• Title/Summary/Keyword: Virus vaccine

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Production of Newcastle Disease Virus by Vero Cell Culture

  • Jeon, Ju-Mi;Jeon, Gye-Taek;Kim, Ik-Hwan;Lee, Sang-Jong;Jang, Yong-Geun;Jeong, Yeon-Ho
    • 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2002.04a
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    • pp.271-272
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    • 2002
  • Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines were produced from Vero cells by using lively attenuated virus strain. The MOI of 0.1.' serum concentration of 2%. initial pH of 8.0. and infection time of 3 days were found to be optimum conditions for vaccine production. The treatment of polycation enhanced the virus production. When ascorbic acid was added as an antioxidant, NDV production was also enhanced. Utilization of $CaCl_2$ showed an inhibitory effect on the propagation of NDV. It was also found the ammonium ion concentration higher than 4mM inhibited virus production. Thus ammonium ion removal system was tried for the efficient production of NDV vaccine.

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Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Variant Recombinant VP60 Protein Induces Protective Immunogenicity

  • Yang, Dong-Kun;Kim, Ha-Hyun;Nah, Jin-Ju;Song, Jae-Young
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.25 no.11
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    • pp.1960-1965
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    • 2015
  • Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) is highly contagious and often causes fatal disease that affects both wild and domestic rabbits of the species Oryctolagus cuniculus. A highly pathogenic RHDV variant (RHDVa) has been circulation in the Korean rabbit population since 2007 and has a devastating effect on the rabbit industry in Korea. A highly pathogenic RHDVa was isolated from naturally infected rabbits, and the gene encoding the VP60 protein was cloned into a baculovirus transfer vector and expressed in insect cells. The hemagglutination titer of the Sf-9 cell lysate infected with recombinant VP60 baculovirus was 131,072 units/50 μl and of the supernatant 4,096 units/50 μl. Guinea pigs immunized twice intramuscularly with a trial inactivated RHDVa vaccine containing recombinant VP60 contained 2,152 hemagglutination inhibition (HI) geometric mean titers. The 8-week-old white rabbits inoculated with one vaccine dose were challenged with a lethal RHDVa 21 days later and showed 100% survival rates. The recombinant VP60 protein expressed in a baculovirus system induced high HI titers in guinea pigs and rendered complete protection, which led to the development of a novel inactivated RHDVa vaccine.

Molecular identification of the vaccine strain from the inactivated bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) vaccines

  • Yang, Dong-Kun;Kim, Ha-Hyun;Cho, Soo-Dong;Choi, Sung-Suk;Kim, Jae-Jo;Song, Jae-Young
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2013
  • Since the 1980's, several kinds of inactivated bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) vaccines have been used to immunize domestic animals such as cattle and goat in Korea. Immunogenicity of the BVDV vaccines has been checked by the Korean Veterinary Authority using laboratory animals. In this study, we applied a molecular method to investigate the genetic characterization of the BVDV genes in six commercial inactivated BVDV vaccines, and determined the efficiency of two extraction reagents (i.e., sodium citrate or isopropyl myristate) to separate the vaccine antigens from the antigen/adjuvant complexes. Six partial non-coding regions (288 bp) were successfully amplified with specific primer sets, which demonstrated that sodium citrate is more efficient in extracting viral RNA from inactivated gel vaccines than isopropyl myristae. In addition, we identified the virus strains from the vaccines by analyzing the nucleotide sequences of the 5' non-coding region (NCR) of BVDV. The nucleotide similarity of the partial 5' NCR ranged from 95.1 to 100% among BVDV vaccine strains, respectively, indicating that a few manufacturers used different BVDV strains to produce their vaccines.

Comparison between of the Attenuated BR-Oka and the Wild Type Strain of Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) on the DNA level

  • Lim, Sang-Min;Song, Seong-Won;Kim, Sang-Lin;Jang, Yoon-Jung;Kim, Ki-Ho;Kim, Hong-Jin
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.418-423
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    • 2000
  • Oka strain VR-795 (Varicella Zoster Virus, VZV) of American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) has been used for chickenpox vaccine production. In order to use this strain for vaccine production, the strain must be identified and its stability must be confirmed. The identification of the Oka strain has been confirmed using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and DNA sequence analysis of glycoprotein-II (gp-II). The amino acid sequences of Oka deduced from the DNA sequence of gp-II have changed at three amino acids against Ellen and at one amino acid against Webster. To prove the stability of the Oka strain during the passage, RFLP and DNA sequence analyses were also used with 11, 15 and 23 times of virus passage. We found that the Oka strain was stable at passages of up to 23 times, based on the RFLP and DNA sequence analyses. The confirmed Oka strain was renamed as BR-Oka for the purposes of chickenpox vaccine production.

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Genetic Characteristics and Immunogenicity of Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus Isolate from Pig in Korea

  • Hyoung Joon Moon;Jin Sik Oh;Woonsung Na;Minjoo Yeom;Sang Yoon Han;Sung Jae Kim;Bong Kyun Park;Dae Sub Song;Bo Kyu Kang
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • v.16 no.5
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    • pp.311-315
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    • 2016
  • A pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus strain was isolated from a pig farm in Korea in December 2009. The strain was propagated in and isolated from both the Madin-Darby canine kidney cell line and embryonated eggs. The partial and complete sequences of the strain were identical to those of A/California/04/2009, with >99% sequence similarity in the HA, NA, M, NS, NP, PA, PB1, and PB2 genes. The isolated strain was inactivated and used to prepare a swine influenza vaccine. This trial vaccine, containing the new isolate that has high sequence similarity with the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus, resulted in seroconversion in Guinea pigs and piglets. This strain could therefore be a potential vaccine candidate for swine influenza control in commercial farms.

Studies on the Immunization Against Newcastle Disease III. Investions on the Immunity of Newcatle Disease with Special Reference to Vaccination Program and Route (뉴캣슬병 면역에 대한 검토 III. 예방접종 프로그램과 접종경노를 중심으로 한 뉴캣슬병 면역능 검토)

  • 이학철;정유열
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.77-89
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    • 1981
  • The experimental study was undertaken to confirm the effect of vaccination of birds with Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines on the Market by use of th. various vaccination programs. Sixteen groups of birds varying from 2 to f days of age, which were originated from hyper-immunised hens against ND were immunised by three different ways, a live vaccine only, a killed vaccine only, and the combination of a live and killed vaccine according to the each schedule of employed programs. In the administration of a live vaccine only, birds were immunized by one of following methods, the combination of intranasal and intraocular inoculation, intramuscular inoculation, via drinking water and the double inoculation by spray and drinking water application. Except for the double application, all the birds were vaccinated 2,3 or 4 times with two volumes of the virus dose (drinking water application) instructed by the commercial vaccine laboratory, until 21, 28 or 30 days of age, and all the immunized birds 19, 21 or 28 days postvaccination were challenged intramuscularly with 1.0$m\ell$ of 10,000 MLD per $m\ell$ of a virulent ND virus. In the administration of the combination of a live and killed vaccine, birds were immunized 2 or 3 times intranasally at first until 14 or 28 days of age with the same dose of the above experiment of a live vaccine, and then inoculated intramuscularly 1 or 2 times until 60 days of age with 1.0 $m\ell$ of a killed vaccine. And all immunized birds 11 days postvaccination were challenged with the same procedure of the above experiment. In the administration of a killed vaccine only, birds were immunized 3 times intramuscularly until 28 days of age with varied dose (0.2-0.5 $m\ell$) of a killed vaccine and all immunized birds 33 days postvaccination were challenged with the same procedure of the above experiment. The results obtained are summerised as follows: All birds vaccinated by using the combination of a live and killed vaccine program or a killed vaccin only appeared to be refractory. without any sign of illness, to the challenge exposure with 1.0$m\ell$ of 10,000 MLD per $m\ell$ of a virulent ND virus. On the other hand, the survival rates of birds of live vaccine groups immunized by a number of vaccine program such as Salsbury's day old program, 3-3-3 program, the Institute of Veterinary Reserch program and Multiple inoculation program, were 39.58%, 43.7%, 43.75% and 47.80%, respectively. And the survival rates of birds vaccinated with a live vaccine by 4 different ways of administration, i.e., double inoculation by water and aerosol application, intramuscular injection, intranasal instillation and via 4.inking water were 87.50%, 64.06%, 42.18% and 25.00%, respectively.

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Gene Therapy Using GM-CSF Gene Transferred by a Defective Infectious Single-cycle Herpes Virus in Micro-residual Organotropic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer Model (향장기성 두경부 편평세포암종의 미세잔존암 모델에서 GM-CSF 유전자를 이입시킨 제한복제성 헤르페스바이러스 벡터를 이용한 종양백신의 유전자 치료)

  • Kim Se-Heon;Choi Eun-Chang;Kim Han-Su;Chang Jung-Hyun;Kim Ji-Hoon;Kim Kwang-Moon
    • Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.25-33
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    • 2003
  • Background and Objectives: The Herpes Simplex type 2 Defective Infectious Single Cycle virus (DISC virus) is attenuated virus originally produced as viral vaccines but are also efficient gene transfer vehicle. The main goals of this study were to examine the efficiencies of the gene transfer using DISC vectors for various head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination with DISC virus carrying a immunomodulatory genes (GM-CSF) as cancer therapy in a organotopic oral cavity squamous cell cancer model. Materials and Methods : We determinated the gene transfer efficiency of DISC virus by x-gal stain method and proved gene and protein expression of DISC-GMCSF transfected SCCVII cells by RT-PCR and ELISA method. Also we evaluated the ex vivo vaccination effects of SCCVII/GMCSF (DISC-GMCSF transfected SCCVII vaccine) vaccine on preventing the recurrence of micro-residual tumor. After the vaccination of SCCVII/GMCSF, specific cytotoxic T-cell responses was evaluated by CTL assay. Results: At an MOI of 10 DISC virus showed 64-88% of transfection rates in various head and neck squamous cancer cell lines. SCCVII cells transduced by DISC virus vector (MOI=10) carrying the GM-CSF gene, produced 4.5 nanogram quantities of GM-CSF per $10^6$ cells. In vivo vaccination using tumor cells transduced ex vivo with DISC-GMCSF resulted in better protection rate against subsequent tumor recurrence in organotopic oral cavity cancer model. Although tumor free survival rate was not statistically significantly increased in vaccination group (p=0.078), tumor specific cytotocic T-cell responses were significantly increased in SCCVII/GMCSF vaccination group. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that; 1) The DISC virus vector is capable of efficient gene transfer to various head and neck squamous cancer cell lines, 2) GM-CSF secreting genetically modified tumor vaccine (SCCVII/GMCSF) efficiently protected against tumor recurrence in organotopic micro-residual oral cavity cancer model and produced tumor specific cytotoxic T-cell response. DISC virus-mediated, cytokine gene transfer may prove to be useful as a clinical therapy for head and neck cancers.

Release of Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine from Chitosan Microspheres In vitro and In vivo

  • Park, I.K.;Jiang, H.L.;Yun, C.H.;Choi, Y.J.;Kim, S.J.;Akaike, T.;Kim, S.I.;Cho, C.S.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.543-547
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    • 2004
  • Newcastle disease vaccine (NDV)-loaded chitosan microspheres (NDV-CM) were prepared. Stimulatory effects of these NDV-CM on antibody response compared to free NDV were examined in vitro and in vivo. In vitro stimulation of macrophages with virus vaccine resulted in higher number of cells compared to saline-treated control. Both NDV and NDV-CM induced secretion of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in dose dependent manner and the secretion of IL-1 by NDV-CM was delayed compared to free NDV. Irrespective of vaccine formulation, NDV subunit antigen was not effective in preventing mortality of the birds after challenge. However, CM loaded with NDV made of whole viron had antibody responses and protection similar to those shown by ND-K, a commercial inactivated oilemulsion vaccine.

Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Vaccines for the Re-Emerging Human Monkeypox Virus

  • Wooseong Lee;Yu-Jin Kim;Su Jin Lee;Dae-Gyun Ahn;Seong-Jun Kim
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.33 no.8
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    • pp.981-991
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    • 2023
  • Monkeypox (Mpox) virus, a member of the Poxviridae family, causes a severe illness similar to smallpox, which is characterized by symptoms such as high fever, rash, and pustules. Human-to-human transmission cases have been reported but remained low since the first recorded case of human infection occurred in the Congo in 1970. Recently, Mpox has re-emerged, leading to an alarming surge in infections worldwide since 2022, originating in the United Kingdom. Consequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the '2022-23 Mpox outbreak'. Currently, no specific therapy or vaccine is available for Mpox. Therefore, patients infected with Mpox are treated using conventional therapies developed for smallpox. However, the vaccines developed for smallpox have demonstrated only partial efficacy against Mpox, allowing viral transmission among humans. In this review, we discuss the current epidemiology of the ongoing Mpox outbreak and provide an update on the progress made in diagnosis, treatment, and development of vaccines for Mpox.

Recent Studies of Edible Plant Vaccine for Prophylactic Medicine against Virus-mediated Diseases (바이러스 질병 예방을 위한 식물 경구 백신 연구 동향)

  • Hahn, Bum-Soo;Park, Jong-Sug;Kim, Hyeong-Kuk;Ha, Sun-Hwa;Cho, Kang-Jin;Kim, Yong-Hwan;Kim, Jong-Bum
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.151-161
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    • 2004
  • Transgenic plants have been studied as delivery system for edible vaccine against various diseases. Edible plant vaccines have several potential advantages as follows: an inexpensive source of antigen, easy administration, reduced need for medical personnel, economical to mass produce and easy transport, heat-stable vaccine without refrigerator, generation of systemic and mucosal immunity and safe antigen without fetal animal-virus contaminants. The amount of recombinant antigens in transgenic plants ranged from 0.002 to 0.8% in total soluble protein, depending on promoters for the expression of interested genes and plants to be used for transformation. Throughout the last decade, edible plant vaccine made notable progresses that protect from challenges against virus or bacteria. However edible plant vaccines have still problems that could be solved. First, the strong promoter or inducible promoter or strategy of protein targeting could be solved to improve the low expression of antigens in transgenic plants. Second, the transformation technique of target plant should be developed to be able to eat uncooked. Third, marker-free vector could be constructed to be more safety. In this review we describe advances of edible plant vaccines, focusing on the yields depending on plants/promoters employed and the results of animal/clinical trials, and consider further research for the development of a new plant-derived vaccine.