• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.4199-4202
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• 2015

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the major world health problems. Epigallocatechin-3 gallate is the major component of the polyphenolic fraction of green tea and it has an anti-viral, anti-mutagenic, anti-tumorigenic, anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative, and/or pro-apoptotic effects on mammalian cells. In this study, our aim was to investigate the inhibition of HBV replication by epigallocatechin-3 gallate in the Hep3B2.1-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Materials and Methods: HBV-replicating Hep3B2.1-7 cells were used to investigate the preventive effects of epigallocatechin-3 gallate on HBV DNA replication. The expression levels of HBsAg and HBeAg were determined using ELISA. Quantitative real-time-PCR was applied for the determination of the expression level of HBV DNA. Results: Cytotoxicity of epigallocathechin-3-gallate was not observed in the hepatic carcinoma cell line when the dose was lower than $100{\mu}M$. The ELISA method demonstrated that epigallocatechin-3 gallate have strong effects on HBsAg and HBeAg levels. Also it was detected by real-time PCR that epigallocatechin-3 gallate could prevent HBV DNA replication. Conclusions: The obtained data pointed out that although the exact mechanism of HBV DNA replication and related diseases remains unclear, epigallocatechin-3 gallate has a potential as an effective anti-HBV agent with low toxicity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3305-3308
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• 2013

Background: The role of inflammation in prostate diseases is suggested by the presence of inflammatory cells within the prostate in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) patients. In addition, bacterial and viral infection may lead to chronic and recurrent inflammation of the prostate. The human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a family of sexually transmitted viruses which have been implicated in the aetiology of cervical cancer and several other malignancies. This study evaluated the frequency of HPV infection in individuals with prostatic disease in Iran. Materials and Methods: The study included formalin fixed paraffin- embedded tissue samples of 196 primary prostate cases, including 29 PCa and 167 BPH samples. HPV DNA was purified and amplified through MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+ primers with nested PCR. All patients were interviewed using a questionnaire to collect demographic information. Results: Nested PCR showed that HPV DNA was found in 17.2 percent of PCa samples and 4.8 percent of BPH samples (not significant). Conclusions: Our data do not support a significant role of HPV infection in prostatic disease in Iranian patients, but demographic data indicated a probable association between presence of HPV DNA and risk of inflammation in prostate tissue which might lead to prostate carcinoma. Further studies are required to elucidate any roles of HPV infection in prostatic disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3381-3384
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• 2016

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a key factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). About 350 million people are affected by chronic infection which is related to the rapid development of liver diseases as well as hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) in the liver demonstrates a major genetic polymorphism which is involved in resistance or susceptibility to chronic HBV infection. Materials and Methods: In this study, two populations were studied by the sequence specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) method: HBV cases (n=409), who were HBS-Ag+, and healthy controls (n=483). Results: The results shown that the frequency of TNF-${\alpha}$ -308 G/G genotype in healthy controls (47.2%) was significantly higher than in HBV infected patients (28%) (CI = 1.29-2.61, OR = 1.83, P = 0.0004). Also TNF-${\alpha}$ -308 A/A and A/G genotype frequencies in the healthy controls were 4.6% and 48.2% and in patient group were 19.5% and 52.5% (CI = 2.23-7.12, p: 0.0001, OR: 3.94) respectively. Conclusions: We found that among Iranian people TNF-${\alpha}$ -308A allele not only has the highest genotype frequency but also it has the highest frequency in the world population. In addition, TNF-${\alpha}$-308 G/G polymorphism was associated with HBV resistance, whereas TNF-${\alpha}$-308A (A/A or A/G) polymorphism appeared to associated with chronic HBV infection. These data suggested that among the Iranian population, the -308 G/G polymorphism of TNF-${\alpha}$ gene promoter region has the potential to influence the susceptibility to HBV infection and it may be responsible for viral antigen clearance.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.262-267
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• 2007

Implantation of allografts has increased widely with not only the availability of many allogenic bone but also allogenic soft tissues. The aim of tissue banking is to provide surgeons with safe tissues compatible with their intended clinical application. The incidence of tissue transplant-transmitted infection is unknown and can only be inferred from prospective studies. The possibility of donor-to-recipient disease transmission through soft tissue transplantation can be considered by reviewing the risk associated with other transplanted hard tissues. Viral, bacterial, and fungal infections have been transmitted via transplantation of soft tissue allografts such as skin, cornea, dura, pericardium. fascia lata, and heart valves. Corneas have transmitted rabies, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), hepatitis B (HBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), bacteria, and fungi. Heart valves have been implicated in transmitting tuberculosis, hepatitis B. HIV-1 and CMV. CJD has been transmitted by dura and pericardium transplants. Skin has transmitted CMV, bacteria, and fungi. Cadaveric skin, pericardium, dura, and fascia lata have been used in dental patients with intra-oral soft tissue injuries and GBR. This study is review of the considering transmission of infectious disease in allogenic soft tissues and guidelines of reducing the risk. Prior to use, many tissues are exposed to antibiotics, disinfectants, and sterilants, which further reduce or remove the risk of transmitted disease. Because some soft tissue grafts cannot be subjected to sterilization steps, the risk of infectious disease transmission remains and thorough donor screening and testing is especially important.

• BMB Reports
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.191-205
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• 2020

The unexpected pandemic set off by the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has caused severe panic among people worldwide. COVID-19 has created havoc, and scientists and physicians are urged to test the efficiency and safety of drugs used to treat this disease. In such a pandemic situation, various steps have been taken by the government to control and prevent the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This pandemic situation has forced scientists to rework strategies to combat infectious diseases through drugs, treatment, and control measures. COVID-19 treatment requires both limiting viral multiplication and neutralizing tissue damage induced by an inappropriate immune reaction. Currently, various diagnostic kits to test for COVID-19 are available, and repurposing therapeutics for COVID-19 has shown to be clinically effective. As the global demand for diagnostics and therapeutics continues to rise, it is essential to rapidly develop various algorithms to successfully identify and contain the virus. This review discusses the updates on specimens/samples, recent efficient diagnostics, and therapeutic approaches to control the disease and repurposed drugs mainly focusing on chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine and convalescent plasma (CP). More research is required for further understanding of the influence of diagnostics and therapeutic approaches to develop vaccines and drugs for COVID-19.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2011

A case of aspergillosis in 39-day-old layer chickens having a history of gradual emaciation and subsequently death with nervous signs such as torticollis and lack of equilibrium was documented. Based on the results from serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, this flock was not affected with known viral or bacterial diseases. On postmortem examination of the affected birds, multiple white to yellow nodules measuring 1~5 mm in diameter were observed in the lungs, cerebrum, liver and kidney. Microscopically, these nodules were identified as granulomatous lesions characterized by mixed population of multinucleated giant cells and lymphocytes. By periodic acid-schiff staining and nucleotide sequencing analysis, Aspergillus flavus with characteristic septate and branched hyphae were identified in the granuloma of lung and cerebrum. This case was a chronic and multisystemic aspergillosis specialized to central nervous system caused by Aspergillus flavus infection in the layer flocks.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.47-50
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• 2014

Infection is the most important cause of death in children with nephrotic syndrome. Influenza viral infections can be fatal for these children, given the annual outbreak of this virus, with the mortality rate being similar to that of respiratory syncytial virus in healthy children. Pneumonia is recognized as the most important complication of influenza infections, as it is associated with high death rates. However, the influenza vaccine, as well as antiviral agents, can be used for prevention and treatment. Therefore, aggressive management with influenza vaccination and antiviral agents will lower the overall mortality rate in children with nephrotic syndrome. Here we report the case of a 7-year-old boy with nephrotic syndrome and influenza A virus (H1N1) pneumonia.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.435-440
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• 1990

Ten pigs infected with Aujeszky's disease virus (ADY) or hog cholera virus(HCV) were tested for the detection of virus antigens in frozens or paraffin-embedded sections by avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex(ABC) method. Tonsils, spleens, cerebra and buffy coats were examined for the immunohistochemical test. Where ADV antigen was detected by ABC, a dark brown deposit occurred in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of lymphocytes and macrophages, however, HCV antigen was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of the infected cells. ADV-positive cells were most frequently detected in tonsils and cerebra, whereas, HCV -positive cells were frequently observed in spleens. And buffy coat were also good for both virus detection. The results suggested that ABC method is considered as an excellent and reliable tool for confirmative diagnosis of these viral diseases.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.80-85
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• 2001

This study was carried out to examine tne incidences of virus diseases in lily plants cultivated in highland areas, and to develop an effective detection method. Viral symptoms on lilies in the highland areas were differentiated into mosaic, crinkle, mottle, stripe and line pattern. The distribution of symptoms on infected plants was 43.8% of mosaic, 29.2% of crinkle, and 10.9% of mottle symptoms. Six viruses such as Lily symptomless vires(LSV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Lily mottle virus (LMoV), Lily virus X (LVX, Potexvirus), Tabacco mosaic virus (TMV,Tobamovirus), and Tabacco rattle virus (TRV,Tobravirus) were detected from the infected lilies. Infection rate of Lilium oriental (cvs. Casablanca and Marcopolo) was 2~4 times higher than that of L. asiatic (cvs. Solemio and Prato). Virus detection on lilies by one-step RT-PCR (by using reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction simultaneously) was more rapid rapid and reliable than by the conventional RT-PCR method.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.289-293
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• 2001

Incidence of infectious viruses is ensuing throughout the world and threatening the health of children as well as adults. The outbreaks of viral diseases of alimentary tract in Pusan from 1998 to 2000 were detected. Viruses were isolated from stool specimens, cerebrospinal fluid and throat swabs from suspicious patients and confirmed by cell culture, latex agglutination test, indirect immunofluorescent test and electron microscopic observation. The average isolation rate was 12.5% from the suspected specimens. From this work, 2 cases of enteric adenoviruses, 23 cases of echovirus, 31 cases of coxsackivirus 36 cases of rotavirus, 45 cases of SRSV, and 7 cases of poliovirus were detected. The major serotypes of coxsackievirus were B2, B3, B4, B6 and echovirus of serotypes 6, 9, 11, 25, and 30 were examined. Two cases of enteric adenovirus type 41 were also confirmed. The incidence of SRSV was mostly concentrated between December through following March, April through October with echovirus and coxsackievirus, and January through April with rotavirus, respectively. Electron micrograph of negative-stained viruses showed typical appearance with 30-80 nm in diameter.