yuki K, Fujiogi M, Koutsogiannaki S. COVID-19 pathophysiology: A review. Clinical immunology 2020;215:108427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2020.108427
  2. Hartley DM, Perencevich EN. Public health interventions for COVID-19: emerging evidence and implications for an evolving public health crisis. Jama 2020;323(19):1908-9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.5910
  3. Willi S, Luthold R, Hunt A, Hanggi NV, Sejdiu D, Scaff C, et al. COVID-19 sequelae in adults aged less than 50 years: A systematic review. Travel Med Infect Dis 2021;40:101995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.101995
  4. Central Disease Control Headquarters, Central Disaster Management Headquarters. The COVID-19 At-home Treatment Guideline (ver. 7). Korea: Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency; 2022.
  5. World Health Organization. Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Swiss: World Health Organization; 2020.
  6. Nalbandian A, Sehgal K, Gupta A, Madhavan MV, McGroder C, Stevens JS, et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Nature medicine 2021;27(4):601-15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01283-z
  7. Huang C, Huang L, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Gu X, et al. 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study. The Lancet 2021;397(10270):220-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32656-8
  8. Gupta A, Madhavan MV, Sehgal K, Nair N, Mahajan S, Sehrawat TS, et al. Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. Nature medicine 2020;26(7):1017-32. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0968-3
  9. Logue JK, Franko NM, McCulloch DJ, McDonald D, Magedson A, Wolf CR, et al. Sequelae in adults at 6 months after COVID-19 infection. JAMA network open 2021;4(2):e210830. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0830
  10. Al-Aly Z, Xie Y, Bowe B. High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Nature 2021;594(7862):259-64. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03553-9
  11. Greenhalgh T, Knight M, Buxton M, Husain L. Management of post-acute covid-19 in primary care. bmj 2020;370:m3026. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3026
  12. Ryu HS, Oh HK, Lee JY, Yoon SW. An Overview on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment Guidelines for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine 2015;36(3):335-47.
  13. Yin CS, Ko SG. Introduction to the history and current status of evidence-based Korean medicine: a unique integrated system of allopathic and holistic medicine. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014;2014:740515. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/740515
  14. Tao W, Luo X, Cui B, Liang D, Wang C, Duan Y, et al. Practice of traditional Chinese medicine for psycho-behavioral intervention improves quality of life in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2015;6(37):39725-39. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.5388
  15. Jang SB, Kim DS, Yi EH, Choi GH, Son MD, Lee EK, et al. Telemedicine and the Use of Korean Medicine for Patients With COVID-19 in South Korea: Observational Study. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 2021;7(1):e20236. https://doi.org/10.2196/20236
  16. Lee KE, Jeong SH, Jeong MJ, Choi YM, Song MD, Jang IS. Review on Herbal Medicine Treatment for Late Complications of COVID-19 Patients. The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine 2021;42(1):53-66. https://doi.org/10.22246/jikm.2021.42.1.53
  17. Klok FA, Boon GJ, Barco S, Endres M, Geelhoed JM, Knauss S, et al. The Post-COVID-19 Functional Status scale: a tool to measure functional status over time after COVID-19. European Respiratory Journal 2020;56(1):2001494. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01494-2020
  18. Shah W, Hillman T, Playford ED, Hishmeh L. Managing the long term effects of covid-19: summary of NICE, SIGN, and RCGP rapid guideline. bmj 2021;372:n136.
  19. Datta SD, Talwar A, Lee JT. A proposed framework and timeline of the spectrum of disease due to SARS-CoV-2 infection: illness beyond acute infection and public health implications. Jama 2020;324(22):2251-2. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.22717
  20. Su Y, Yuan D, Chen DG, Ng RH, Wang K, Choi J, et al. Multiple early factors anticipate post-acute COVID-19 sequelae. Cell 2022;185(5):881-95.e20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.014
  21. Sudre CH, Murray B, Varsavsky T, Graham MS, Penfold RS, Bowyer RC, et al. Attributes and predictors of long COVID. Nature medicine 2021;27(4):626-31. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01292-y
  22. Tenforde MW, Kim SS, Lindsell CJ, Rose EB, Shapiro NI, Files DC, et al. Symptom duration and risk factors for delayed return to usual health among outpatients with COVID-19 in a multistate health care systems network-United States, March-June 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2020;69(30):993. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6930e1
  23. Li L, Gou CY, Li XM, Song WY, Wang XJ, Li HY, et al. Effects of chinese medicine on symptoms, syndrome evolution, and lung inflammation absorption in COVID-19 convalescent patients during 84-day follow-up after hospital discharge: a prospective cohort and nested case-control study. Chinese journal of integrative medicine 2021;27(4):245-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-021-3328-3
  24. 李東垣. 東垣十書. Seoul: Daesung Munhwa-sa; 1983.
  25. 張介賓. 景岳全書. Seoul: HANMI Medical Publishing Co.; 2006.
  26. Ji K, Ma J, Wang L, Li N, Dong S, Shi L. Efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a meta-analysis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020;2020:1-11.
  27. Li F, Lv YN, Tan YS, Shen K, Zhai KF, Chen HL, et al. An integrated pathway interaction network for the combination of four effective compounds from ShengMai preparations in the treatment of cardio-cerebral ischemic diseases. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2015;36(11):1337-48. https://doi.org/10.1038/aps.2015.70
  28. Tian Y, Li R, Ren H, Li D, Ju A, He Y, et al. Feasibility of Shengmai Powder in convalescent patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. Drug Evaluation Research 2020;43(3):378-83.
  29. Liu WH, Guo SN, Fang W, Yang H. Understanding of guidance for acupuncture and moxibustion interventions on COVID-19 issued by CAAM. World journal of acupuncture-moxibustion 2020;30(1):1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wjam.2020.03.005
  30. Luo X, Ni X, Lin J, Zhang Y, Wu L, Huang D, et al. The add-on effect of Chinese herbal medicine on COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytomedicine 2021;85:153282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153282