• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.39-59
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• 2018

To elucidate the effect of working memory (WM) load on negative facial emotion processing, we examined ERP components (P1 and N170) elicited by fearful and neutral expressions each of which was presented during 0-back (low-WM load) or 2-back (high-WM load) tasks. During N-back tasks, visual objects were presented one by one as targets and each of facial expressions was presented as a passively observed stimulus during intervals between targets. Behavioral results showed more accurate and fast responses at low-WM load condition compared to high-WM load condition. Analysis of mean amplitudes of P1 on the occipital region showed significant WM load effect (high-WM load > low-WM load) but showed nonsignificant facial emotion effect. Analysis of mean amplitudes of N170 on the posterior occipito-temporal region showed significant overall facial emotion effect (fearful > neutral), but, in detail, significant facial emotion effect was observed only at low-WM load condition on the left hemisphere, but was observed at high-WM load condition as well as low-WM load condition on the right hemisphere. To summarize, facial emotion effect observed by N170 amplitudes was modulated by WM load only on the left hemisphere. These results show that early emotional processing of negative facial expression could be eliminated or reduced by high load of WM on the left hemisphere, but could not be eliminated by high load on the right hemisphere, and suggest right hemispheric lateralization of negative facial emotion processing.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.2097-2104
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• 2013

Scientific and technological research data is increasing exponentially and, Kisti(Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information) built and supported GSDC(Global Science experimental Data hub Center) depending on the needs processing large data computing and storage devices. Mobile web standards-based the MUPS was built for global community and services of gsdc to spreading mobile devices rapidly. And for analyze Operational status and system resources of GSDC at n this paper researched and implemented system resource monitor method of gsdc to mobile web environment, in this paper researched and implemented system resource monitor method of gsdc to mobile web environment. Research support system of GSDC operated by scientific linux. Sysstat resource monitoring tools create a daily report through sar(system analysis report), after sadc(system activity data collector) collected system resource utilization information. In this paper, sar reports designed and implemented in mobile web to can visualize in a mobile environment. We do not depend specific OS by implementation of the mobile web. So we are available in variety mobile OS. And through provided visual graph, this system can monitor easily and more conveniently then the existing system.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.16 no.4 s.63
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• pp.281-287
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• 2006

Intake of groundwater by tunneling in a mountainous area mostly results from groundwater flow through fractured parts of total rock mass. For reasonable analysis of this phenomenon the representative joint groups 1, 2, and 3 have been selected by previous investigations, geological/geophysical field tests and boring works. Three dimensional fractures were generated by the FracMan and MAFIC which is a three dimensional finite element model has been used to analyse a groundwater flow through fractured media. Monte Carlo simulation was applied to reduce the uncertainty of this study. The numerical results showed that the average and deviation of amounts of groundwater intaked into tunnel per unit length were $5.40{\times}10^{-1}$ and $3.04{\times}10^{-1}m^3/min/km$. It is concluded that tunnel would be stable on impact of groundwater environment by tunneling because of the lower value than $2.00{\sim}3.00m^3/min/km$ as previous and present standard on the application of tunnel construction.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.462-479
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• 2017

This study classified the visualization's materials presented in two types of middle school science textbooks to data visualization and infographics, thereafter characteristics of infographics according to science content's domains were analyzed using an analytical framework for infopraphics. The results of this study are as follows : First, visualization materials in middle school science textbooks had more data visualization (23.2%) than infographics (76.8%). Second, there were many differences in information content's category among the science subject's domains. The relationship type of information content in the domain of energy and matter, the function type in life domain, and the location type in the earth domain were prominent. In visual representation's category, the illustration type and comparative analysis type were the most dominant in the all science domains. The horizontal type in layout category occupied the largest proportion in all science domains. Therefore, it is necessary to present the visualization materials with the infographics conveying many informations than the data visualization in middle school science textbooks. And the infographics need to be developed and distributed in various formats in each science domain.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 2018

Objective : This study was to verify the effects of occupation-based training with errorless learning and spaced retrieval on task learning and satisfaction of elderly with mild vascular dementia. Methods : The subjects of this study were 3 geriatric individuals with mild vascular dementia, ABA' + follow-up design was used. Intervention period was provided occupation-based training with errorless learning and spaced retrieval. The dependent variable was converted to ability of task performance every session and satisfaction before and after intervention. Result analysis was suggested through visual analysis and bar graph. Results : After the occupation-based training with errorless learning and spaced retrieval, Ability of task performance and satisfaction improved for all subjects. Conclusions : From this study, occupation-based training with errorless learning and spaced retrieval training was found to be an effective mediation for improving independence of task and satisfaction for people with mild dementia. This study could provide evidence for clinical application for occupation-based training.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.63-77
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of task-oriented training with functional electrical stimulation on hand function in incomplete cervical cord injury. Method : The subjects of the study were 3 adults diagnosed as incomplete cervical cord injury. The design of this study was ABA single-subject research design to compare dominant hand function of before and after intervention and detect individual effects. The experiment consisted of 30sessions, in which baseline process A1 and A2 were implemented 5 sessions each for 10sessions. Intervention B was implemented 20 sessions. The dependent variable was converted to the change of hand function every session, and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test(JTHFT), Wolf Motor Function Test(WMFT) were selected for outcome measurements. Result analysis was suggested through visual analysis using a graph and comparison of pre, post and follow-up intervention measurements. Results : As a result, the quality and quantity of dominant hand function increased during intervention B compared to the baseline A1 for all subjects. Baseline A2 was also maintained without training. Additionally, JTHFT, WMFT and COPM scores demonstrated improvement and maintain. The follow up JTHFT and WMFT showed increased required time on all subjects and decrease or maintain task performance and satisfaction in COPM. Conclusion : The task-oriented training with function electrical stimulation in this study has been positive effects on hand function and task performance and satisfaction.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.77-85
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• 2001

In order to sustain competitive advantage through strategic product differentiation in global market, this research aims to establishment of strategic design conditions for domestic manufacturing firms through the means of product image alignment and positioning, using visual character of product as the foundation for establishing corporate image. Case studies on how globally successful multinational companies manage design strategy and corporate culture uniformly for coherent product image management are reviewed. To establish product image alignment methodology for manufacturing firms, the criteria for product image positioning and aligned product image development process are developed in three stages. First, in image positioning stage, it is important to set the direction for corporate image and design strategy by identifying consumer needs through market trends analysis and forecasting as well as comparative positioning of the analysis results of the firms's own corporate image and that of the competitor's. Second, in awareness building stage, before building the product image alignment, firm-wide shared awareness of differentiated corporate and product image, establishment of designer's role as the consolidated manager of product image, sharing form language, and building the infrastructure for defining form information should be preceded. Third, in managing the aligned product image stage, the condition for setting up image information management guideline, management of decision making process for arriving at logical decisions on product form, development of guideline for increasing efficiency and its evaluation system, and co-development of related design should be induced. Further research on the product image alignment with corporate image should be conducted through various empirical studies on image and form, building an information system of related design language, and continuous assessment and management of applied solutions.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.20-33
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to afford basic data for planning a program to strategically prevent adolescent sexual violence by clarifying the concept of sexual violence in adolescence and investigating factors influencing the adolescent attitudes towards sexual violence. Subjects of the study were 288 adolescents between the ages of 14 to 21, living in K city in Chungnam Province. The data was collected for this study between May 30 and June 13, 2001. For this study, the following materials were used as instruments: the types of attitudes toward sexual violence developed by Nam, S. Y.(2000), the antisocial personality by Min, B. K., Choi, S. J., & Lee, G. H.(1978), the self-esteem developed by Rosenberg(1965) and interpreted by Jeon, B. J.(1974), the family support developed by Cobb(1976), the stereotyped sex role and the attitude on sexuality by Kim, E. J.(1997). The data was analyzed, using SPSS 7.5 for Windows Program, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and discriminant analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Adolescents of the first type, ones blaming social morals, amounted to 34.7%(100 subjects), the second type, ones blaming the victims, amounted to 22.3%(64 subjects), the third type, ones claiming reform of consciousness, amounted to 25.3%(73 subjects), and the fourth type, ones coping actively, amounted to 17.7%(51 subjects). 2. Attitudes toward sexual violence were influenced a great deal by the sex of the subject. 3. The study revealed that various types of the attitudes toward sexual violence was significantly different from one another, related to antisocial personality(F=2.80, P=.04). Especially the first type and the third type were most different from each other. The latter showed the antisocial personality strongly, compared with the former. 4. Discriminant analysis revealed that the most powerful predictors of attitudes toward sexual violence were the sex of the subject and whether or not they had an antisocial personality. 5. The degree of possibility of identifying a risk group of adolescents was 45.9% and the possibility of identifying a non-risk group was 73.3%. The hit ratio was 67.8%. In conclusion, the results of the study lead us to understand the type of adolescent attitudes toward sexual violence. The results will be useful to furnish a guideline for nursing intervention and education programs to prevent sexual violence in adolescence.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.2
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• pp.49-74
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• 2004

It has been frequently pointed out that the established art history with the stylistic and iconographic interpretations and monographic analysis is fallen behind the currency of modern art. Among those who claimed the crisis in the discipline of art history, there is a suggestion that the art historical study should be fostered by other factors in the fields of the humanities. The so called New Art History or 'visual Culture Studies' insists that art history has to be restructured to integrate the broader study of culture and society, and by now, such an opinion is not a novelty at all. One of the most significant yet overlooked elements that induced the new currency of art history is properties of contemporary art that conflict the traditional claim of art historians. Although the idea that art is not purely aesthetic but that it has many other functions has been brought up by the art historians, it was the artists that provoked such a perception. When Arthur C. Danto and Hans Belting proclaimed the End of Art and Art History in the 1980s, the concept of art has been changed radically through the avant-garde tendency of Modernism and a new pluralism of Postmodernism. One dominant concern that strikes art historians is to find a new approach to art, since the traditional method and goal of analysis for past art and past art history seem unavailable. The perplexity arising from the situation is intensified in the field of teaching art, especially for those who teach art history in art school. Basically art history is a pursuit of learning of art in history, and its purpose is to reconcile the present with the past and the future as well. Since Modernism, as it is confusing sometimes because it implies the present state, somehow art became considered 'tradition-less'. It does not mean that a work of art stands aloof from the past attainments, hut modern art imposed itself on a task seeking after the new for its own sake, turning its back on the tradition. And now in the era of Postmodernism, an historians face the requirement to revaluate the whole history of art including modernism. The necessity of art history in art education is indisputable, but methods and contents in the academic courses should he reexamined now. Because artists' concept of history and past art has been altered, and art history as a humanistic discipline can only maintain its identity through incorporation with art itself. Academics teaching art history, or, strictly speaking, past works of art and history, to the student in art school, confront with the need to rethink the object of art history and its meaning to the artists.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.83-92
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• 2013

Text visualization begins with understanding text itself which is material of visual expression. To visualize any text data, sufficient understanding about characteristics of the text first and the expressive approaches can be decided depending on the derived unique characteristics of the text. In this research we aimed to establish theoretical foundation about the approaches for text visualization by diverse examples of text visualization which are derived through the various characteristics of the text. To do this, we chose the 'Bible' text which is well known globally and digital data of it can be accessed easily and thus diverse text visualization examples exist and analyzed the examples of the bible text visualization. We derived the unique characteristics of text-content, structure, quotation- as criteria for analyzing and supported validity of analysis by adopting at least 2-3 examples for each criterion. In the result, we can comprehend that the goals and expressive approaches are decided depending on the unique characteristics of the Bible text. We expect to build theoretical method for choosing the materials and approaches by analyzing more diverse examples with various point of views on the basis of this research.