• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.371-382
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• 2009

In this study, I examined the psychological visual effect and clothes preference by clothes designs for the mid-aged Korean and American women's somatotypes. The psychological visual effects of each somatotypes' clothes are like these. First, the primary factors for psychological visual effect were analyzed into 5, neat, feminine, polished, modern and active. Second, in thin somatotype, Korean evaluated that china collar and V-neckline are the least feminine, and stand collar is the most polished and the modernest. American evaluated that V-neckline is the most feminine, and tailored collar is the modernest. It shows that there's the difference of culture. In standard somatotype, Korean thought stand collar with pants is the neatest, but tailored collar and china collar with pants are not neat. Contrary, they thought tailored collar with skirt is the neatest and stand collar with skirt is not neat. American thought tailored collar with skirt is the neatest and modernest. The neat visual effects are evaluated differently according to the clothes' styles of bottom. In obesity, Korean evaluated that tailored collar with skirt is the neatest and modernest, but stand collar with skirt is not modern. Stand collar with pants is the modernest, but tailored collar with pants is the least modern and active. American evaluated that round neckline with pants is not neat, modern and active, and round neckline with skirt is the modernest and the most active. So neckline's visual effects are differently showed by culture and the clothes' styles of bottom.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.119-128
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of applying occupational therapy that uses motion recognition on the physical self-efficacy, visual-motor integration ability, and play skills of children who have neurodevelopmental disorder before and after treatment. Methods : This The study chose 16 children with neurodevelopmental disorder as research subjects who were randomly and evenly allocated into an experimental group and a control group. The experiment followed a pretest-posttest design. As an intervention, the experimental group received motion recognition-based occupational therapy and a separate sensory integration program. The control group only participated in the separate sensory integration program. The eight-week experiment duration included 24 intervention sessions where the a 50-minute session was implemented three times a week for eight weeks. To compare the physical self-efficacy, visual-motor integration ability, and play skills before and after the intervention, measurement tools including the Physical self efficacy, Beery VMI-6, and Penn interactive peer play scale were used. All measured variables were analyzed and expressed as mean, standard deviation and percentage. Results : The motion recognition-based occupational therapy demonstrated a significant effect on improving the physical self-efficacy, visual-motor integration ability, and play skills of the experimental group. The intervention also caused a significant difference between the experimental group and control group in terms of the physical self-efficacy, visual-motor integration ability, and play skills. Conclusion : We confirmed the possibility motion recognition-based occupational therapy could be effective in improving the physical self-efficacy, visual-motor integration ability, and play skills for patients who have neurodevelopmental disorder. Based on the study result, further future studies are expected based on this study result that prove the application effect of the motion recognition-based occupational therapy using disabled and non- disabled children as subjects are expected in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.106-109
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• 1999

This thesis is to measure visual mass sense in the language of visual expressing architecture designs. Also, this analyzes materials which effect visual design composition theory, forms, and those that act as important factors of architecture style history. Second chapter considers visual mass, then analyzes concepts of sense of visual mass and the way they are expressed in architecture. Third chapter investigates materials that are composition factors of architecture design and classifies materials that express sense of visual mass. Fourth chapter various projects are analyzed as examples. Also analyze and arrange materials which express sense of visual mass. This thesis studies materials expressing sense of visual mass and proposes possibility to approach theoretically the materials that participate in creativity of architecture design.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.40-50
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of visual feedback on the postural control of stroke patients, by systematically varying conditions of visual feedback [eye-open condition (EO) vs. eye-closed condition (EC)], and base-support (both-side support, affected-side support, and unaffected-side support). In this study, we allocated 41 stroke patients with no damage in the cerebellum and visual cortex who can walk at least 10 meters independently, and 35 normal adults who have no experience of stroke to the control group. Both groups were asked to perform a "sit-to-stand" task three to five times, and their postural control ability was measured and compared in terms of asymmetric dependence (AD) instead of the traditional symmetric index (SI) in the literature. The results showed that although both subject groups maintained better postural control in the EO condition than in the EC condition, the patient group appeared to be more stable in EC than in EO when they were required to perform the task of the support condition given on the affected side. These results implied that visual feedback can impair stroke patients' postural control when it is combined with a specific support condition.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.91-101
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop semantic differential scales which are necessary to evaluate visual image and effect of flare skirt. As a result of the first survey of 362 female college students, the most effective factors for shape of flare skirt are silhouette, volume of flare, and skirt length. Based on this result, we made flare skirt simulation for visual evaluation with using I-Designer program. 4 kinds of volume of flare($90^{\circ},\;180^{\circ},\;270^{\circ},\;360^{\circ}$) and 3 kinds of skirt length(48cm, 58cm, 68cm) are combined as variables for flare skirt of visual evaluation. For the second survey of 362 female college students, we asked to write suggested adjectives freely. As a result, we could draw out 210 adjectives. 'Feminine' was most frequently used word for flare skirt, and then, 'vivid', 'rhythmic', 'cute', 'soft', 'fat', and 'comfortable' in this order. With considering frequently used words in the preceding study, we selected 41 adjectives. Antonyms were selected from the resulted frequency of this study and preceding study, and the rest of words were found from dictionary. From these process, we developed semantic differential scales for visual image and effect of flare skirt.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.433-439
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• 2018

Purpose: Visual information is one of the most important factors for postural balance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of visual deprivation on the lower extremities and trunk muscle activity on an unstable surface during quiet standing. Methods: Fifteen healthy males from a university population participated in this study. Surface electromyography of the rectus abdominis, the erector spinalis, the vastus femoris oblique, the semitendinosis, the tibialis anterior, and the medial gastrocnemius was measured using EMG equipment (Telemyo 2400, Noraxon, USA). The participants were asked to maintain postural balance on an unstable surface (Balance pad, Airex, USA) for 30 seconds with eyes open and with eyes closed during quiet standing. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the muscle activity of the lower extremities and the trunk between open and closed eyes on an unstable surface. Results: The muscle activity of the trunk and the lower extremities was increased more with eyes closed than with eyes open on the unstable surface during quiet standing. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that visual information could alter lower extremity and trunk muscle activity. Therefore, visual deprivation can be used as a method to improve postural balance.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.5 s.52
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• pp.35-43
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• 2005

This study aims to explore the relationship between the spontaneous interactions of office workers and their workspace layout. The spontaneous interactions are captured by the measures regarding the 'visual interaction' between workers in their desk layouts. The measures of visual interaction then are examined by means of the office layout or desk arrangement and the properties of work patterns according to the departments, such as general affairs, sales, research and development, and planning. The study finds four types of office layout ; Type 1 with low visual interaction between workers and high intensity of visual interaction, Type 2 with high visual interaction between workers and high intensity of visual interaction, Type 3 with low visual interaction between workers and low intensity of visual interaction, and Type 4 with high visual interaction between workers and high intensity of visual interaction. The study shows that the patterns of unintentional interaction between workers varies according to the property of work and office arrangement and it also argues that the patterns of office layout are different according to properties of work.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.57-68
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to develop a creative perspective technique in fashion illustration through analyzing perspective in visual art experienced a great variety. This study was analyzed by examining the general theories based on the discovery of perspective and investigating the modern perspective in fashion illustration related to the method of spatial expression in visual art. A complex perspective of existing perspective gives the effect of reapperance of actual space and three-dimentional form in a plane. Because of being used as not only one perspective technique but also some perspectives technique, its expression can be more realistic. An amplified perspective gives the effect of visual illusion just like being suck in space inside and come out from screen outside by distorting the human body. A confused perspective of space gives the visual illusional effect of collapsing actual space and misunderstanding three-dimensional form by distorting the form of the space and changing the nature as an object of fashion. A reiterated or duplicated perspective gives effect of interpreting invisible space as imaginary space by overlapping and eliminating the object of fashion. An irrational perspective of spatial illusion gives the effect of disorganization experienced thinking by strange shapes and new recognition of irrational space by extraordinary visual connection. It has a tendency to surrealism. In conclusion, the modern perspective in fashion illustration has made the best use of not only new perspective since 1980, but general perspective before 1980. By the modern perspective expression. the viewer has made a chance to experience imaginary spaces indirectly, and the author has been able to express emotions by his or her new attempt in the screen.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.21-34
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• 2021

Purpose: As the visual expression cue that can easily reveal and imprint the brand image to consumers becomes more important, franchise coffee shops are making various efforts to establish design elements and brand identity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the structural model between design elements, brand identity, brand association, brand personality, and brand image of franchise coffee shops from various angles, and to suggest a plan for using visual elements makes a brand image on the franchise in the future. Research design, data, and methodology: This study tests the structural relationship between design elements, brand identity, brand association, brand personality, and brand image of franchise coffee shops. design elements are divided into three attributes (interior design, product design). And brand identity is divided into two attributes (brand name, brand symbol/logo). In order to achieve the purposes of this research, research model and hypotheses were developed based on previous researches. All constructs were measured with multiple items developed and tested in the previous studies. The data were collected from 380 customers who visited franchise coffee shops and were analyzed through SPSS 26.0 and SmartPLS 3.0 statistical package program. Result: As a result of this study, first, it is confirmed that product design has a positive effect on brand association toward coffee shops. Second, interior design and product design have a positive effect on brand personality. Third, all brand identity have a significant positive impact on brand association and brand personality. Finally, brand association and brand personality of coffee specialty shops have a positive effect on brand image. Conclusions: The following implications of this study are as follows. This study is confirmed that there is an effect of design elements attributes and brand identity attributes on brand association and brand personality. And, the brand image was found to be influenced by brand association and brand personality. This suggests that it can be used to establish visible marketing strategies for franchise coffee shops. Therefore, it is necessary to further improve efforts to raise the level of the brand image through visual factors such as unusual interior design, product packages.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.173-184
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• 1998

This study deals with the visual quality in the future urban landscape and architectural environment, and as such, aims to identify a scientific and objective aesthetic and visual quality from the perspective of empirical aesthetics. The empirical aesthetics provides a framework that can be utilized in understanding human perception, consciousness, and behavior and a way to categorize the visual quality and to explain and predict its effect. The study examines various theories on environmental perception, cognition, and some new approaches to environmental aesthetics, and tries to present aesthetic properties that can be applied to environmental design. First, the aesthetic experience in visual perception can be defined as a combined effect of psychobiological properties and human activity, i.e. an interaction between the formal and symbolic signs in environment and the conceptual framework of man. The effect of visual quality differs and varies a great deal, depending on the sociocultural, personal and collective value system, so it is hard to define it in absolute terms. Second, the impact of visual quality and its aesthetic effect has to do with pleasure, preference, the aptitude for survival, and self regulation. Third, aesthetics is one of the areas that can benefit a great deal from an interdisciplinary approach. and an empirical study such as this can be used as a basis for design, planning, and evaluation.