• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.15-22
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to propose improvements for 3D garment simulation system by comparison with the difference between real garment and 3D garment simulation of women's jacket. The process of the study was to take pictures on the standard sized subject wearing the jacket of basic size, to get a avatar from body sizes of the subject, and to obtain images of 3D garment simulation on the avatar. The appearance evaluation was resulted by the method of a questionnaire survey after presenting the images to 24 members of patterner and 22 members of designer. On that appearance evaluation by designer group, perform comparative analysis of differences between the real garment and the 3D garment simulation of women's jacket. On that appearance evaluation by patterner group, perform comparative analysis of differences between the real garment and the 3D garment simulation of women's jacket. There were the differences on 4 areas: 1 questions of the side, 1 questions on the back, 7 questions on the sleeve, and 1 questions on the collar, and the results showed that the 3D garment simulation was preferable on each question.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

Purpose : We investigated the effects of microcurrent(MC) electrical stimulation on each intensity($100{\mu}A,\;200{\mu}A,\;500{\mu}A$ - 30pps frequency was same) on delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS). Methods : Subjects were assigned randomly divided into three groups of eight for three different treatment protocoals($100{\mu}A,\;200{\mu}A,\;500{\mu}A$-experimental groups). Twenty-four healthy males and females subjects were participated in this study. All subjects performed eccentric exercise of elbow flexor(biceps brachii) until exhausted. The measured items of elbow flexor muscle strength were Nicholas Manual Muscle Taster(NMMT). The measured items of elbow joint range of motion ROM) were Goniometer. The measured items of elbow flexor muscle pain were visual analogue scale(VAS). Treatment were applied at 30 minute exercise after and again at 24 hours and at 48 hours and at 72 hours after. Measurements were taken after treatment. Analysis of Results using repeated measures analysis of variance(ANOVA) and post hoc tests were as follows: two-way ANOVA with repeated measurement for muscle strength, flexion ROM, extension ROM and VAS. Results : This results showed eccentric exercise casused DOMS, DOMS response to eccentric exercise were reduces by microcurrent therapy. DOMS was significant decreased at $100{\mu}A,\;200{\mu}A,\;500{\mu}A$. Muscle strength was significant difference at all intensity. Elbow flexion ROM was significant difference at all intensity but elbow extension ROM was insignificant difference at all intensity. VAS score was significant difference at $100{\mu}A$ and $500{\mu}A$ but insignificant difference at $200{\mu}A$. All experimental groups showed insignificant difference with all intensity MENS. Conclusion : These findings indicate that microcurrent therapy is had effect on recovery from exercise induced muscle damage. In our's suggestion, microcurrent therapy is particularly more appropriate therapeutic modality.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 2020

This study was carried out in order to identify the error types of statistical graphs for statistical literacy education. We analyze the meaning of using graphs in statistical problem solving, and identify categories, frequencies, and contexts as the components of statistical graphs. Error types of representing categories and frequencies make statistics consumers see incorrect distributions of data by subjective point of view of statistics producers and visual illusion. Error types of providing contexts hinder the interpretation of statistical information by concealing or twisting the contexts of data. Moreover, the findings show that tasks provide standardized frame already for drawing graphs in order to avoid errors and pay attention to the process of drawing the graph rather than statistical literacy for analyzing data. We suggest some implications about statistical literacy education, ethical problems, and knowledge for teaching to be considered when teaching the statistical graph in elementary mathematics classes.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.221-228
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• 2015

Background: The The purpose of this study was to make a comparative analysis of the clinical outcomes after the operative treatment of refractory medial epicondylitis between the suture anchor group and the non-suture anchor group. Methods: We enrolled 20 patients (7 men and 13 women) with recalcitrant medial epicondylitis who were able to receive operative treatment in a minimum of an 18-month follow-up. The mean age was 48.6 years (range, 36-59 years). The patients were allocated into either the suture anchor group (7 patients) or the non-suture anchor group (13 patients). We evaluated clinical outcomes using the visual analog scale (VAS), the pain grading system of Nirschl and Pettrone, and postoperative grip strength. Results: The VAS score decreased from 8.8 to 2.0 for the suture anchor group and from 8.6 to 1.3 for the non-suture anchor group (p=0.16). The postoperative grip strength was 95%, 93% of the non-treated arm in both groups (p=0.32). The postoperative satisfaction level was good in 5 patients and fair in 2 for the suture anchor group and excellent in 5 patients, good, in 4, and fair, in 4 for the non-suture anchor group (p=0.43). The clinical outcomes did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: We found that patients with recalcitrant medial epicondylitis were treated reliably with satisfactory clinical outcomes whether or not suture anchors were used. We believe the use of suture anchors when more than 50% of the tendon origin is affected provides an effective and favorable treatment modality.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.237-241
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• 2015

Background: We investigated the effectiveness of pain management and the adverse events of intravenous (IV) patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) after orthopedic surgery. Methods: From September 2014 and August 2015, we performed a retrospective analysis of 77 patients who underwent orthopedic surgery of the shoulder or the elbow in our hospital. The composition of the intravenous PCA administered to the patients was as follows: 250 mg of dexketoprofen trametamol, 70 mg of oxycodone, and 0.6 mg of ramosetron, which were made up to 79 ml of normal saline. We evaluated and statistically analyzed the difference in the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for pain at immediate postoperation, at 24 hours of PCA, at 72 hours of PCA, and after discontinuation of PCA and in the incidence of adverse events. Results: We found that VAS score decreased for 3 postoperative days and that with discontinuation of IV PCA a meaningful change in VAS score was no longer seen. Of the 77 patients, 22 presented with adverse events (28.6%). We terminated IV PCA temporarily in the 21 patients who presented with adverse events; we terminated analgesia permanently in one patient (1.2%). Consequently, 76 of 77 patients carried out IV PCA till the designated period. Conclusions: Intravenous PCA after orthopedic surgery of the shoulder or the elbow may be accompanied with adverse events. Careful assessment of the patient and treatment of the adverse outcomes are key to a successful maintenance of PCA and to a successful management of postoperative pain.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.227-231
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• 2016

Deep sea water (DSW) is located 100 to 500 m below the sea surface. DSW is widely used in various fields, and is an important source of minerals that can be used to treat mineral deficiency. In the present study, the oral toxicity of DSW-mineral extracts was determined using single-dose and 14-day repeated dose oral toxicity tests in ICR mice. For the single-dose oral toxicity tests, mineral extracts of magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) at doses of 0, 6, 270, 810, and 1,350 mg/kg, respectively, were orally administered to mice once at the beginning of the experiment, and the mice were observed for 14 days. For the 14-day repeated dose oral toxicity tests, Mg and Ca mineral extracts at doses of 0, 3, 135, 405, 675 mg/kg, respectively, were orally administered to mice daily, and the mice were observed for 14 days. Various tests were performed including visual observation; analysis of relative organ weight, food intake, and organ weight; biochemical analysis, and histopathology. The results indicated that mortality and changes in appearance were not observed among differentially administered groups of male and female ICR mice during the experimental period. Differences in body weight gain, food intake, organ weight, and histopathology parameters were not significant between the control and mineral-administered groups. Some results of the biochemical analyses were significantly different, but showed no specific tendencies. Overall, no evidence of toxicity was observed from the oral administration of DSW extracts of Ca and Mg in ICR mice.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.903-916
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to discover practical health problems which hemodialysis clients experienced so as to present basic data for development of a health assessment tool. The research subjects were 70 clients receiving hemodialysis in Seoul and Inchon from Mar. 1996 to Sep. 1996. Data were collected by researcher's informal indepth interview and nurses' open ended question. Content analysis was applied to collect similar contents and common experiences in order to derivate concepts and categories for better understanding of hemodialysis clients' experiences. As a result, 9 categories derivated to identify the health problems of clients receiving hemodialysis were as follows : 1) They experienced 'the decreased digestive function' which contained the changed appetite, nausea, vomiting, constipation and diarrhea. 2) They experienced 'the decreased respiratory and circulatory function' which contained dyspnea, changed blood pressure, tingling sensation and the fear of aggrevated vascular condition. 3) They experienced 'the aggrevated oral condition' which contained dry mouth and destruction of teeth and their soft tissue. 4) They experienced 'the decreased sensory function' which contained visual disturbances, sensation difficulty, and hearing loss. 5) They experienced 'the aggrevated skin condition' which contained dark brown skin color, dry skin (and hyperpigmentatic freckle, seborrheric keratosis, scale), itching sense, and alopethia. 6) They experienced 'the decreased urinary reproductive function' which contained anuria or oliguria, dysmenorrhea, sterility and decreased libido. 7) They experienced 'the restricted activity' which contained decreased activity, muscle cramp and stiffness of joint. 8) They experienced 'the changed mental status' which contained memory disturbance, decreased cognition, disorientation, neurosis and psychosis. 9) They experienced 'the aggrevated general condition' which contained kyphosis, weight loss, fatigue, sleep disturbance, bleeding tendency, inflammation, generalized edema and foul oder of uremia.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.121-129
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• 2009

This research tries to interpret Montage der Assoziation shown in animations. Eisenstein's 'Montage' is "Montage der Assoziation" where a variety of Montage pieces are combined, symbolizing one aggregate image. Though influenced by Russian Formalist Film Theory and Kuleshov, Pudivkin and Rudolf Amheim, by contraries, he recognized Montage as an issue between an artist and the audience and an anti-representation apparatus. Especially, he developed the mind action issue previously advocated by Eikhenbaum and deemed the audience's role an essential part in completing a film. Montage expression implied in Eisenstein's theory can be regarded as attraction, collision, and dynamic and intellectual Montage. However, with an in-depth approach, Montage der Assoziation can be interpreted by repetitive, relative and juxtaposed analysis. The reason is that animation Montage is a visual action which takes place in a row among scenes and in the frame. This research addresses communications with the audience which are attained by Montage der Assoziation. In other words, this research makes an in-depth access to how Montage der Assoziation appears and communicates with the audience in an animation work.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.130-137
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• 2009

TV broadcast of election returns is an index to measure a public responsibility, scientific analysis and production power in each broadcasting station. This is the reason why each broadcasting station is spending a great amount of money, mobilizing many people and using facilities. TV election returns broadcast has been advanced for decades, particularly in its production, system and presentation. And, among those, broadcast graphic and inset graphic, which are representing election-related information, have became the important components in TV broadcast of election returns because of the advancement of production technology, a variety of presentation forms, and the visual effects. In this research, I analyze the part of image composition in inset graphic of TV election returns broadcast. As a result, in making insert graphic, each broadcasting station is analyzed to be producing the accurate and clear delivery of information on the stability and reliability of a visualized form, first and foremost. It requires that we research the methodology for the accurate and reliable delivery of information, as well as various image productions with a result of the progress in production technology.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.6
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• pp.203-225
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• 2004

We are sure that Abakanowicz positively assumes a position of members, which are represented the later modern fabric design. In sprite of his pervasive evaluation, we have doubt about his achievement because the preceding research is insufficient about argumentsuch as dependence on intuitive emotion study, conventional analysis of structure and insufficient inquiry of causa efficiens. We agree that basic structure of is dissipation. Though right and left symmetrical structure is similar, also that structure is different. We can't decide whether structure is unification structure, difference structure or mixture structure . We think that the time of confusing argument of his structure is changing period for disorganization trend. The result of this study confirm the research possibility about space organization with restructure analysis and verification for examining essence structure of sample text . The Thesis are concern that the different between paradigmatic appearances and syntagmatic, which exist . So, we can approach the meaning of system and find dominent point about constructional relationship on the works. The meaning of dominent point is understood about sexless trend or Androgyne, which are appeared Abakanowicz forth work period. The relationship structure which is mixed both issue show that inner issue of work is located the highest position. The paper presents confusing manufacture system, which are suggested man-woman sex and mixed meaning. The other result of this study are, 1. being known as Abakan algorism, Abakanowicz has new drafting idiom from his ancient belief. 2. we need to research the body texture of Abakanowicz with the trend of restructure of body study. 3. we need argue about gender study in relative with poster moderntheology related problem of sexlessness people and perfect sex-people.