• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1515-1526
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• 2022

Eukaryotic chromatin is highly organized in the 3D nuclear space and dynamically regulated in response to environmental stimuli. This genomic organization is arranged in a hierarchical fashion to support various cellular functions, including transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Like other host cellular mechanisms, viral pathogens utilize and modulate host chromatin architecture and its regulatory machinery to control features of their life cycle, such as lytic versus latent status. Combined with previous research focusing on individual loci, recent global genomic studies employing conformational assays coupled with high-throughput sequencing technology have informed models for host and, in some cases, viral 3D chromosomal structure re-organization during infection and the contribution of these alterations to virus-mediated diseases. Here, we review recent discoveries and progress in host and viral chromatin structural dynamics during infection, focusing on a subset of DNA (human herpesviruses and HPV) as well as RNA (HIV, influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2) viruses. An understanding of how host and viral genomic structure affect gene expression in both contexts and ultimately viral pathogenesis can facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2009

Farmed deer could be susceptible carrier to bovine viral infectious disease. But unfortunately, there has not been an overall study over this subject in Korea so far. Therefore, a study was conducted to see serum antibodies to bovine leukosis, food and mouth disease, bovine viral diarrhea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in deer using the sera of farmed deer. As a result, two deer in a farms showed positive in bovine leukosis antibodies, using ELISA. For wild water deer, no antibodies were found for those diseases. As a result, it can be assumed that deer were relatively low rate of exposure to highly contagious disease such as viral bovine infectious disease in Korea. As this study was conducted over limited in number of subject and regions, continued study should be carried out in order to prevent and control the interspecies transmission in the future.

• 환경생물
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.474-482
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• 2019

자연수계 수산생물의 전염병 모니터링은 자연수계 및 양식 수산생물의 질병 관련성 및 상관관계 구명은 질병 발생 예방 및 확산 방지에 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 2018년 해구 64개소에서 어류 39종 977마리 및 갑각류 14종 287마리를 선정하여 총 1,264마리에 대하여 병원체 감염 여부를 조사하였다. 어류는 법정전염병 2종(VHS, RSIVD) 및 비법정전염병 3종(MABVD, HRVD, LCD)을 분석하고 갑각류는 법정전염병 6종(WSD, IHHN, TS, IMN, YHD, WTD)을 분석하였다. 조사한 모든 시료에서 전염병이 검출되지 않았지만, 우리나라에서 조사한 자연수계 수산생물이 무병하여 청정국 또는 청정지위 선언에 중요한 정보를 제공할 것이다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2018

Necroptosis is an emerging form of programmed cell death occurring via active and well-regulated necrosis, distinct from apoptosis morphologically, and biochemically. Necroptosis is mainly unmasked when apoptosis is compromised in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha. Unlike apoptotic cells, which are cleared by macrophages or neighboring cells, necrotic cells release danger signals, triggering inflammation, and exacerbating tissue damage. Evidence increasingly suggests that programmed necrosis is not only associated with pathophysiology of disease, but also induces innate immune response to viral infection. Therefore, necroptotic cell death plays both physiological and pathological roles. Physiologically, necroptosis induce an innate immune response as well as premature assembly of viral particles in cells infected with virus that abrogates host apoptotic machinery. On the other hand, necroptosis per se is detrimental, causing various diseases such as sepsis, neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic reperfusion injury. This review discusses the signaling pathways leading to necroptosis, associated necroptotic proteins with target-specific inhibitors and diseases involved. Several studies currently focus on protective approaches to inhibiting necroptotic cell death. In cancer biology, however, anticancer drug resistance severely hampers the efficacy of chemotherapy based on apoptosis. Pharmacological switch of cell death finds therapeutic application in drug- resistant cancers. Therefore, the possible clinical role of necroptosis in cancer control will be discussed in brief.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2023

This study aimed to find out the effect of vitamins on respiratory-related viral infections, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), through the literature reviews. From January 2000 to June 2021, the studies (cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, randomized control trials) related to vitamins (vitamin A, D, E, C, B₆, folate, and B₁₂) and COVID-19/severe acute respiratory syndrome/Middle East respiratory syndrome/cold/influenza were selected from the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane libraries and analyzed. The relationship between vitamins and virus-related respiratory diseases was identified. Through the review, 39 studies were selected on vitamin D, one study on vitamin E, 11 studies on vitamin C, and 3 studies on folate. Regarding COVID-19, 18 studies on vitamin D, 4 studies on vitamin C, and 2 studies on folate showed significant effects of the intake of these nutrients in preventing COVID-19. Regarding colds and influenza, 3 studies on vitamin D, 1 study on vitamin E, 3 studies on vitamin C, and 1 study on folate demonstrated that the intake of these nutrients significantly prevents these diseases. Therefore, this review suggested the intake of vitamins D, E, C, and folate is important for preventing respiratory diseases related to viruses, such as COVID-19, colds, and influenza. The relationship between these nutrients and virus-related respiratory diseases should be continuously monitored in the future.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2012

This study investigated the occurrence of honeybee diseases in Incheon area, at the point of great widespread of sacbrood disease in the country. Sixteen resident beekeeping apiaries; 3 native honeybee and 13 European honeybee apiaries were selected for this research. Over 20 adult bees were evenly collected from the most colonies of each apiary three times (March, June, November) within a year. In this work, 13 honeybee diseases including 7 viral diseases, 2 bacterial diseases, 2 fungal diseases, and 2 parasitic diseases were detected by preliminary inspections and PCR. As a result, viral infections were confirmed at 34 among 48 apiaries (70.8%) over the entire examination period. Parasitic diseases showed the highest detection rate of 45.8%, which are detected in 44 among 96 cases. In the seasonal prevalence, 30 cases (15.6%) of 7 pathogens were detected from 14 apiaries in March, 50 cases (24.0%) of 9 pathogens and 56 cases (26.9%) of 9 pathogens were detected from all apiaries in June and November, respectively. Nosema was shown to be the most prevalent pathogen from March to November, followed by sacbrood virus (SBV) and stonebrood. The spread of SBV infection in Incheon would be under-estimated by the increasing of detection rate over the time. Especially, Chinese sacbrood virus was detected from 4 European honybee apiaries, but clinical symptoms were not found. No chalkbrood, acute bee paralysis virus, and chronic bee paralysis virus were detected in this study. The effective therapy and preventive measures should be prepared for beekeeping industry.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2013

인간면역결핍바이러스(Human immunodeficiency virus; HIV), B형 간염 바이러스(Hepatitis B virus; HBV), 그리고 C형 간염 바이러스(Hepatitis C virus; HCV)는 만성 감염질환을 일으키는 대표적인 바이러스들이다. 인체내 감염시 임상적 진행경과에 따른 바이러스 특이 T림프구의 항바이러스 기능변화 및 바이러스의 체내 지속성과 T림프구에 발현되는 다양한 면역인자(e.g., CD28, CD25, FoxP3, PD-1, CTLA-4)들과의 구체적인 상관관계는 최근 많은 국내외 연구진들을 통해 연구되고 있다. 그 중 FoxP3 (forkhead box P3), PD-1 (programmed death-1) 그리고 CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4)는 T림프구에서 발현되는 면역조절인자로 만성 바이러스성 감염시 그 발현이 증가되는 것으로 관찰되었으며, 항바이러스 작용을 가지는 T림프구의 기능결핍과 밀접한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 총설에서는 만성적인 HIV, HBV, 그리고 HCV 감염에서 바이러스 특이 T림프구에서 발현되는 FoxP3, PD1, 그리고 CTLA-4의 발현변화와 각 질환의 임상적 진행경과와의 상관성, 그리고 이들 발현이 T림프구의 항바이러스 기능에 미치는 영향 등을 중심으로 기술하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권7호
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• pp.245-250
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• 2015

Purpose: Wheezing following viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children <2 years of age is an important risk factor for the development of asthma later in life; however, not all children with viral LRTIs develop wheezing. This study investigated risk factors for the development of wheezing during viral LRTIs requiring hospitalization. Methods: The study included 142 children <2 years of age hospitalized for LRTIs with at least one virus identified as the cause and classified them into children diagnosed with LRTIs with wheezing (n=70) and those diagnosed with LRTIs without wheezing (n=72). Results: There were no significant differences in the viruses detected between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for potentially confounding variables including sex and age, the development of wheezing was strongly associated with parental history of allergic diseases (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 20.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.22-126.48), past history of allergic diseases (aOR, 13.95; 95% CI, 1.34-145.06), past history of hospitalization for respiratory illnesses (aOR, 21.36; 95% CI, 3.77-120.88), exposure to secondhand smoke at home (aOR, 14.45; 95% CI, 4.74-44.07), and total eosinophil count (aOR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01-1.02). Conclusion: Past and parental history of allergic diseases, past history of hospitalization for respiratory illnesses, exposure to secondhand smoke at home, and total eosinophil count were closely associated with the development of wheezing in children <2 years of age who required hospitalization for viral LRTIs. Clinicians should take these factors into consideration when treating, counseling, and monitoring young children admitted for viral LRTIs.

• 식물병연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.108-117
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• 2023

첨단 바이러스 진단 기술의 발달에 힘입어 최근 전 세계적으로 다양한 생물 시료로부터 신종 바이러스를 비롯한 바이러스 동정정보가 폭발적으로 보고되고 있다. 식물바이러스의 경우, 최근 3년간 약 376여 종의 신종 바이러스가 새롭게 보고되기도 하였다. 식물 바이러스병에 대한 국가별 또는 지역별 발생 정보 및 기주 범위에 대한 정보는 바이러스병의 진단, 검역 및 방제의 차원에서 매우 중요하다. 최근 국내에서도 식물 바이러스의 진단 및 동정에 대한 활발한 연구를 바탕으로 국내 신규 발생 바이러스 및 새로운 기주에 대한 많은 보고가 이루어졌다. 본 리뷰 논문에서는 2020년에서 2022년 사이에 국내에서 새롭게 보고된 식물바이러스 및 기주 식물에 대한 정보를 취합하여 제공함으로써, 국내 식물바이러스병의 진단, 방제 및 검역 연구에 도움이 되고자 한다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 1981

Japanese encephalitis has been prevalent for long time in the Far East and many patients have been reported in both South East and Mid-West Asia recently. Recently, vaccine was used in prevention of this viral disease of man which was derived from formalin inactivated virus inoculated into mouse brain, but live attenuated active vaccine for human is not developed yet. Author inoculated Japanese encephalitis virus into several cell culture strains for development of live attenuated encephalitis virus strain and the results were as follows: 1. Japanese encephalitis virus was inactivated rapidly in cell free medium at $36^{\circ}C$ and totally inactivated by 72 hours. 2. In growth curve of Japanese encephalitis virus in HeLa cell cultures, maximal multiplication of the virus was occured at 4th day and virus multiplication was continued for at least 12 days. 3. After succeeding passage of the virus in HeLa cell cultures and human esophagus epithelial cell cultures, infectivity of virus for mice was disappeared from 2nd passage in HeLa cell cultures and 3rd passage in esophagus epithelial cell cultures. 4. In inoculation to monkey kidney epithelial cells and chick embryo cell cultures, infectivity of the virus for mice was continued after 10th passages.