• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.47-56
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• 2021

It is unavoidable for businesses, especially commercial banks, to compete with other firms and financial institutions in a globalized and internationalized world. Basel I, II, and III were developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision with the primary purpose of supporting banks in dealing with potential risks and enhancing their ability to absorb losses. Basel II and III require the minimum capital adequacy ratio (CAR) of 8% and 10.5%, respectively. This paper estimates the optimal CAR of 26 commercial banks in Vietnam from 2016 to 2020 using the two-stage DEA method. According to the empirical findings, banks with ideal CARs exceeding 8% (as defined by Basel II) and 10.5 percent (as defined by Basel III) account for approximately 98 percent and 88 percent of all banks, respectively. Furthermore, 75.83 percent of all banks need to boost their existing CAR to achieve the optimal level of CAR as well as obtain the best performance. On average, the optimal CAR of state-owned banks is higher than other joint-stock banks, respectively 26 percent and 19 percent. Consequently, it is recommended for Vietnam commercial banks to reach optimal CAR and comply with the new policy set by Basel III with the purpose of approaching the efficient frontier.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.21-31
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• 2020

Environmental pollution and climate change in Vietnam are now becoming a major concern. This situation is increasing the pressure on the companies to improve their social responsibility in production and business activities and disclose the environmental information to meet the requirements of stakeholders. This study investigates the internal and external factors of the company that affects the environmental information disclosure of listed companies on the Vietnam stock market as business sector, firm size, corporate manager perceptions, profitability, financial leverage, community pressure, pressures from stakeholders, government pressure influencing environmental information disclosure. Analytical data collected through the survey of 120 listed companies on the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange (HOSE). By testing Cronbach's Alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and logistic regression analysis, the results of the study show that the level of environmental information disclosure of listed companies on the stock market in Vietnam depends heavily on government regulations, followed by the pressure from stakeholders, community pressure, views of business managers, companies size, business sector, and particularly profitability and financial leverage factors that have a negative relationship with environmental information disclosure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.152-154
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• 2018

Inland Container Depot is regarded as an important link in the multimodal transport, contributing to reduce transportation costs, reduce the time saved at the port, with the main function of clearing domestic goods, empty containers and refrigerated containers, super cargo. Inland Container Depot has just used in the South of Vietnam in recent years which are starting in the business. In this paper, i want to research on the potential of dry ports including the development and effective for economic of Vietnam.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.93-116
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• 2018

Under feudalism, besides imploring investiture, tribute is said to be one of the two most typical activities at the core of diplomatic relations between China and the region, in particular, Vietnam and Japan. By using the comparative method and interdisciplinary approach, the author shows that there are many differences between Vietnam and Japan with regards to tribute activity with China during the feudal period. For example, the start and end of China's tributary activities with Vietnam and Japan are not the same. The period of Japanese tributary activity was much more loosened than Vietnam. Vietnamese tributary relation was political, while Japan placed economic benefits as the main priority. In particular, the author also proved that although Japan and China had differences in behavior and level of dependence on the tributary activity of Vietnam, both Vietnam and Japan maintained independence and autonomy. Based on the historical, cultural, and geographical characteristics, as well as the position and force correlation of each country in relation to China, this article also explains the causes of these similarities and differences.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.89-110
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• 2021

The Ramayana is a very popular epic in Southeast Asia. It is the story of King Rama who must save his kidnapped wife, Sita. After Sita was abducted by the Demon King Ravana (Tosakanth) and taken to Lanka, Rama and his brother rescued her with the help of the monkey warriors, especially with the help of the Monkey King Hanuman. Along the way, the epic teaches Hindu life lessons. Today The Ramayana is told and retold through literature, theatre, orally, in movies, and is referenced in many other forms of popular culture. Nowadays, in Thailand, Ravana and Hanuman deconstruct the role of divine and become folk deities that also find their places in calendar art, advertising and stamps, etc. And in Vietnam, Ravana and Hanuman have become the two figures that can't be absent from Southern Vietnam Khmer ceremonies. In this article, our aim is to show how Ravana and Hanuman became symbols of popular culture (case studies in Thailand and Vietnam). The data provided in this article is drawn from field surveys with reliable reference resources.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.5-13
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this article is to test the link between growth of loan distribution and Bank Valuation in Vietnam's banking sector. At the same time, the study also compared the differences in the effect of growth of loan to valuation bank in banks of different sizes, ownership rates and bank values. Research design, data and methodology: With panel data estimation techniques along with robust standard error for a sample of the banks listed on Vietnam stock exchange from 2012 to 2019. Results: Growth of loan has a positive impact on Bank Valuation (by Tobin's Q). A closer investigation provides evidence for the differential valuation effect of loan growth depending on different features of banks. Specifically, loan growth is found positively and significantly associated with Bank Valuation in small and non-state-owned banks only. Besides, bank size, deposit, and return on equity are found negatively associated with Tobin's Q, while loan loss provisions exhibit a positive relation with this measure of Bank Valuation. Conclusions: These findings provide contributions to the literature on the existence of the effect of loan growth on Bank Valuation. At the same time, the study also provides practical implications for policy makers in banks and investors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2008.12a
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• pp.147.1-147.1
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• 2008

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.1104-1116
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated the potential of using sediment bioelectrochemical systems (SBESs) for in situ treatment of the water and sediment in brackish aquaculture ponds polluted with uneaten feed. An SBES integrated into a laboratory-scale tank simulating a brackish aquaculture pond was established. This test tank and the control (not containing the SBES) were fed with shrimp feed in a scheme that mimics a situation where 50% of feed is uneaten. After the SBES was inoculated with microbial sources from actual shrimp pond sediments, electricity generation was well observed from the first experimental week, indicating successful enrichment of electrochemically active bacteria in the test tank sediment. The electricity generation became steady after 3 weeks of operation, with an average current density of $2.3mA/m^2$ anode surface and an average power density of $0.05mW/m^2$ anode surface. The SBES removed 20-30% more COD of the tank water, compared to the control. After 1 year, the SBES also reduced the amount of sediment in the tank by 40% and thus could remove approximately 40% more COD and approximately 52% more nitrogen from the sediment, compared to the control. Insignificant amounts of nitrite and nitrate were detected, suggesting complete removal of nitrogen by the system. PCR-DGGE-based analyses revealed the dominant presence of Methylophilus rhizosphaerae, Desulfatitalea tepidiphila and Thiothrix eikelboomii, which have not been found in bioelectrochemical systems before, in the bacterial community in the sediment of the SBES-containing tank. The results of this research demonstrate the potential application of SBESs in helping to reduce water pollution threats, fish and shrimp disease risks, and thus farmers' losses.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.1195-1204
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• 2020

Tourism is not only a cultural service but also a resource consuming industry. Landscape function framework is a powerful tool to show the relationship between nature and people. This study collects 50 documents around the world to analyze the relationship between the 4 functional groups of the landscape (regulatory functions, production and supply functions, resident functions, information and entertainment functions) and the tourism industry. On that basis, we created an establishment for practical contact analysis of the goods and services of the landscape for tourism development in Moc Chau plateau, Vietnam. Research results show that tourism is an economic sector that benefits from the landscape and has a clear resource orientation. Moc Chau plateau has rich tourism resources and has the conditions to develop various types of tourism, especially cultural tourism based on community and resort tourism. The two cultural functions and the providing functions are the two most important functional groups for the tourism development of Moc Chau district, bringing the two most important tourism icons for Moc Chau, a green steppe, cool milk benevolent and also a district rich in national culture. From these conclusions, the authors give recommendations and notable points about landscapes in the tourism industry, especially in places with topography like Moc Chau.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.563-567
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• 2013

An ocular Toxocara canis infection is reported for the first time in Vietnam. A 34-year-old man residing in a village of Son La Province, North Vietnam, visited the National Eye Hospital (NEH) in August 2011. He felt a bulge-sticking pain in his left eye and loss of vision occurred over 3 months before visiting the hospital. The eye examination in the hospital showed damage of the left eye, red eye, retinal fibrosis, retinal detachment, inflammation of the eye tissues, retinal granulomas, and a parasitic cyst inside. A larva of Toxocara was collected with the cyst by a medical doctor by surgery. Comparison of 264 nucleotides of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA was done between our Vietnamese Toxocara canis and other Toxocara geographical isolates, including Chinese T. canis, Japanese T. canis, Sri Lankan T. canis, and Iranian T. canis. The nucleotide homology was 97-99%, when our T. canis was compared with geographical isolates. Identification of a T. canis infection in the eye by a molecular method was performed for the first time in Vietnam.