• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.111-115
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• 2014

Analysis of scars in various conditions is essential, but no consensus had been reached on the scar assessment scale to select for a given condition. We reviewed papers to determine the scar assessment scale selected depending on the scar condition and treatment method. We searched PubMed for articles published since 2000 with the contents of the scar evaluation using a scar assessment scale with a Journal Citation Report impact factor >0.5. Among them, 96 articles that conducted a scar evaluation using a scar assessment scale were reviewed and analyzed. The scar assessment scales were identified and organized by various criteria. Among the types of scar assessment scales, the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) was found to be the most frequently used scale. As for the assessment of newly developed operative scars, the POSAS was most used. Meanwhile, for categories depending on the treatment methods for preexisting scars, the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) was used in 6 studies following a laser treatment, the POSAS was used in 7 studies following surgical treatment, and the POSAS was used in 7 studies following a conservative treatment. Within the 12 categories of scar status, the VSS showed the highest frequency in 6 categories and the POSAS showed the highest frequency in the other 6 categories. According to our reviews, the POSAS and VSS are the most frequently used scar assessment scales. In the future, an optimal, universal scar scoring system is needed in order to better evaluate and treat pathologic scarring.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.108-116
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• 2014

This study is based on the arguments of Sofia Sarah and concept of 'Sequence Narrative' of Nigel Coates, the founder of Nato. Specifically, this study was conducted under the premise that narrative exhibition space will affect the engagement of viewers. As a result of this study, a method of analyzing a science museum's exhibition space was presented using the narrative structure and the following attributes of visuals: sequence of viewing; spatial tension; spatial pace. The findings are as follows. In terms of 'spatial tension', the exhibiton space with the following progression was more likely to provide viewers with in-depth experience: 'raise of tension' - 'change of pace' - detente.' Although the limited sample doesn't lead to verification of the analysis method and conclusion of its significance, the following was clearly revealed: Exhibiton space that utilizes the structure and attributes of a narrative that provides progression and dramatic tension, as if the viewers were watching a film, is more likely to offer in-depth experience than other spaces. In terms of 'phase transition', the following was revealed: Pace variation around the space with the strongest spatial tension could affect the concentration and engagement of viewers. It suggests the following fact: Spatial rhythm and speed variation in the area with the strongest visual emphasis encourage viewers to feel the spatial changes, maintain their concentration, and continue their viewing.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2012

Fifty three fungi isolated from soils of different microhabitats of eastern Himalayan range (3,400-3,600 msl) were screened for mycosynthesis of silver nanaoparticles (AgNPs) and their efficacy as antimicrobials were assessed in combination with commonly used antibiotics. Three isolates $Aspergillus$ $terreus$ SP5, $Paecilomyces$ $lilacinus$ SF1 and $Fusarium$ sp. MP5 identified based on morphological and 18S rRNA gene sequences were found to synthesize AgNPs. These nanoparticles were characterized by visual observation followed by UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis. The AgNPs synthesized by $Aspergillus$ $terreus$ SP5, $Paecilomyces$ $lilacinus$ SF1 and $Fusarium$ sp. MP5 showed absorbance maxima at 412, 419, and 421 nm respectively in the visible region. Transmission electron microscopy micrograph showed formation of spherical AgNPs of 5-50 nm size. The antimicrobial activity of the mycosynthesized nanoparticles were investigated alone and in combination with commonly used antibiotics for analysis of growth inhibition zone against test organisms, namely, $Staphylococcus$ $aureus$ MTCC96, $Streptococcus$ $pyogenes$ MTCC1925, $Salmonella$ $enterica$ MTCC735 and $Enterococcus$ $faecalis$ MTCC2729. The mycosynthesized nanoparticles showed potent antibacterial activity and interestingly their syngergistic effect with erythromycin, methicillin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin was significantly higher as compared to inhibitions by AgNPs alone. The present study indicates that silver nanoparticles synthesized using soil borne indigenous fungus of high altitudes show considerable antimicrobial activity, deserving further investigation for potential applications.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.33
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• pp.531-549
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• 2013

Action games exhibit all the specific constellation of masochism, such as disavowal, suspense, waiting, fetishism, and fantasy. These characteristics of action games can be analyzed with respect to masochism. This study conducted an analysis excluding sadism as much as possible, as sadism is a result of etiological misconception as opposed to masochism. However, comparative analysis is included in the study so that action games are not seen as demonstrating sadism. Games create a space for virtual interaction for main agents by connecting gamer-existence and game-character in the framework of a contract. The interaction of visual tactility within this space creates a system of difference in pleasure. Masochism enables one to attain pleasure in a world created himself or herself using fetishism in contractual relationships such as the ones exhibited in games. This shows that action games and masochism are mutually related. This paper analyzed the ontology of action games using actual examples of action games. The paper concluded that action games lead to the fulfillment of masochistic pleasure.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper aim to figure in contemporary human documentary as a cultural aspect of daily life in the era of 1920s in Korea. The significant of documentary exams the record and social-oriented representation methods of important essay of works. The result of an analysis of Norbert Weber's with historical figure of modern Korea society given the appearance of a human observer ever put out a human form of the documentary format in accordance with the configuration of visual narrative and the structure of the recipient to implement the symbolic value of belief. And, the result of the technical expression of the various frame works with the configuration of the reality of importance of human values and describe the experiences of being analyzed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.785-791
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• 2013

This study, in the perspective of universal design, newly suggests UD-WCAG 2013 for the evaluation of job information sites used by the silver generation. Using this, 13 senior clubs run by social welfare corporations chosen by the central and local government for the silver generation job information provision organizations to analyze the compliance status of web accessibility. The web compliance status analysis was done through a self-assessment tool from Korea Agency for Digital Opportunity and Promotion and UD-WCAG 2013. Although both analyses showed that there weren't differences according to region, the general level of compliance was shown as low. In the UD-WCAG 2013's 7 major categories the part about errors was shown providing appropriate solutions, but in the other parts it was shown that the all 13 websites were being run with insufficient consideration of the social and physical characteristics of the silver generation.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Purpose. To analysis the prevalence of the myopia and corneal astigmatism in Korea women university students. Methods. From August 2011 to December 2012, one hundreds subjects were performed in refraction test using the Auto-Keratometry. Results. The mean age of the 100 subjects (200 eyes) was $21.23{\pm}2.34$. The mean spherical refractive power was -$1.78{\pm}1.65$(OD) and -$1.83{\pm}1.67$(OS) Diopter. The mean astigmatism power was $1.22{\pm}0.96$ (OD) and $1.27{\pm}0.91$ (OS). The mean corneal astigmatism was $1.44{\pm}0.81$(OD) and $1.55{\pm}0.93$(OS). Corneal astigmatism was between 0.25 D and 1.25 D in 67.7% of eyes, 1.25 D or higher in 27.5% eyes, and less than 0.25 D in 4.8% of eyes. Astigmatism was with the rule in 65%, against the rule in 31.5%, and oblique in 3.5%. There was a statistical significance between right eye and left eye in the spherical equivalent power(p=0.002). Also there was a statistical significance between spherical power and refractive astigmatism in OD(p=0.006) and OS(0.003) and a statistical significance between corneal astigmatism and refractive astigmatism in OS(p=0.0003). However, there was not a statistical significance between spherical power and corneal astigmatism in OD(p=0.08) and OS(0.1) and a statistical significance between corneal astigmatism and refractive astigmatism in OS(p=0.48). Conclusions. In this study, these results suggested that the analysis of the refractive myopia and corneal astigmatism can provide the visual correct and useful diagnosis information for the eyewear dispensing, contact lens fitting and corneal refraction surgery.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.499-509
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• 2008

Foxo1 plays an important role in the integration of hormone-activated signaling pathways with the complex transcriptional cascade that promotes preadipocyte differentiation of clonal cell lines from rodents. We isolated the full-length cDNA of porcine FoxO1 gene using RACE, confirmed by visual Northern blotting. The deduced amino acids indicated 94% and 90% identities with the corresponding human and mice aa. Analysis of the aa sequence, showed that it included a Forkhead domain (aa 167-247), a transmembrane structure domain (aa 90-113), a LXXLL motif (aa 469-473), and 51 Ser, 8 Thr, and 4 Tyr phosphorylation sites, indicating a potential important role for FoxO1 transcriptional activity in vivo. Using the IMpRH panel, we mapped FoxO1 gene to chromosome 11p13. Our data provide basic molecular information useful for the further investigation on the function of FoxO1 gene. Time-course analysis of FoxO1 expressions indicated that levels of mRNA and protein gradually increased from day 0 to 3, and it reached almost maximal level at day 3, then decreased from day 5 to 7 in porcine primary preadipocyte differentiation. After induction by IGF-1, GPDH activity and accumulation of lipid increased, however, expressions of FoxO1 mRNA and protein were inhibited in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that FoxO1 takes part in porcine preadipocyte differentiation and expressions of FoxO1 were regulated by IGF-1.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.439-448
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine validity and reliability of Webel and colleagues'HIV Self-Management Scale when used with a Korean sample. Methods: The original 20-item HIV Self-Management Scale was translated into Korean using translation and back-translation. Nine HIV nurse experts tested content validity. Principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of data from 203 patients was used to test construct validity. Concurrent validity was evaluated using correlation with patients'self-rating as a "mart patient"measured using a visual analogue scale. Internal consistency was tested by Cronbach' alpha coefficients. Results: All items were rated as having satisfactory content validity. Based on PCA and consideration of conceptual meaning, a three-factor solution was selected, explaining 48.76% of the variance. CFA demonstrated the adequacy of the three-domain structure of the construct HIV self-management: daily self-management health practices, social support and HIV self-management, and chronic nature of HIV self-management. Goodness-of-fit indices showed an acceptable fit overall with the full model (${\chi}^2/df_{(164)}=1.66$, RMSEA=0.06, SRMR=0.05, TLI=0.91, and CFI=0.92). The Korean version of the HIV Self-Management Scale (KHSMS) was significantly correlated with patients'self-rated smart patient (r=.41). The subscale Cronbach' alpha coefficients ranged from .78 to .81; alpha for the total scale was .89. Conclusion: The KHSMS provides a valid and reliable measure of self-management in Korean patients with HIV. Continued psychometric testing is recommended to provide further evidence of validity with this population.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.255-268
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• 2011

This study carefully explored today's preferable beauty images, analyzed Korean adult purchasing trends of functional underwear and market analysis of the most popular items and their designs. Information and methods are based largely on reference book material as well as analysis of real domestic data. The paper's research timeline simply spans the last three years, as in accordance with project parameters. Helping improve body shape, foundation literally means 'substructur' and 'base'. The formativeness in these adult foundations typically has three main category classifications. First, natural modern image. This is where we find natural beauty including that which embodies a cool modern sense. Here, you can often see such patterns as either stripes and dots, or simply no patterns at all. Colors are green, red-brown, incarnadine, or khaki from a natural or basic human body color. Its products are marketed as both solid and durable eco-friendly materials, and lace-seethrough. Fashion's natural modern image is undoubtedly the most popular style purchase choice among both genders. Second, sweet romantic image. This mainly consists of two concepts : a sweet and romantic theme, and visual appeal. Patterns include flowers, lips, heart, stars, candies and various other appealing characters. Its main colors are pink, yellow, red, purple, and violet. Products are decorated with laces, frills and ribbons. Since only men's semi-girdles carry such designs, this fashion foundation is largely a women's world. While men show an obvious interest in foundation, they still mostly prefer the choice of natural modern images. Third, mystic sexy image. This is defined as all feminine images of mysterious and classic sexual beauty. Patterns are variously expressed as paisley, flowers, and geometric. Colors are largely purple, blue-green, royal-blue, cobalt, and black. Products are commonly decorated with beading, spangles, hot-fixes and so on. While this image can be found in all kinds of women's foundations, it typically appears only in men's corsets and girdles.