• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.19-34
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• 2010

This study aims to describe actual condition of residents' involvement of Sk$\"{a}$rk$\"{a}$ll ecovillage in Sweden by in-depth interviews with five residents. This study, hopefully, could contribute to offer useful information for forming ecovillage, as well as awakening about ecovillage movement to the public in Korea. The interviews were fulfilled during spring of 2010 in G$\"{o}$teborg and Sk$\"{a}$rk$\"{a}$ll ecovillage in Sweden. The results are as follows: 1) In terms of overall residents' involvement by self-evaluation everybody agrees with that residents' involvement was quite excellent during forming stage of the village, while it has been notably decreased now in running stage. It reveals there is a gap between ideology and reality. 2) Concerning decision making method, they use majority decision instead of consensus, since only 9 households of 20 are residing there all year around, it is hardly possible to assemble all the residents in the meeting. In Accordance with problematic conflicts in the village recently, development of socialization with others and education of communication skill for residents probably could be helpful to resolve conflicts among residents in long term. 3) In terms of evaluation of ecovillage movement in Sk$\"{a}$rk$\"{a}$ll ecovillage, it is the fact that many residents live less self-sufficiently, more energy consumed than the ideology pursuits. Also, they live with close connections with conventional society. Nevertheless, the efforts they are willing to practice 3R principles (Recycle, Reuse, Reduction) have to be highly respected, if we consider its educational influence to environmental movement for the conventional society.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2011

In this study, a total of 350 households contained 700 individuals in Iganzo village were surveyed to study their literate and poverty levels and their impacts to conservation of the Mbeya Range Forest Reserve. The study included 350 women and 350 men. The majority of respondents were between the ages of 31-40 years old (53%), while the rest were between 41-50 years old (25%) and 21-30 years old (22%). The total income per day per household was calculated and averaged to 4,570 Tanzanian shillings that is equal to about 3 U.S. dollars. The average number of members per household was seven. It was reported that, there is a tremendous decrease in biodiversity composition of the reserve mainly due to poverty (80%) and ignorance (76%) of the people on the importance of the reserve. Other causes for this decrease were reported to be grazing of livestock in the reserve (23%), poor farming systems (68%), which resulted in soil erosion, encroachment (64%) through expansion of farms towards the reserve boundary and charcoal burning (34%). Respondents from Mbeya Urban Water Supply Authority and District Forest Office mentioned lack of funds (49%) and lack of experts (56%) as challenges that face the conservation of the reserve. It was revealed that 25% of respondents had never gone to school, 53% had primary level of education as their highest level of education, 20% had secondary education and 2% had first degree. The null hypothesis that poverty and illiteracy have a positive correlation to forest degradation was accepted based on these findings at a probability of p>0.85. Thus, it was concluded that poverty and illiteracy among Iganzo village residents are the main causes for the degradation of biodiversity in Mbeya Range Forest Reserve.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.487-493
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the Happy Village Convergence Program on the depression, meaning of life and suicidal ideation in rural elderly women. The participants of this study were 25 elderly women aged 65 years or older in G province (12 experimental group and 13 control group). The data collected from January 10, 2019 to March 14, 2019. The experimental group participated in the 10-session program, once a week for 60 minutes. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2-test$, and t-test. There were significant differences in depression (t = -2.195, p <.05) and meaning of life (t = 2.757, p <.05) in the experimental group compared to the control group. Therefore, the program was effective in rural women. We propose further study to confirm the usefulness of the program by expanding the gender and area.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.314-319
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• 2019

Background: The dramatic worldwide decline in the butterfly species Leptalina unicolor (Bremer & Grey) is largely the result of continuous habitat decline and disturbance by humans. The discovery of a narrow habitat in riverside wetlands utilized by L. unicolor raises the hope that such restricted key areas could be rather easily protected. Results: Here, we explain the environmental variables and habitat characteristics that primarily influence the distribution of L. unicolor discovered at the riverside areas along the Geum River. L. unicolor larvae were found at 9 of 13 study sites, and their abundance was strongly positively correlated with plant biomass. Our investigation showed that among four plant species (Miscanthus sinensis, Spodiopogon cotulifer, Setaria viridis, and Imperata cylindrica), L. unicolor larvae were the most abundant on the leaves of M. sinensis. They were not abundant on the leaves of S. cotulifer, S. viridis, or I. cylindrica. Interestingly, the number of L. unicolor larvae was positively correlated with the coverage area ($m^2$) of M. sinensis (F = 41.7, $r^2=0.74$, P < 0.0001). Conclusions: It appears that water (e.g., wetlands, ponds, and watersides) located along the riverside areas along the Geum River is important for the constant maintenance and conservation of L. unicolor. This is based on the habitat characteristics (water preference) of M. sinensis, which is used as a habitat by L. unicolor larvae. However, the waterside is dry and terrestrialization is in progress owing to the decreased water levels and water supply caused by an opened weir. Hereafter, this area will likely require management to secure a stable habitat for L. unicolor.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 2022

The factors influencing landslide occurrence were analyzed for six points on the upper slope and the 24 points on the lower slope along a forest road around Sangsan village in Chungju, Korea, where landslides have occurred due to heavy rainfall. In terms of physico-mechanical properties of the soil layer, the lower slope seemed to loosen owing to the higher porosity, lower unit weight, and lower friction angle compared with the upper slope. With respect to topographic characteristics, the lower slope had thicker regolith, more concave profile and plan curvatures, lower slope angles, and higher topographic wetness index values than the upper slope. Therefore, all the properties (except for the slope angle) appear to make the lower slope of the forest road more vulnerable to landslides than the upper slope. Apart from the physico-mechanical and topographic characteristics, inadequate maintenance and management of drainage facilities are also considered as further major factors influencing landslide occurrence.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2010

The effects of low impact development (LID) techniques, such as green roofs and porous pavements, on the runoff and pollutant load from an apartment complex were simulated using the Site Evaluation Tool (SET). The study site was the Olympic Village, a preexisting apartment complex in Seoul, South Korea, which has a high percentage of impervious surfaces (approximately 72% of the total area). Using the SET, the effects of replacing parking lots, sidewalks and driveways (37.5% of the total area) having porous pavements and rooftops (14.5% of the total area) with green roofs were simulated. The simulation results indicated that LID techniques reduced the surface runoff, and peak flow and pollutant load, and increased the evapotranspiration and soil infiltration of precipitation. Per unit area, the green roofs were better than the porous pavements at reducing the surface runoff and pollutant loads, while the porous pavements were better than green roofs at enhancing the infiltration to soil. This study showed that LID methods can be useful for urban stormwater management and that the SET is a useful tool for evaluating the effects of LID on urban hydrology and pollutant loads from various land covers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.867-874
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• 2011

This paper describes the results of a survey aimed at characterizing smallholder pig production systems in northern Lao PDR. A total of 341 households from five Northern provinces were interviewed in the survey. Village meetings and individual interviews, using a semi-structured questionnaire, were used to collect information. Three main pig rearing systems, free-scavenging, semi-scavenging and confinement (enclosures and pens), were found in the survey areas. These systems were practiced differently by smallholders depending on the level of intensity of crop production, ethnicity and purpose of keeping pigs. The confinement system was mainly practiced by Lao-Tai and Tibeto-Burman groups, who mainly bought piglets and fattened these pigs for sale. In contrast, the Mon-Khmer and Hmong-Mien reared pigs in free-scavenging and semi-scavenging systems, and usually keep sows for piglet production. The main factors that affected the changes in rearing systems were found to be level of intensity of crop production, local regulations and outbreaks of disease. The main constraints found in smallholder systems were outbreaks of disease, high mortality of piglets and the slow growth rate of fattening pigs.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.114-122
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the landscape characteristics by making DEM, land use map, and the land cover map on the Odesan national park, and to suggest the method of visual management through the visibility analysis. In the change of land use district, the natural environment district decreased, the natural preservation district extended relatively. It means that the tendency of preservation was strengthened. However, the development possibility has increased by increase as for the area of the village district. In the land cover change, it appeared agriculture area and city area increase in the natural environmental district. The most area where visible frequency appeared highly belonged to the natural preservation district and forest region. However some areas belonged to the natural environmental area, and continuous landscape management was required.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.85-100
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to (1) identify socio-demographic, economic, village-effect variables that influence the late payment of the National Health Insurance contribution, (2) to develop the model to predict the probability of a household to make late payment of the contribution. Data is composed of information on 78,858 households, Gangnam branch, National Health Insurance Corporation, as of September 30, 2001. We analyzed the data by using multivariate logistic regressions. The major findings are as follows; (1) an older or female householder whose family consists of smaller number of members is more likely to pay the contribution late than others, (2) as for income, one who belongs to a lower income group or nm a private business tend to pay it late, (3) more attention should be paid to a householders who does not have his/her own house or automobile so as to prevent late payment, (4) lastly, those who live in villages such as Nonhyun-l-dong are less likely to pay the contribution prior to due date.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.31-39
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• 2011

The weakening of the traditional cultures is becoming more evident from the final quarter of the last century, a period of time where the world starts to look like a "small village" in all means. A substantial cause of cultural deterioration shows to be the growing use of information and communication technologies widening the views, mentalities, and perspectives of people. Today the adolescent groups frequently owning, utilizing and consequently being charmed by the electronic equipment such like computers, internet and cellular phones have developed a unique tradition/practice in sensing and meaning life triggering larger generation gap and fading of established cultures. The main focusing of the paper is on the correlation between computer and internet use and life satisfaction, level of hope, personal development assessments and expectations of the adolescent groups in Turkey. Interpretation of the survey findings indicates that this group grading highest in use of that shows to be the happiest, most hopeful and optimistic ones among other groups. Methodologically, the study is based on data analysis and a review of recent key literature. For more dependable results a further study comparing similar tendencies of the similar groups of other nationalities is recommended.