• 한국패류학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2003

바지락, Ruditapes philippinarum의 생식기구를 밝히기 위한 연구의 일환으로서 생식주기는 조직학적 관찰에 의해 조사되었고, 폐각근 조직 및 내장낭 조직 내의 생화학 성분들은 생화학적 분석방법에 의해 조사되었다. 바지락의 생식소 발달에 따른 생식주기는 초기활성기 (1-3월), 후기활성기 (2-5월), 완숙기 (4-8월), 부분산란기 (5-10월), 퇴화/비활성기 (8-2월)의 연속적인 단계로 구분할 수 있었다. 폐각근 조직내 총단백질 함량 (%) 변화는 초기 및 후기 활성기인 2월에 최대에 이른다음 완숙기 및 부분활성기인 5월에 최소값을 나타내었다. 반면, 내장낭 조직 내 총단백질 함량 변화는 완숙 및 부분산란기인 6월에 최대에 이른 후 부분산란기인 6월부터 10월까지 점차 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 전반적으로 폐각근 조직과 내장낭 조직 내의 총단백질 함량 변화 사이에는 음 (-) 의 상관관계를 나타내었다 (r = -0.292, P < 0.05). 폐각근 조직 내 총지질 함량 (%) 변화는 비활성기 및 초기활성기인 1월에 최대에 이른 후, 2월에 급격히 감소되었다. 반면, 내장낭 조직 내 총지질 함량 변화는 후기활성기 및 완숙기인 4월에 최대를 나타내었고, 부분산란기인 5-10 월 사이에 점차 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 전반적으로 폐각근 조직과 내장낭 조직 내의 총지질 함량 변화 사이에는 음 (-) 의 상관관계를 보였다 (r = -0.699, p < 0.05). 폐각근 조직내 글리코겐 함량 (%) 변화는 후기활성기 및 완숙기인 5월에 최대에 이른 다음, 부분산란기인 5월부터 10월까지 급격히 감소되었다. 반면, 내장낭 조직 내 글리코겐 함량 변화는 초기 및 후기활성기인 2월에 최대에 이른 다음, 후기활성기인 3월에 급격히 감소되었으며, 그 후 완숙 및 부분산란기인 4월에서 7월까지 점차 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 전반적으로 폐각근 조직과 내장낭 조직 내의 글리코겐 함량 변화 사이에는 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다(r = 0.062, p > 0.05). 상기 언급된 결과들은 바지락의 폐각근 조직 및 내장낭 조직들이 중요한 에너지 저장소이며, 영양 공급 기관임을 알 수 있었으며, 폐각근 조직과 내장낭 조직들의 영양물질 함량 변화는 생식소의 에너지 요구에 따라 변하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2006

Objectives : We evaluated anti-hyperlipidemia effect of Gyeongshinganjeehwan (GGEx) in high fat induced obese male micro-pigs. Methods : 7 month-old micro-pigs are fed with normal (n = 3) or high fat diet (n = 18) for 12 weeks. The pig revealed obesity in high fat diet were divided into 2 groups (n = 5 each) and vehicle (OMP) and Gyeongshingangjeehwan (GGEx, 616.7 mg/kg/day) were administrated for 1 month. We monitored the changes in body weight and measured plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, GOT and, GPT after 1 month. The visceral fat were measured with computerized tomography and weights of various organs were measured after sacrifice. Results : 1. GGEx group had significantly reduced body weight gain than obese control group in statistics. 2. GGEx group didn't significantly differ from obese control group in blood total cholesterol, blood LDL-cholesterol, blood triglyceride. but it's data were similar to normal control group. 3. GGEx group had prominantly reduced visceral fat than obese control group in computerized tomography. 4. Blood GOT and GPT didn't differ from between groups. The organ weight were not significant different. And it is normal in size and colour of visceral organs. Conclusions : It is concluded that GGEx has anti-hyperlipidemia effect by improving visceral fat and access to security.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1995

DA-125, a new anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, was administered at dose levels of 0, 0.2, 0.6 and 1.8 mg/kg/day intravenously to pregnant New Zealand White rabbits from day 6 through 18 of gestation. The does were subjected to the caesarean section on day 28 of gestation. Effects of test agent on general toxicity of does and embryonic development of F1 fetuses were examined. At 1.8 mg/kg, the organ weight for ovary of does was significantly decreased. The decrease in the number of corpus lutea, implantations and litter size, and the increase in the rate of resorptions were also observed. In addition, various types of external, visceral and skeletal malformations occurred in fetuses at an incidence of 7.7, 7.7 and 20.6%, respectively. The results show that the no effect dose levels (NOELs) of DA-125 are 0.6 mg/kg/day for does and F1 fetuses.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.157-171
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• 2000

Front Points are told to be deeply related with viscera and bowels in oriental medicine. Since the Front Points are treated as response zone, it can be used for the diagnosis and treatment of disease in viscera and bowels. The location of Front Points are very similar to the several response zones in western medicine. Diagnostic aspect of Front Points to several response zones were discussed in here based on many thesis and reported laboratorial experiments. Front Points are located in the same latitude of viscera and bowels. So, diagnosis result in Front Points represent condition of each organs. Palpitation of the Front Points can make diagnosis of body surface and the organ beneath the body surface. Such use of Front Points for diagnosis can used as the treatment points also. Only three Front Points (LU-1, LI-14, GB-24) in lung, liver and gall bladder meridian are located on its meridian. The Front Points of Stomach (CV-12) cross its meridian or closely located to it. Unlike to those four Front Points that are matched to its meridian, other eight Front Points do not located or cross its meridian at all. It seems that the location of Front Points are decided by the location of organs and the conditions at a certain organ do not delivered by the meridians but delivered by main collaterals, tertiary collaterals and superficial collaterals instead. Among visceral response zones, Five Front Points (CV-3, CV-4, CV-12, LI-14, GB-25) are exactly matched to Head's response zone and other Front Points are closely matched to the Head's response zone. There are five Front Points (CV-12, CV-14, CV-17, LI-14, GB-24) that are matched with the location of pressing palpitation point and other Front Points are closely located to the pressing palpitation point. So far, it was clear that the Front Points do have important role as response points. Symptoms expressed to the Front Points were delivered conditions or symptoms occur in corresponding organ and the anatomical location of Front Points were also found near the corresponding organ. Diagnostic and therapeutic application of Front Points for Organ theory and in the Interpromotion-restraint of the five elements in oriental medicine can be made in future to increase its potential.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1593-1599
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• 2014

This study consisted of two experiments, conducted to assess the impact of phase at which vegetable protein (VP) diets are introduced to broiler chicks, and preference of birds for diets based on soybean or canola meal (CM). Two hundred and ten day-old Cobb 500 chicks were randomly distributed into five dietary groups in the main experiment. One group was fed on animal protein (AP) diet all through to 21 days of age; two other groups were started on AP diet for 7 days and then switched to diets containing soybean meal (AP-SBM) or AP-CM, while two other diets (SBM-AP and CM-AP) were started on one of the VP diets for 7 days and then switched to AP diet. A sub-experiment on thirty birds raised on a commercial diet to 7 days was used in a feed selection test to quantify the preference of birds for the diets containing mainly CM or SBM. Chicks were reared under similar care and management conditions and the diets were iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous. Results of the main experiment showed that chicks on CM-AP diet ate more (p<0.05) than those on the other diets up to day 7. Body weight gain was highest (p<0.001) on the AP-SBM diet while birds on the CM-AP diet weighed the least at 7 d. Feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, mortality, bone growth, visceral organ development, and activities of digestive enzymes were similar between the groups from hatch to 21 days of age. Results of the second sub-experiment showed that chicks preferred the CM-based diets to the SBM-based diets at 8 to 14 d (p<0.001) and 15 to 21 d (p<0.01) when given a choice. Overall, the birds were not affected by the nature of the starter diet although they tended to prefer the canola to soybean diets.

• 약학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.534-539
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• 1998

Effect of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF, DWP401) on fetal external, visceral and skeletal malformation during organogenesis was examined. Pregnant Sprauge-Daw ley rats were administered with 0.2, 1 and 5mg/kg/day subcutaneously on gestation day 6 through 16. Dams were sacrified at 20th day of gestation. Materal body weight, food consumption and clinical observation were not changed. Significant dose-dependent increase of relative and absolute liver weight were observed in the treatment group, whereas other organ weights were not changed. Placental weight of 1 and 5mg/kg/day group and number of resorption in 5mg/kg/day treatment group were significantly increased. External and visceral malformation of fetuses were not observed with treatment. However, skeletal variations(increase of asymmetry sternebrae, decrease of dumb-bell and asymmetry sternbrae at 5mg/kg/day, and fused stemebrae at 5mg/kg/day) were observed. These results showed that rhEGF (DWP401) may not have embryo and/or fetal developmental toxicity effect in rats.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.285-294
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• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the supplementary effect of a phytogenic blend (SPA: a mixture containing fermented Schisandra chinensis pomace, fermented Pinus densiflora needle extract, and Allium tuberosum powder in the ratio of 2:2:1) on egg production, egg quality, blood constituents, and visceral organs in laying hens. Methods: A total of 135 Hy-line brown laying hens (48-wk-old) were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments with 5 replicates of 9 hens. The control group (CON) was fed a basal diet (no exogenous SPA addition) and the experimental groups were fed the basal diet containing SPA at the level of 0.1% and 0.3% for 6 weeks. Results: The feed intake was significantly improved in SPA supplemented groups as compared with the control (p<0.05). However, egg production, daily egg mass, and feed conversion ratio were not different among the dietary treatments (p>0.05). For egg quality traits, only Haugh unit (HU) was significantly improved in SPA (0.3%) (p<0.05) as compared with other groups. However, HU was not affected during 4-wk of storage at 18℃ among the dietary treatments (p>0.05). Furthermore, SPA supplementation did not affect the blood biochemical constituents except for the phosphate content, which was significantly higher in SPA groups than the CON group (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in visceral organ characteristics and immune indicators (immunoglobulin A [IgA], IgG, and IgM) in SPA or CON groups. Conclusion: This study suggested that the supplementation of SPA may have beneficial effects on feed intake and egg quality in laying hens.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.567-576
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• 2022

Objective: An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of algae-based antioxidant containing Se yeast (EconomasE^®) on the growth performance, visceral organ weight, meat quality, and oxidative stability of broiler chickens. Methods: Nine hundred sixty, day-old male broiler chickens (Cobb, 43.97±0.55 g) were divided into three dietary treatments and allocated into 12 deep litter pens in a completely randomized design giving 4 replicate cages for each treatment. Three dietary treatments were: i) control (CON, basal diet with sufficient nutrient), ii) vitamin E (VitE, basal diet supplemented with 100 IU VitE), and iii) Algae-based antioxidant containing Se yeast (EcoE, basal diet supplemented with 0.2% algae-based antioxidant containing Se yeast: EconomasE^®). Maize soybean meal based basal diets were formulated to meet or exceed the nutrition requirement for broiler chickens. Chickens were fed ad-libitum experimental diets during the 42 days experiment period. On days 21 and 42, body weight and feed intake were measured to calculate the feed conversion ratio of the chickens. Intestine and visceral organs were measured together with meat quality and oxidative stability on days 14 and 42. Results: Chickens fed with EcoE showed improved (p<0.05) growth performance, meat quality, and higher (p<0.05) oxidative stability compared to the chicken fed on CON. Moreover, broiler chickens fed with EcoE showed similar (p<0.05) growth performance with better (p<0.05) meat quality and higher oxidative stability compared to the broiler chickens fed VitE (p<0.05). Conclusion: The algae-based antioxidant containing Se yeast can be supplemented into commercial broiler diets as a substitution of VitE while maintaining growth performance with enhancing meat quality and oxidative stability of the broiler chickens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.313-322
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• 2020

Objective: An experiment was conducted to investigate the response of laying hens fed corn distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) that are naturally contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON). Methods: One hundred and sixty 52-week-old Lohmann Brown Lite hens were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments with 8 replicates per treatment. The dietary treatments were formulated to provide a range of corn DDGS contaminated with DON from 0% to 20% (i.e., 5% scale of increment). All laying hens were subjected to the same management practices in a controlled environment. Body weight, feed intake and egg production were measured biweekly for the entire 8-week experiment. The egg quality was measured biweekly for 8 weeks. On weeks 4 and 8, visceral organ weights, blood metabolites, intestinal morphology, and blood cytokine concentrations were measured. Results: The inclusion of corn DDGS contaminated with DON in the diet did not alter (p>0.05) the body weight, feed intake, hen-day egg production, egg mass and feed efficiency of the laying hens. No difference was found (p>0.05) in the egg quality of hens that were fed the dietary treatments. Furthermore, hens that were fed a diet containing corn DDGS contaminated with DON showed no change (p>0.05) in the visceral organ weights, the blood metabolites, and the cytokine concentrations. The crypt depth increased (p<0.05) as the amount of corn DDGS contaminated with DON increased. Proportionately, the villus height to crypt depth ratio of the laying hens decreased (p<0.05) with the increasing level of corn DDGS contaminated with DON in the diet. Conclusion: The inclusion of corn DDGS contaminated with DON up to 20% in layer diets did not cause changes in egg production performance and egg quality, which indicates that DON is less toxic at the concentration of 1.00 mg DON/kg.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.168-186
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• 1979

Three hundred gram of Korean ginseng root was extracted with 95% ethanol on a boiling water bath for about 300 hr. Evaporation of alcohol yieled 50.2g of dark brown residue which was used by dissolving 4 mg of the residue in 1 ml of physiological saline. The ginseng group and the saline group received each day 0.5 ml per 100 g body weight of ginseng extract and physiological saline, respectively. Both the ginseng and saline group with stress were exposed to positive radial acceleration (1∼29g), cold (5$^{\circ}C$, 0$^{\circ}C$ &-10$^{\circ}C$) and heat (35$^{\circ}C$) environment, and surgical stress. After termination of the last stress, the tolerance, body weight, visceral organ weight, basal metabolism rate, rectal temperature, the number of erythrocyte and leucocyte, hemoglobin level, hematocrit ratio, total serum protein content and it's fraction and the content of adrenal ascorbic acid in the experimental animal exposed to stress were measured and at the corresponding periods, the same measurements were also carried out with the ginseng and the saline groups without stress exposure (serving as control). Results obtained were as follows. 1. Administration of ginseng does depressed the decrease of the tolerance, body weight, visceral organ weight, basal metabolism rate, the number of erythrocyte, hemoglobin value, hematocrit ratio and the A/G ratio in the mice and rats exposed to various stress. 2. The change of the rectal temperature, eosinophile counts, total serum protein content and the content of adrenal ascorbic acid of ginseng group that exposured to various stress facilitates the reaction to, and accelerates the recovery from the stress. 3. Even after hypophysectomy which served the link between the central and the peripheral portion of the stress mechanism, the adrenal ascorbic acid content of ginseng group decreased significantly more than that of the saline group 30 min. after administration of ACTH, while the value approached the normal level significantly closer in the ginseng group than in the saline group 1 and 2 hr after ACTH administration. Judging from the above results, it is concluded that administration of ginseng extract tolerated the experimental animals under the environment of stressfu1 stmuli, although the ginseng has no significant influence upon the stress mechanism in the absence of stressful stimuli. The site of action of the ginseng appears to be in the peripheral portion of the stress mechanism.