• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.864-871
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• 2006

With the advancement of the digital broadcasting and popularity of Internet, there is an increasing demand for digital data. Recently, several studies have been made on the digital watermarking for copyright protection of digital data. We propose a blind video watermarking using minimum modification of motion vectors. Conventional methods based on motion vectors do watermarking using modification of motion vectors. However, change of motion vectors results in the degradation of video quality. Thus, our proposed algorithm minimizes modification of the original motion vectors to avoid degradation of video quality using simple embedded conditions. Besides, our scheme guarantees the amount of embedded watermark data using the adaptive threshold considering the human visual characteristic. In addition, this is compatible with current video compression standards without changing the bitstream. Experimental result shows that the proposed scheme obtains better video quality than other previous algorithms by about $0.5{\sim}1.0\;dB$.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.120-123
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• 2003

In this paper, a digital watermarking scheme whichis effective in protecting a copyright of video image under an image transformation and impulse noise is proposed. The proposing scheme is to use a coded watermark that insert the personal ID of copyrighter. The recovery ability is improved by the coded watermark. Also the coded watermark is abel to trace the illegal distributors. Binary image is used as watermark image, the value of PSNR and recovered rates of watermark are obtained in order to confirm the required invisibility and robustness in watermark system. The experimental results show that image quality is less degraded as the PSNR of 98.21 ㏈. It is also observed that excellent watermark recovery is achieved under the image transformation and impulse noise.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.8
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• pp.579-588
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• 2013

This paper proposes an effective watermarking approach for copyright protection of fire video images. The proposed watermarking approach efficiently utilizes the inherent characteristics of fire data with respect to color and texture by using a gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering. GLCM is used to generate a texture feature dataset by computing energy and homogeneity properties for each candidate fire image block. FCM is used to segment color of the fire image and to select fire texture blocks for embedding watermarks. Each selected block is then decomposed into a one-level wavelet structure with four subbands [LL, LH, HL, HH] using a discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and LH subband coefficients with a gain factor are selected for embedding watermark, where the visibility of the image does not affect. Experimental results show that the proposed watermarking approach achieves about 48 dB of high peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and 1.6 to 2.0 of low M-singular value decomposition (M-SVD) values. In addition, the proposed approach outperforms conventional image watermarking approach in terms of normalized correlation (NC) values against several image processing attacks including noise addition, filtering, cropping, and JPEG compression.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.1347-1358
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• 2008

A blind video watermarking scheme for providing safety, authenticity, and copyright protection is proposed in this paper, which is robust to MPEG-4 SVC and multimedia transcoding. In proposed method, embedding and detecting of watermark is performed based on base layer with considering spatial SVC. To be robust from temporal SVC, our method embeds repeatedly a permutated character with ordering number per one frame. Also for robustness from multimedia transcoding and FGS, the method is embedded watermark in low middle frequency of each frame adaptively based on DCT in ROI. Through experimental results, invisibility of the watermark is confirmed and robustness of the watermark against the spatial SVC, temporal SVC, FGS and video transcoding between MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 SVC is also verified.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.1050-1057
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• 2020

Immersive 360-degree media has a problem of slowing down the video recognition speed when the video is processed by the conventional method using a variety of rendering methods, and the video size becomes larger with higher quality and extra-large volume than the existing video. In addition, in most cases, only one scene is captured by fixing the camera in a specific place due to the characteristics of the immersive 360-degree media, it is not necessary to extract feature information from all scenes. In this paper, we propose a reference frame selection method for immersive 360-degree media and describe its application process to copyright protection technology. In the proposed method, three pre-processing processes such as frame extraction of immersive 360 media, frame downsizing, and spherical form rendering are performed. In the rendering process, the video is divided into 16 frames and captured. In the central part where there is much object information, an object is extracted using an RGB vector per pixel and deep learning, and a reference frame is selected using object feature information.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.2741-2761
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• 2017

With the purpose of copyright protection for digital video, a novel H.264/AVC watermarking algorithm based on JND model is proposed. Firstly, according to the characteristics of human visual system, a new and more accurate JND model is proposed to determine watermark embedding strength by considering the luminance masking, contrast masking and spatial frequency sensitivity function. Secondly, a new embedding strategy for H.264/AVC watermarking is proposed based on an analysis on the drift error of energy distribution. We argue that more robustness can be achieved if watermarks are embedded in middle and high components of $4{\times}4$ integer DCT since these components are more stable than dc and low components when drift error occurs. Finally, according to different characteristics of middle and high components, the watermarks are embedded using different algorithms, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed watermarking algorithm not only meets the imperceptibility and robustness requirements, but also has a high embedding capacity.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.1279-1284
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• 2009

With the advance of multimedia technology, multimedia sharing among multiple devices has become the main issue. This allows users to expect the peer-to-peer distribution of unprotected and protected contents over public network. Inevitably, this situation has caused an incredible piracy activity and Web sites have begun to provide copyrighted A/V data for free. In order to, protect the contents from illegal attacks and distribution, digital right management (DRM) is required. In this paper, we present the minimal cost scrambling scheme for securing the copyrighted multimedia using the data encryption standard (DES) encryption technique. Experimental results indicate that the proposed scrambling techniques achieve a very good compromise between several desirable properties such as speed, security, and file size.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.575-581
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• 2010

With widespread use of the Internet and improvements in streaming media and compression technology, digital music, video, and image can be distributed instantaneously across the Internet to end-users. However, most conventional Digital Right Management are often not secure and not fast enough to process the vast amount of data generated by the multimedia applications to meet the real-time constraints. The SVC offers temporal, spatial, and SNR scalability to varying network bandwidth and different application needs. Meanwhile, for many multimedia services, security is an important component to restrict unauthorized content access and distribution. This suggests the need for new cryptography system implementations that can operate at SVC. In this paper, we propose a new scrambling encryption for reserving the characteristic of scalability in MPEG4-SVC. In the base layer, the proposed algorithm is applied and performed the selective scambling. And it encrypts various MVS and intra-mode scrambling in the enhancement layer. In the decryption, it decrypts each encrypted layers by using another encrypted keys. Throughout the experimental results, the proposed algorithms have low complexity in encryption and the robustness of communication errors.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.16B no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2009

As content serviced for IP set-top boxes is streamed over IP network, the existing hacking tools for IP network can be used to capture the streamed content. Until recently, most of the content serviced on IP set-top boxes has been MPEG-2 TS. However, this content will be gradually moved to WMV, MPEG-4 or H.264 because of the relatively low compression efficiency and overhead of the TS packet. In this paper, we propose a DRM scheme other than WMRM for streamed WMV content. Our approach is to design a DRM scheme independent to the existing WMV streaming system. We also design this scheme in order to provide the feature for controlling the DRM processing time considering device performance. We verified it through the experiment.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.939-947
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• 2019

With the revitalization of the media market, the necessity of compression, searching, editing and copyright protection of videos is increasing. In this paper, we propose a method to detect scene change in all these fields. We propose a pre-processing, feature point extraction using SIFT, and matching algorithm for detecting the same scene change even if distortions such as resolution change, subtitle insertion, compression, and flip are added in the distribution process. Also, it is applied to filtering technology and it is confirmed that it is effective for all transformations other than considering transform.