• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is an effective treatment for myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) of upper trapezius. Methods : Study subject were 20 patients (7 male and 13 female). The patients were evaluated by assessing of pain and function using visual analog scale (VAS) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) and Constant-Murley scale (CMS). Statistical analysis was used paired T-test to know significance probability between pre-test and post-test. Results : There was no statistical significance in the change in PPT. But, VAS scores were significantly improved after ESWT (p<.05). Using the Constant-Murley score, this study showed a significant decrease in pain and a significant increase in range of motion of shoulder (p<.05). Conclusion : These results indicate that extracorporeal shock waves therapy could be considered as an effective and efficient treatment modality for myofascial pain syndrome of upper trapezius.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.486-494
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• 2019

Purpose: To investigate the effect of $Buzzy^{(R)}$ and $ShotBlocker^{(R)}$ on reducing pain induced by intramuscular penicillin injections in children. Methods: This was a randomized controlled study. A total of 150 Turkish children aged 7~12 years who presented to our pediatric emergency clinic and met the inclusion criteria were recruited. The children were randomly assigned to each group (control=50, $Buzzy^{(R)}=50$, $ShotBlocker^{(R)}=50$). Data were collected using an information form, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, Visual Analog Scale, and Faces Pain Scale-Revised. Results: The children in the control group had significantly higher pain scores during the penicillin injection than the children in the $ShotBlocker^{(R)}$ and $Buzzy^{(R)}$ groups. The children in the $Buzzy^{(R)}$ group had significantly less pain than the children in both the $ShotBlocker^{(R)}$ and control groups (p<.001). Conclusion: $Buzzy^{(R)}$ was more effective compared with $ShotBlocker^{(R)}$ in this study.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.135-141
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• 2019

Background: The fear of needle insertion and pain during anesthesia is a source of patient dissatisfaction in dentistry. Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) remains the most common type of block and is in itself painful. Computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery (CCLAD) has been proven to reduce the pain associated with injection of anesthetics in various blocks. However, the efficacy of CCLAD for IANB in adults remains unknown. Methods: Sixty-four adult patients requiring bilateral IANB were selected and divided into two groups: group A (50 patients receiving IANB via CCLAD) and group B (50 patients receiving IANB using a conventional cartridge syringe). Pain perception and patient comfort were assessed using the visual analog scale and the 5-point semantic scale, respectively. Results: The pain perception was compared between the two groups using the Mann-Whitney U-test, and the P value was 0.003. The patient comfort was also compared using the same test, and the P value was 0.484. Conclusion: A significant difference was observed in the pain perception of the patients during CCLAD. The patient comfort was grossly equal for both techniques.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2001

Background : Central poststroke pain(CPSP) can occur as a result of lesion or dysfunction of the brain from stroke and may cause many difficulty in the social activities and daily life. In this study, we evaluate the clinical effectiveness of east-west medical management for CPSP through VAS(visual analogue scale), infrared themography, MBI(Moderfied Barthel Index) and Rankin scale. Methods : We treated thirty patients with oriental medical treatment method and western & oriental medical treatment method. Each group has fifteen patients of the CPSP. We evaluated their pain(characterizes tingling and burning sensation, aching, hyperalgesia, and allodynia) through VAS(visual analog scale) pain score, the skin temperature of pain site by infrared thermography and assessed their mobility & rehabilitation ability through MBI(Moderfied Barthel Index), Rankin scale before and after pain treatment. Results : The skin temperature of pain site was lower than non-pain site. The difference of skin temperature improved from $0.65{\pm}0.45^{\circ}C$ to $0.39{\pm}0.25^{\circ}C$ after oriental medical treatment and $0.68{\pm}0.54^{\circ}C$ to $0.27{\pm}0.24^{\circ}C$ after western & oriental medical treatment VAS scores improved from $7.9{\pm}1.4$ to $4.7{\pm}1.6$ after oriental medical treatment and $8.1{\pm}1.3$ to $4.6{\pm}1.2$ after western & oriental medical treatment. MBI scores improved from $61.40{\pm}13.58$ to $85.00{\pm}13.85$ after oriental medical treatment and $52.26{\pm}13.52$ to $77.13{\pm}12.04$ after western & oriental medical treatment. And Rankin scale scores improved from $3.33{\pm}0.72$ to $2.46{\pm}0.74$ after oriental medical treatment and $3.60{\pm}0.82$ to $2.66{\pm}0.81$ after western & oriental medical treatment Conclusion : The difference of skin temperature and Rankin scale scores more significantly improved after western & oriental medical treatment than oriental medical treatment. According to the results, we thought east-west medical management is very useful treatment for CPSP and rehabilitation of the patients with stroke.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2013

Purpose: To investigate whether the long-term use of a cane induces pain in the unaffected lower limb of stroke patients. Methods: A total of 107 stroke patients with chronic hemiparesis were recruited in this study and classified into two groups; a cane-use group (n=49) and non-cane-use group (n=58). The existence of pain in the unaffected lower limb was assessed on a visual analog scale in the hip, knee, and ankle joint, and the University of Alabama pain behaviors scale (UAB pain behavior scale) used to measure the intensity of pain. In addition, the Motricity Index (MI) was tested in the upper and lower extremities. Results: The proportion of pain in each joint of the lower limb was significantly higher in the cane-use group, compared to the non-cane-use group (p<0.05). In addition, significant differences were observed on the UAB pain behavior scale between the two groups. The lower MI score was significantly lower in the cane-use group, compared with the control group. However, no difference was observed in MI scores of the upper limb between the two groups. Conclusion: These findings reveal that long-term cane usage can induce pain in the unaffected lower limb of stroke patients. We suggest careful consideration when prescribing a cane, depending on functional ability in hemiparetic patients, and recommend continuous evaluation for pain in the affected lower limb.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.85-89
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• 2007

Objective The aim of this study is to investigate if Sweet Bee Venom therapy has the equal effect in comparison with Bee Venom Therapy on Low back pain with Radiation pain. Methods Clinical studies were done 24 patients who were treated low back pain with radiation pain to Dept. of Acupuncture & Moxibusition, of Oriental Medicine Se-Myung University from April 1, 2007 to September 30, 2007. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups ; Bee Venom treated group(Group A, n=10), Sweet Bee Venom treatred group(Group B, n=14). In Bee Venom treated group(Group A), we treated patients with dry needle acupuncture and Bee Venom therapy. In Sweet Bee Venom treatred group(Group B), we treated patients with dry needle acupuncture and Sweet Bee Venom therapy. All process of treatment were performed by double blinding method. To estimate the efficacy of controlling pain. we checked Visual Analog Scale(VAS). For evaluating functional change of patients, Straight Leg Raising Test(S.L.R.T) was measured. Results 1. In controlling pain, Sweet Bee Venom treatred group(Group B) had similar ability in comparison with Bee Venom treated group(Group A). 2. In promoting function, Sweet Bee Venom treatred group(Group B) had similar ability in comparison with Bee Venom treated group(Group A). Conclusions It may be equal effects as compared with using Bee Venom to treat low back pain with radiation pain using Sweet Bee Venom. We can try to treat other disease known to have effect with Bee Venom.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.47-60
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of chuna treatment on cervical sprain caused by traffic accident in early stage. Methods : This study carried out on 20 patients who have received hospital treatment in Daejeon Univ. cheonan Oriental Hospital. Non-chuna group got acupunture-therapy, herbal medication, physical therapy and Chuna group got chuna treatment besides. We measured Heart Rate Variability(HRV) and Visual Analog Scale(VAS) on 2nd, 4th day. Results : After being treated by our methods, Chuna Group showed the inclination to balance the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve. In chuna group, an autonomic nerve activity showed the inclination to increase. But there were no significant difference between both groups. Chuna group's VAS were significantly decreased(p=0.043). Conclusions : The results suggest that Chuna treatment help traffic accident patients in early stage to reduce pain. Refer to autonomic nerve system, chuna treatment seem to do positive effect but Further long tenn study in a large scale is needed.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate clinical effects of Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue acupuncture treatment to neuropathic pain of patients with spinal cord injury. Methods : The clinical study was carried out 5 cases with spinal cord injury, who had been treated from December, 2008 to November, 2009 in the department of oriental rehabilitation medicine, Dong-Guk university oriental medical hospital. Results : After treating Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue acupuncture, we find out that the VAS(Visual Analog Scale) score was significantly improved after treatment. Conclusions : These result suggest that Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue acupuncture were effective to neuropathic pain of spinal cord injury patients.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2009

Objective: The objective of this study is to observe the effect of anti-inflammatory herbal acupuncture on the Supraspinatus Tendinosis and subdeltoid bursitis Methods : Anti-inflammatory herbal acupuncture, A-Shi Point, Sa-am acupunture were used to treat shoulder pain. We evaluated the patient through VAS(Visual Analog Scale) daily and Physical Examinations Results & Conclusions : After 12 days of treatment, shoulder pain was decreased from VAS9 to VAS1 and the patient showed nearly full ROM(range of movement). In shoulder pain, oriental treatment is good method for pain relief and better movement.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.280-286
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• 2006

Purpose: To test whether a hope carries the influence of pain to health related quality of life in patients with cancer. Method: 114 cancer patients recruited with. Data were collected through the Visual analog Scale, the Herth Hope Index, and the SF-36 Standard Korean Version. Results: The results showed that the measurement variables (pain, hope and health-related quality of life) were all significantly interrelated. The results of MedGraph revealed that the full mediation effect of hope in the relation between pain and mental component summary of quality of life was significant. Conclusion: These results imply that hope need to be considered in planning intervention programs for the enhancement of quality of life in patients with cancer.