• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2004

목적: 중범위와 대범위 전층 회전근 개 파열에서 관절경 하의 봉합술과 소절개 봉합술을 비교하기 위함이다. 재료 및 방법: 중범위와 대범위의 전층 회전근 개 파열 34예를 대상으로 하였으며, 관절경 하 봉합술을 시행한 13예를 제 1군으로, 소절개 봉합술을 시행한 21예를 제 2군으로 하였다. 파열 크기는 1 cm에서 5 cm까지 였다. 평균 추시 기간은 24(범위; 12$\~$36)개월과 28(범위;12$\~$36)개월이었다. VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) 동통 점수를 이용하여 주관적 통증을 비교하였고, ADL (Activity of Dally Living) 일상 생활 지수를 이용하여 비교하였으며, 기능 평가는 UCLA (University of California LA)점수를 이용하여 비교하였다. 양 군의 만족도를 측정하여 비교하였다. 결과: 최종 추시에서 동통과 기능 점수는 향상되었으나 통계적으로 의미있는 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). VAS 동통 점수, ADL 일상 생활 지수, UCLA 점수, 만족도는 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 결론: 중범위와 대범위 전층 회전근 개 파열에서 관절경 하의 봉합술과 소절개 봉합술은 VAS, ADL, UCLA점수에서 통계적으로 의미 있는 차이가 없었으며, 비슷한 임상적 결과를 보였다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2013

교정 치료 시 발치에 대한 개념은 수없이 변화되어 왔었고, 현재도 발치 치료와 비발치 치료에 대한 기준은 변하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 한국인에서 발치, 비발치 치료에 따른 주관적 안모심미변화를 조사하고, 또한 평가자에 따른 치료결과에 대한 인식의 차이를 알아보았다. 본 연구는 단국대학교 치과대학병원 교정 클리닉에 내원하여 교정치료를 종료한 환자 중, 소구치 발치 환자 59명, 비발치 환자 60명, 총 119명을 대상으로 하였다. 전문가와 비전문가로 이루어진 평가단원이 치료 전 후 측방 두부방사선사진의 연조직 트레이싱을 VAS 평가하여 그 결과를 통계처리 하였다. 그리하여 도출한 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. 발치와 비발치의 평균 점수는 발치가 5.76, 비발치가 5.28로 발치를 한경우의 안모 개선 정도가 더 양호하게 받아들여졌다. 2. 일반인의 평균 점수는 5.165, 전문가 집단은 5.875로 이 연구에서는 일반인 집단보다 전문가 집단에서 전체적으로 더 높은 평가를 하였다. 3. 전문가 집단에서 발치와 비발치 환자를 평가하였을 때, 발치를 한 경우 유의하게 더 높은 점수가 나왔다. 4. 일반인 집단에서 발치와 비발치 환자를 평가하였을 때, 발치를 한 경우 더 높은 점수가 나왔으나 유의성 있는 차이는 존재하지 않는다. 5. 비발치 case에서는 전문가 집단이 일반인 집단 보다 유의성 있게 더 높은 평가를 내렸다. 6. 발치 case에서는 일반인보다 전문가 집단의 점수가 더 높았으나 유의성 있는 결과는 아니다.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2017

목적: 후관절 근접 낭종이 동반된 퇴행성 요추부 질환으로 수술 받은 23명의 환자를 대상으로 방사선적 특징과 임상적 결과를 분석하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 23명의 환자를 대상으로 척추관 협착증 동반 여부, 불안정성, 척추 전방 전위증 동반 여부, 낭종의 위치 및 방향, 후관절의 퇴행성 변화 정도, 후관절 각도, 추간판 퇴행 정도를 확인하였다. 모든 환자에게 광범위 감압술 및 기기고정 유합술을 시행하였다. 임상적 결과를 Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire 및 visual analogue scale을 이용하여 평가하였다. 결과: 23예 중 19예(82.6%)에서 척추관 협착증이 동반되었고, 4예(17.4%)에서는 후관절 낭종이 독립적으로 존재하였다. 이 중 7예(30.4%)에서 불안정성과 전방 전위가 동반되었다. 낭종의 발생은 제4-5 요추간(69.6%)이 가장 많았으며 이환된 병변측의 후관절이 반대측에 비하여 심한 퇴행성 변화를 보였다. 후관절 각도는 좌 우측에 유의한 차이가 없었으며 해당 분절의 추간판은 17예(69.6%)에서 퇴행성 변화를 보였다. 임상적 결과는 수술 후 2년 추시 양호하였다. 결론: 낭종의 발생과 퇴행성 변화는 유의한 상관관계가 있었으며 후관절 낭종과 동반된 퇴행성 요추부 질환에서 광범위 감압술 및 유합술이 좋은 임상적 결과을 얻어 유용한 술식으로 생각된다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2001

Background : Central poststroke pain(CPSP) can occur as a result of lesion or dysfunction of the brain from stroke and may cause many difficulty in the social activities and daily life. In this study, we evaluate the clinical effectiveness of east-west medical management for CPSP through VAS(visual analogue scale), infrared themography, MBI(Moderfied Barthel Index) and Rankin scale. Methods : We treated thirty patients with oriental medical treatment method and western & oriental medical treatment method. Each group has fifteen patients of the CPSP. We evaluated their pain(characterizes tingling and burning sensation, aching, hyperalgesia, and allodynia) through VAS(visual analog scale) pain score, the skin temperature of pain site by infrared thermography and assessed their mobility & rehabilitation ability through MBI(Moderfied Barthel Index), Rankin scale before and after pain treatment. Results : The skin temperature of pain site was lower than non-pain site. The difference of skin temperature improved from $0.65{\pm}0.45^{\circ}C$ to $0.39{\pm}0.25^{\circ}C$ after oriental medical treatment and $0.68{\pm}0.54^{\circ}C$ to $0.27{\pm}0.24^{\circ}C$ after western & oriental medical treatment VAS scores improved from $7.9{\pm}1.4$ to $4.7{\pm}1.6$ after oriental medical treatment and $8.1{\pm}1.3$ to $4.6{\pm}1.2$ after western & oriental medical treatment. MBI scores improved from $61.40{\pm}13.58$ to $85.00{\pm}13.85$ after oriental medical treatment and $52.26{\pm}13.52$ to $77.13{\pm}12.04$ after western & oriental medical treatment. And Rankin scale scores improved from $3.33{\pm}0.72$ to $2.46{\pm}0.74$ after oriental medical treatment and $3.60{\pm}0.82$ to $2.66{\pm}0.81$ after western & oriental medical treatment Conclusion : The difference of skin temperature and Rankin scale scores more significantly improved after western & oriental medical treatment than oriental medical treatment. According to the results, we thought east-west medical management is very useful treatment for CPSP and rehabilitation of the patients with stroke.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2017

목적: Sanders 4형 관절내 종골 골절에 대한 관혈적 정복술 및 내고정술과 일차성 거골하 관절 유합술의 임상적 결과를 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2003년 3월부터 2013년 11월까지 Sanders 4형 종골 골절로 진단되어 관혈적 정복술 및 내고정술을 시행한 11예와 일차성 거골하 관절 유합술을 시행한 11예를 비교 분석하였다. 평균 추시 기간은 34.6개월(18-72개월)이었다. 술 후 6, 12개월 및 최종 추시 시 American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society's ankle-hindfoot scale (AOFAS) 점수 및 visual analogue scale pain (VAS) 통증 점수를 측정하였고 환자 만족도, 직장 복귀 여부 및 술 후 합병증을 조사하였다. 결과: 최종 추시 시 AOFAS 점수 및 VAS 점수는 양 군 간 의미 있는 차이는 보이지 않았으나(p>0.05) 일차성 거골하 관절 유합술을 시행한 군에서 환자의 만족도가 높았다(p=0.008). 관혈적 정복술군에서 증상을 동반한 거골하 관절염으로 이차성 거골하 관절 유합술을 5예(45.5%)에서 시행하였다. 결론: 양 군 간 임상적으로 의미 있는 결과의 차이는 보이지 않았으나 일차성 거골하 관절 유합술이 술 후 만족도가 높아 빠른 일상 복귀를 필요로 하는 환자 혹은 2차 수술이 불가피할 것으로 예상되는 경우 일차성 거골하 관절 유합술을 고려해 볼 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.132-148
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• 2012

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dysmenorrhea care program by Korean traditional medicine on dysmenorrhiec juveniles. Methods: 47 adolescent dysmenorrhiec patients in local girls' high school took part in dysmenorrhea care program by Korean traditional medicine. The subjects were treated by acupuncture, ear-acupuncture, acupressure education, herbal extract medication and qigong exercise. The results were investigated by visual analogue scale(VAS), multidimensional verbal rating scale(MVRS) and verbal rating scale (VRS). Data was collected every three months from March, 2011 to March, 2012. Additionally satisfaction survey was conducted. Results: VAS score was reduced after treatment, but rebounded back to baseline after 6 months of discontinued dysmenorrhea care program. There was no significant difference of time and group interaction in linear mixed model analysis. MVRS and VRS outcomes showed similar pattern. Conclusions: Dysmenorrhea care program by Korean traditional medicine is effective in juveniles with dysmenorrhea for several months but not for long as nine months after treatment. However, the effect can last for three months at the very least.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.53-72
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• 1996

The Purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of fatigue and the relationship between fatigue and related factors in patients on hemodialysis. This study was a survey study using a cross-sectional design. The subjects for this study were 101 patients on hemodialysis who were registered in the six hemodialysis clinics among a total of eleven clinics in Seoul. The period of data collection was from February 28, 1995 to May 2, 1995. Data were collected through an interview with a structured packet and the physiological data. The tools used in this study were the Visual Analogue Scale-Fatigue developed by Lee et al(1990) and translated by Lee(1991), the fatigue interview schedule developed by this researcher, Zung's self rating depression scale(Zung, 1965), the self-efficacy scale developed by Sherer et al(1982) and the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire(NSSQ) translated by Oh(1984). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics(mean, standard deviation, frequency, range), Pearson correlation coefficients and Stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows ; 1. Characteristics of Fatigue of hemodialysis patients : 1) 79 of 101 hemodialysis patients complained fatigue. 2) The mean fatigue score as measured by the VAS-F was 36.2mm. 3) The mean duration of fatigue was 2.9 hours 2. Characteristics of fatigue related factors : 1) The physiologic factor which included Hgb, Hct, BUN, creatinine, potassium and interdialytic weight gain deviated from normal range. 2) The psychological factor which included depression and self-efficacy was about the same level as for patients with other chronic diseases. 3) The environmental factor which included social support had wide variation. 3. The relationship between fatigue and related factors : 1) Interdialytic weight gain in the physiologica factor was the only valuable with fatigue （p＜.05） 2) The relationship between fatigue and the psychological factor of depression showed a positive and strong correlation（p＜.05）. According to the findings of this study, fatigue was highly correlated with the depression. This indicates that nurses should try to assess and control psychological factors when patients complain of fatigue rather than just considering physiological factors. Nursing has to develop effective nursing interventions to reduce fatigue in patients with chronic diseases using the relationship between fatigue and physiological, psychological and environmental factors.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.302-313
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• 2001

Purpose: To identify characteristics of chronic fatigue, difference between the duration of fatigue and characteristics of chronic fatigue, and association between chronic fatigue and related factors in adults. Method: The subjects for this study were 180 adults who had experienced fatigue for over one month The measurement tools were the Revised Fatigue Scale by Chalder et al. (1993), the Visual Analogue Scale-energy developed by Lee et al. (1991), the BEPSI (Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument) by Frank & Zyzanski (1988), Zung's self rating depression scale (1965) and life style items including exercise sleep, drinking smoking and diet as developed by the researchers. Results : Those who complained of fatigue over six months experienced higher disturbances in their daily life compared to those who had suffered from fatigue less than six months. There were a significant correlation between severity of fatigue and depression (r=.46, p<.001), stress (r=.41, p<.001), and sleep (r=.20, p<.01) Statistically significant relationships were found between severity of fatigue and amount of exercise per week (F=3.79. p<.05) disturbed sleep (t=-2.66, p<.01), number of times awakened during the night (F=3.48, p<.05) types of drinking (F=2.65, p<.05), and diet regularity (F=5.83, p<.01). The construction of a multiple regression model revealed an adjusted $R^2$ of .27 with the depression score serving the major predictor variables for severity of fatigue. Men and people in the younger age group were more energetic than women and those in other age groups. Also married people experienced more fatigue than people who were single. divorced or separated. Conclusion: In nursing interventions for fatigue, medical personnel should consider sociodemographic characteristics of the clients, ways to reduce of stress and counter disturbances in daily life and develop strategies for a health promoting life style.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2021

Combined Western-Korean medicine treatments were given to a 67-year-old woman with late onset seizures who underwent surgical drainage of a subdural hematoma. Clonazepam and herbal medicine was prescribed. Acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping, chuna, and physical therapy were also performed. The frequency and intensity of seizures was assessed using the Chalfont Seizure Severity Scale. The seizure index score improved from 25 at admission to 0 at discharge. Pain in the right upper extremity reduced from 10 to 0 on the visual analogue scale and muscle strength increased from Grade 3 to 5 in Medical Research Council Scale for the Manual Muscle Test. At the time of hospitalization, the manual muscle strength tests for the affected shoulder, elbow, wrist, and grip strength were 30%, 60%, 10%, 5%, respectively, which improved almost 100% by discharge. Further studies using combined Western-Korean medicine for seizures after strokes are necessary to determine the most effective treatment.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.93-111
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• 1984

The main purpose of this study is to develop a ratio scale measuring level of pain using Korean pain terms. The specific purposes of this study are to identify the degree of pain of each pain term in each subclass: to classify each subclass in terms of dimensions of pain; and to analyze factors of the Korean pain ratio scale clustering together. One hundred an4 fifty eight pain terms which were originally identified as representative terms and their synonyms were used for data collection. Fifty eight nursing professors ana sixty one medical doctors who have contacted with patients having pain were asked to rate the weight of each pain term on a visual analogue scale. Subclasses in which ranks of pain terms were same f s findings in two previous studies were 1) thermal 3 am 2) cavity pressure, 3) single stimulating pain, 4) radiation pain. and 5) chemical pain. Subclasses in which ranks of pain terms were confused were 1) incisive pressure, and 2) cold pain. Subclasses in which one new pain term was added were 1) inflammatory-repeated pain, 2) punctuate pressure, 3) constrictive pressure, 4) fatigue-related pressure, and 5) suffering-relate4 pain. Subclasses in which two new pain terms were added were 1) traction pressure, 2) peripheral nerve pain, 3) dull pain, 4) pulsation-related pain, 5) digestion-related pain, 6) tract pain, and 7) punishment-related pain. Subclass in which 3 new pain terms were included was fear-related pain. Rating scores of 5 words in 4 subclasses were significantly different between the normal group and the extreme group of subjects in terms of subjective rating. Only one word among 6 words was that newly added to the scale. Rating scores of 12 words in 9 subclasses were significantly different between doctor group and nursing professor group. Among these 12 words, only 3 were those newly added to the scale. In comparison of these 12 words, mean scores of the nursing professors were always 7 to 16 points higher than those of the medical doctors. In the analysis of judgement of subjects in terms of dimensions of pain terms, subclasses of dull pain, cavity pressure, tract pain and cold pain were suggested to be included in the miscellaneous dimension. As a result of factor analysis of the ratings given to 96 pain words using principal components analysis without iteration and with varimax rotation limiting the number of factors to 4, factors of severe pain (factor I) mild-moderate pain (factor II) , causative pain (factor III) and temperature-related pain(factor IV) were extracted with the factor loading above 0.388. When the pain words were re-arranged on the bases of factor loading above 0.368, number of factors decreased to only first two factors. Maximum score of pain word in factor II was 46.17 and the minimum score of the factor I was 45.36. Further studies are needed to identify the validity, reliability, sensitivity and practicability of this ratio scale using patients having various sources of pain.