• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2002

This study attempts to grasp the correlation between the image of bridges and bridge landscapes with their surroundings during day and nighttime viewing, and to understand the psychological influence of nighttime lighting through quantitative analysis. In addition, it presents a design to construct bridges in order to increase viewers enjoyment of bridge landscapes lit at night. To attain this objective and contrive generalization of the results, this paper selects 8 of 9 bridges with lightings in Seoul and excludes bridges constructed by 2004. The criteria for selection of the viewpoints is that each must be within easy reach of bridges, and must allow viewers to recognize surrounding landscape details both in daylight and at night. As well, the pictures of bridges are taken in the terraced land by the riverside. The study selects 16 pictures, judged to be of similar quality and angle, to establish the conditions of luminosity, color, definition and angle. The results are as follows. First, viewers preferences of night landscapes are higher than day landscapes due to the effect of lighting. By day, viewers preferred bridges with various structures such as cable-stayed bridges and arch bridges more than simple bridges like girder bridges. Viewers also indicated preferences for lightings which feature a unique color and which are harmonized with their surroundings. Second, components representing the images of bridge landscape are classified into three types, 'beauty', 'system' and 'agreeableness'. Third, the factors affecting preference are the shape of bridge by day and lighting at night. Esthetic appeal is the most important factor in visual preference so each bridges own esthetic appeal and surroundings must be considered. Thus, a complete plan must be created which considers safety, beauty and the local surroundings. In addition, when the lighting of a bridge is selected, the design of the bridge landscape must consider various lighting schemes to harmonize the upper and lower parts of the structure. At this point, the study reveals the basic elements of bridge planning in order to increase appreciation of the bridge landscape.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.223-229
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• 1997

베레만의 4 * 4행렬방정식을 써서 액정판의 편광투과특성을 분석하는 프로그램을 개발하고, 이를 써서 액정셀과 편광판의 편광투과특성을 살펴보았다. 개발된 프로그램을 써서 정상백색 모우드의 꼬인 네마틱(TNLTwisted Nematic) 액정셀에서 시야각에 따른 명암대비의 변화를 보여주는 등고선을 그려내어 그 특성을 예측할 수 있었다. 또한 편광판의 투과특성은 입사각이 커짐에 따라 투과된 빛의 편광타원의 주축이 투과축 방향에서 벗어나며 타원도가 커지는 것이 밝혀졌는데, 이 결과는 액정표시소자의 명암대비가 액정판만이 아니라 편광판의 특성에 의해서도 제한될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.198.1-198.1
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• 2016

Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays have promising potential to replace liquid crystal displays (LCDs) due to their advantages of low power consumption, fast response time, broad viewing angle and flexibility. Organic light emitting materials are vulnerable to moisture and oxygen, so inorganic thin films are required for barrier substrates and encapsulations.[1-2]. In this work, the silicon-based inorganic thin films are deposited on plastic substrates by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) at low temperature. It is necessary to deposit thin film at low temperature. Because the heat gives damage to flexible plastic substrates. As one of the transparent diffusion barrier materials, silicon oxides have been investigated. $SiO_x$ have less toxic, so it is one of the more widely examined materials as a diffusion barrier in addition to the dielectric materials in solid-state electronics [3-4]. The $SiO_x$ thin films are deposited by a PECVD process in low temperature below $100^{\circ}C$. Water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) was determined by a calcium resistance test, and the rate less than $10.^{-2}g/m^2{\cdot}day$ was achieved. And then, flexibility of the film was also evaluated.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.101-120
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• 1991

The Subject of this research work is to study the driver's vision and eye-movement ch-aracteristics under the diffrent condiction of road traffic and driving. The analysis of this investigation was conducted spatially or temporaly into three parts'eye-mark distribution, viewing-time percentage and fixation duration. This dissertation focuses on analysis of dr-iver's visual characteristics to improve road circumstamces. In this study driver's ch-aracteristics are measured with eye-mark recorder and analyzed statistically The main features of this study are : 1st Duration distribution of fixation point is significant in 87% at 5% of the significant level in Gamma Distribution. The average of fixation duration by road are 0.33sec on streets 0.45sec on Roads and 0.86sec on highways. The average of fixation duration by visual objects are 0.4sec on road surface 0.26sec on road shoulder 0.49sec on traffic sign 0.37sec on warning sign and 0.67sex on gwide sign. 2st Moving anglrs of a fixation point are fit in the Exponential Distribution. The average moving angle is appeared to be 3.85。 on streets 2.81。 on roads 2.73。 on highway and 5 。 on intersecyion. 3st As a result of examining alignment of guide and warning sign in traffic signs cxisting foundation methods are less affected by lane than by apeed of a vehicle.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2004년도 Asia Display / IMID 04
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• pp.831-833
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• 2004

A novel transflective-type LC mode with good display performance has been developed In order to drive both transmissive and reflective modes simultaneously without any modulation of gamma in a single-gap structure, we have introduced a new design concept in the reflective region, where the capacitance is separated into liquid crystal($C_{LC}$} and organic layer($C_{OL}$), playing a key role as a voltage divider in our cap-divided VA-mode. With this cap-divided method having both merits of simplifying process and good legibility, we have achieved good optical characteristics such as high contrast ratio and wide viewing angle in a single-gap homeotropic panel design.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2004년도 Asia Display / IMID 04
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• pp.1049-1052
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• 2004

In general, contrary to the CRTs with impulsive emission, liquid crystal displays have motion artifacts such as blurring. ghost image, decrease of dynamic CR(contrast ratio), and stroboscopic motion due to hold type driving method. In this paper, to improve motion picture quality of LCDs. impulsive driving method of black data insertion was applied to the OCB mode which is well known for its fast LC response time and wide viewing angle properties. Subject evaluation was carried out with CRT, TN, SIPS(Super IPS). and impulsive driving OCB. Moving picture image quality near CRT was obtained in impulsive OCB driving mode

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.724-728
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• 2005

Electro-optic characteristics of reflective hybrid aligned liquid crystal (LC) cell driven by fringe field using a nematic LC with positive dielectric anisotropy have been studied. Optimized optical configurations are achieved by using a single polarizer, half-wave film and a cell with quarter-wave retardation. The simulation results shows an optimum cell retardation of $0.30{\mu}m$. This value may allow a practical cell gap larger than $3{\mu}m$, which makes it easy to control in the manufacturing process. Furthermore, this LC cell with optimized cell parameters shows low wavelength dispersion and the contrast ratio greater than 5 over exists about $100{\circ}$ in vertical direction and $160{\circ}$ in horizontal direction. Also, when using the LC with positive dielectric anisotropy rather than negative dielectric anisotropy, the display shows low power consumption and fast response time.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.278-285
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• 2007

Recently, plasma display panels (PDP) have become the most promising candidate in the market for large screen size flat panel displays. PDPs have many merits such as a fast display response time and wide viewing angle. However, there are still concerns about high cost because they require complex driving circuits composed of high power switching devices to generate various voltage waveforms for three operational modes of reset, scan, and sustain. Conventional PDP driving circuits use path switches for voltage separation and a scan switch to offer a scan voltage for reset and scan operations, respectively. In addition, there exist reset switches to initialize PDPs by regulating the wall charge conditions with ramp shaped pulses, which means the necessity of specific power devices for the reset operation. Because power for the plasma discharge accompanied by a large current is transferred to a panel via path switches, high power rating switches are used for path switches. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel low-cost PDP driving scheme achieved by not only eliminating path switches but also merging the function of reset switches into other switches used for sustain or scan operations. The simulated voltage waveforms of the proposed topology and experimental results implemented in a 42-inch panel to demonstrate the validity of using a new gate driver that merges the functions of power switches are presented.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2016

This study aims to suggest a new algorithm for detecting two-wheelers on road that have various shapes according to the viewing angle for vision based intelligent vehicles. This article describes a new approach to two-wheelers detection algorithm riding on people based on modified Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) using correlation coefficient (CC). The CC between two local area variables, in which one is the person riding a bike and other is its background, can represent correlation relation. First, we extract edge vectors using HOG which includes gradient information and differential magnitude as cell based. And then, the value, which is calculated by the CC between the area of each cell and one of two-wheelers, can be extracted as the weighting factor in process for normalizing the modified HOG cell. This paper applied the Adaboost algorithm to make a strong classification from weak classification. In this experiment, we can get the result that the detection rate of the proposed method is higher than that of the traditional method.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.362-366
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• 2006

OLEDs(Organic Light Emitting Diodes) are attractive as alternative display components because of their relative merits of being self-emitting, having large intrinsic viewing angle and fast switching speed. But because of their relatively short history of development, much remains to be studied in terms of their basic device physics and design, manufacturing techniques, stability and so on. We investigated electrical properties of N, N-diphenyl-N, N bis (3-methyphenyl-l,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD) and tris-8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum$(Alq_3)$ when their thicknesses were changed variedly from 3:7 to 5:5 of their thickness ratios. And we also studied properties of OLED depend on their deposition rate between $0.05{\sim}0.2$ nm/s.