• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.297-306
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• 2020

The aims of the present study were to confirm that regulation of the PA and environment via TGF-β regulation of sperm by Percoll-separated in porcine uterine epithelial cells. And, it was performed to identify the cytokines (TGF-β1, 2 and 3, TGF-β receptor1 and 2; interleukin, IL-6, IL-8) and PA-related genes (urokinase-PA, uPA; tissue-PA, tPA; PA inhibitor, PAI; uPA-receptor, uPAR) by spermatozoa. The experiment used porcine uterus epithelial cells (pUECs) and uterine tissue epithelial cells, Boar sperm were separated by discontinuous Percoll density gradient (45/90%), and tissues were co-incubated with spermatozoa, followed by real-time PCR. PA activity was measured of sperm by discontinuous Percoll density gradient (45/90%) for 24 hours. To measure viability and acrosome damage of sperm double stained propidium iodide (PI) and SYBR-14 or FITC-PNA were used. In results, binding ratio of Percoll-separated sperm was found no differences, but sperms isolated from 90% Percoll layer reduced PA activity (p < 0.05). when co-cultured sperm selected Percoll in porcine uterus tissues epithelial cells, 90% layer sperm increased TGF-β R1, contrastively tPA and PAI-1 in comparison with control (p < 0.05). 45% sperm was decreased the expression of uPA (p < 0.05). TGF-β decreased PA activity in the supernatant collected from pUECs (p < 0.05). Especially, The group including uPA, PAI-1 were induce sperm intact, while it was reduced in sperm damage when compared to control (p < 0.05). Also, there was no significant difference group of tPA and tPA+I in the dead sperm and acrosome damage compared to control. The expression of tPA and PAI showed a common response. Percoll-separated spermatozoa in 90% layer reduced tPA and IL-related gene mRNA expression. Thus, Percoll-sparated sperm in 90% layer show that it can suppress inflammation through increased expression of TGF-β and downregulation of PA and IL in epithelial cells compared to 45% layer Percoll.

• 한국양봉학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2017

Slow Bee Paralysis Virus (SBPV)는 꿀벌 그리고 뒤영벌의 병원성 바이러스로써, 벌의 앞발을 마비시킴으로 폐사를 야기한다. 본 연구는, 뒤영벌에서 빠르게 SBPV 검출하고자 SBPV 특이 초고속 PCR법을 개발한 것을 보고하는 것이다. SBPV 특이 초고속 PCR은 제반 조건을 최적화한 후, $1.0{\times}10^8$ 분자의 SBPV 특이 유전자의 존재를 3분 35초 만에 인식할 수 있었으며, 최소 $1.0{\times}10^1$ 분자의 DNA까지 정량적으로 측정할 수 있었다. 한편, 국내외에서 생산된 뒤영벌을 시료로 SBPV 특이 초고속 역전사 PCR을 시행하였으며, 수입된 뒤영벌과 국내생산 뒤영벌 1종에서 SBPV가 존재함을 보일 수 있었다. 국내 처음으로 뒤영벌에서의 SBPV의 존재를 확인한 것이다. SBPV 특이 유전자 초고속 역전사 PCR법은 실험실 내에서 뿐만 아니라 현장에서 정량적 검출을 하기에 유용한 방법이 될 것이며 더 나아가 뒤영벌 수출입을 위한 검역 기준을 이용하여 집단적 발병 방지에 기여하기를 기대한다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.662-669
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• 2021

Objective: Effects of linseed oil (LO) supplementation on the fat content and fatty acid profile of breast meat, and the expression of three genes in the liver, breast muscle and fat tissues of commercial 154-day-old hybrid male turkeys were investigated. Methods: The animals in the control group were fed a commercially available feed and received no LO supplementation (n = 70), whereas animals in the LO group (n = 70) were fed the same basic diet supplemented with LO (day 15 to 21, 0.5%; day 22 to 112, 1%). The effect of dietary LO supplementation on fatty acid composition of breast muscle was examined by gas chromatography, and the expression of fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) genes was analysed by means of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: The LO supplementation affected the fatty acid composition of breast muscle. Hepatic FADS2 levels were considerably lower (p<0.001), while adipose tissue expression was higher (p<0.05) in the control compared to the LO group. The PPARγ expression was lower (p<0.05), whereas IGF1 was higher (p<0.05) in the fat of control animals. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in FADS2, PPARγ, and IGF1 gene expressions of breast muscle; however, omega-6/omega-3 ratio of breast muscle substantially decreased (p<0.001) in the LO group compared to control. Conclusion: Fatty acid composition of breast meat was positively influenced by LO supplementation without deterioration of fattening parameters. Remarkably, increased FADS2 expression in the liver of LO supplemented animals was associated with a significantly decreased omega-6/omega-3 ratio, providing a potentially healthier meat product for human consumption. Increased PPARγ expression in fat tissue of the LO group was not associated with fat content of muscle, whereas a decreased IGF1 expression in fat tissue was associated with a trend of decreasing fat content in muscle of the experimental LO group.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2004

계면활성제로 이용되는 난분해성 4-t-Octylphenol에 대하여 목질분해균인 큰이빨버섯과 좀구멍버섯을 선발하여 농도별 저항성 시험을 한 결과 좀구멍버섯은 200 ppm 이상의 농도에서 14일 내에 완전 균사생장(8.5 cm in petri dish)에 도달하며 큰이빨버섯은 농도의 증가에 따라 서서히 제한적인 생장을 하였다. 분해능 조사에서 좀구멍버섯은 배양 1일째 초기 투입된 4-t-Octylphenol의 95%를 분해하였으며, 큰이빨버섯은 36%의 분해능을 나타내었고 두 균주 모두 3일 이후에는 95%이상 분해하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분해과정에서 좀구멍버섯은 4-t-Octylphenol 첨가에 의하여 MnP 유도효과가 있었으나 laccase는 두 균주 모두 첨가하기 전에 최고의 역가를 나타냈다. 4-t-Octylphenol 및 분해산물이 MCF-7 세포증식에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과 좀구멍버섯 및 큰이빨버섯 처리에 의한 분해산물의 생물학적 반응성이 하루 이후에 완전히 감소하였다. 또한, MCF-7 세포의 pS2 유전자의 발현은 처리 1일 후, 배지만 첨가한 무처리군과 동일한 양으로 감소하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.967-975
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• 2022

Kombucha mutualistic community (KMC) is composed by acetic acid bacteria and yeasts, producing fermented tea with health benefits. As part of the BIOlogy and Mars EXperiment (BIOMEX) project, the effect of Mars-like conditions on the KMC was analyzed. Here, we analyzed metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of the Komagataeibacter, which is a predominant genus in KMC, to understand their roles in the KMC after exposure to Mars-like conditions (outside the International Space Station) based on functional genetic elements. We constructed three MAGs: K. hansenii, K. rhaeticus, and K. oboediens. Our results showed that (i) K. oboediens MAG functionally more complex than K. hansenii, (ii) K. hansenii is a keystone in KMCs with specific functional features to tolerate extreme stress, and (iii) genes related to the PPDK, betaine biosynthesis, polyamines biosynthesis, sulfate-sulfur assimilation pathway as well as type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system, quorum sensing (QS) system, and cellulose production could play important roles in the resilience of KMC after exposure to Mars-like stress. Our findings show the potential mechanisms through which Komagataeibacter tolerates the extraterrestrial stress and will help to understand minimal microbial composition of KMC for space travelers.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 평창의 주요 농산물인 메밀의 새로운 수요를 창출하고 부가가치를 높이고자 음료 개발을 시도하였으며, 영양성분 조사 및 동물실험을 통한 약리적 효능을 검정하였다. 영양성분분석에서는 일반적인 성분검사로서 특별한 점이 발견되지는 않았으나 동물실험에서 밝혀진 효능검사는 타타리메밀로 만든 당절임 추출음료가 짧은 기간의 실험임에도 불구하고 혈중 LDL 콜레스테롤의 수치를 낮추고, HDL 콜레스테롤의 수치를 올려주어 혈중 total lipid를 낮추는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 타타리메밀을 이용한 음료는 혈중 지질의 개선을 통해 순환기 질환에 효과를 줄 수 있다는 가능성을 제시하였다. 하지만 제품화하여 메밀의 새로운 수요창출 및 부가가치를 높이기 위해서는 장기적인 동물실험 및 제품이 갖추어야 할 조건에 대한 관능검사를 다양한 연구가 다음 단계에서 이루어져야 한다. 본 논문에서는 타타리메밀 전초와 싹을 이용한 당절임 추출음료의 개발 가능성과 영양성분 및 기능적 효과를 밝혔다는 것에 의의가 있다. 이것은 다양한 용도의 접근 가능성을 제시하는 동시에 메밀의 다양한 수요방법을 창출할 수 있기에 농가의 부가가치를 향상시킬 수 있는 방법이 될 것이라 생각된다. 또한 타타리메밀을 이용한 당절임 추출음료가 새로운 건강식품이 될 수 있음을 전망하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.69-95
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• 2023

In order to evaluate the effects of ARG sources (arginine [ARG] and Guanidinoacetic acid [GAA]) and phenylalanine (PHE) supplementation on performance, susceptibility to ascites, intestinal morphology, and nutrient digestibility in the cold-stressed broilers fed a canola meal (CM)-based diet, a 2×2 factorial experiment with four treatments was conducted. The dietary treatments included CM-based diet + 2.57 g/kg ARG, CM-based diet + 2.57 g/kg ARG + 1.5 g/kg PHE, CM-based diet + 1.8 g/kg GAA and CM-based diet + 1.8 g/kg GAA + 1.5 g/kg PHE. The corn-CM diet without supplementation was used as a negative control (NC) group in the fifth treatment that excluded the factorial arrangement. The results showed that adding ARG to diets without PHE supplement increased (p < 0.05) feed intake. Also, birds fed diets containing ARG had higher (p < 0.05) body weight gain (BWG) compared to those fed GAA added diets. Supplementation of PHE improved (p < 0.05) the FCR compared to groups fed diets without added PHE. Further, ARG addition increased (p < 0.05) plasma nitric oxide (NO) concentration, carcass, breast and leg yields, duodenal, jejunal, and ileal villus height (VH) to crypt depth (CD, and dry matter digestibility, while decreasing (p < 0.05) ascites mortality and right ventricle (RV) to total ventricle (TV) ratio compared to GAA added groups. Supplementation of PHE also declined susceptibility to ascites by reducing (p < 0.01) RV to TV ratio while increasing (p < 0.05) plasma NO level. The digestibility of ether extract also increased (p < 0.05) in broilers fed GAA supplemented diets versus those fed ARG added diets. The findings suggested that ARG may improve BWG and lower ascites incidence in broilers fed a diet based on CM under cold stress because of its antihypertensive effects. Moreover, the findings of this study demonstrated the importance of including PHE formulation in ARG-deficient diets to attenuate the adverse effects of cold stress on broilers. It was also concluded that GAA could be efficaciously used in cold-stressed broilers fed an ARG-deficient diet.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2023

본 연구는 기능성 식품의 개발을 위해 갈색거저리 유충 유래 추출물에서 새로운 생리활성 펩타이드를 확인하는 것이다. 동결건조된 T. molitor 유충에서 다양한 용매로 시간에 따라 추출하였다. T. molitor 유충 추출 결과 물 추출물에서 5시간과 10시간에서 총 단백질과 고형분 함량당 각각 가장 높은 2,2,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 활성을 보였다. 물 추출물을 메탄올 농도에 따라 분획하였을 때, 높은 메탄올 농도는 상등액 중에 고분자량 단백질의 수준을 감소시키는 반면, 상등액의 DPPH 활성 수준을 증가시켜 저분자량 펩타이드가 항산화 활성을 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 유기용매 분배에서 부탄올을 제외한 유기 용매 분배에서 물층에서 유사한 활성을 보였다. 유기용매분획물을 열처리 후 활성이 28~44% 감소하여 열에 대한 불안정한 성분이 존재하는 것으로 추정되었다. 물 추출물에 프로테아제 K를 첨가하면 DPPH 활성이 10~20% 증가하여 전체 단백질에서 방출되는 펩타이드가 항산화 활성을 부분적으로 증가시켰음을 알 수 있다. 그러므로, T. molitor 유충 추출물은 항산화제로써 기능을 수행할 수 있는 물질이 존재하는 것으로 제의할 수 있다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 1985

An immunoassay may be defined as an analytical procedure involving the competitive reaction between a limiting concentration of specific antibody and two populations of antigen, one of which is labelled or immobillized. The advent of immunoassay has revolutionised our knowledge of reproductive physiology and the practice of veterinary and clinical medicine. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was the first of these methods to be developed, which meausred the analyte with good sensitivity, accuracy and precision (1,2). The essential components of RIA are:-(i) a limited concentration of antibodies, (ii) a reference preparation, and (iii) an antigen labelled with a radioisotope (usually tritium or iodine-125). Most procedures invelove isolating the antibody-bound fraction and measuring the amount of labelled antigen. Good facilities are available for scintilltion counting, data reduction nd statistical analysis. RIA is undergoing refinement through:-(i) the introduction of new techniques to separate the antibody-bound and free fractions which minimize the misclassification of labelled antigen into these compartments, and the amount of non-specfic binding. (3), (ii) the development of non-extration for the measurement of haptens (4), (iii) the determination of a, pp.rent free (i.e. non-protein bound) analytes (5), and (iv) the use of monoclonal antibodies(6). In 1968, Miles and Hales introduced in important new type of immunoassay which they termed immunora-diometric assay (IRMA) based on t도 use of isotopically labelled specific antibodies(7) in a move from limited to excess reagent systems. The concept of two-site IRMAs (with a capture antibody on a solid-phase, and a second labelled antibody to a different antigenic determinant of the analyte) has enabled the development of more sensitive and less-time consuming methods for the measurement of protein hormones ovar wide concentration of analyte (8). The increasing use of isotopic methos for diverse a, pp.ications has exposed several problems. For example, the radioactive half-life and radiolysis of the labelled reagent limits assay sensitivity and imposes a time limit on the usefulness of a kit. In addition, the potential health hazards associated with the use and disposal of radioactive cmpounds and the solvents and photofluors necessary for liquid scientillation counting are incompatable with the development of extra-laboratory tests. To date, the most practical alternative labels to radioisotopes, for the measurement of analytes in a concentration > 1 ng/ml, are erythrocytes, polystyrene particiles, gold sols, dyes and enzymes or cofactors with a visual or colorimetric end-point(9). Increased sensitivity to<1 pg/ml may be obtained with fluorescent and chemiluminescent labels, or enzymes with a fluorometric, chemiluminometric or bioluminometric end-point. The sensitivity of any immunoassay or immunometric assay depends on the affinity of the antibody-antigen reaction, the specific activity of the label, the precision with which the reagents are manipulated and the nonspecific background signal (10). The sensitivity of a limited reagent system for the measurement of haptens or proteins is mainly dependent upon the affinity of the antibodies and the smalleest amount of reagent that may be manipulated. Consequently, it is difficult in practice to improve on the sensitivity obtained with iodine-125 as the label. Conversely, with excess reagent systems for the measurement of proteins it is theoretically possible to increase assay sensitivity at least 1000 fold with alternative luminescent labels. To date, a 10-fold improvement has been achieved, and attempts are being made to reduce the influence of other variables on the specific signal from the immunoreaction.

• 분석과학
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2007

식품중 설폰아마이드계 동물용의약품 11종을 분석하기 위하여 고속액체크로마토그라피를 이용하여 동시분석을 시도하였다. 대상물질은 설파클로로피리다진(SCP), 설파디아진(SDZ), 설파디메톡신(SDM), 설피속사졸(SSX), 설파메라진(SMZ), 설파메타진(SMT), 설파메톡사졸(SMX), 설파메톡시피리다진(SMP), 설파모노메톡신(SMM), 설파퀴녹살린(SQX) 및 설파치아졸(STZ)이었다. 대상식품은 축산식품인 소고기, 돼지고기, 닭고기, 우유 및 계란 5품목이었으며, 전국 6대도시인 서울, 부산, 대전, 인천, 목포, 강릉에서 수집하였다. 시료에 인산나트륨 및 아세토니트릴을 가하여 균질화한 후 핵산을 가하여 추출하고 고속액체크로마토그라피로 분석하였다. 이동상으로는 5 mM 제1인산칼륨용액(pH 3.25)과 메탄올의 혼합용액을 100:0에서 30:70까지 그래디언트로 사용하였으며 UV의 검출파장은 270 nm이었다. 평균 회수율은 75~95%이었으며, 검출한계는 신호대 잡음비 3 이상에서 대상물질에 따라 최저 SMT 0.004에서 최고 STZ 0.007 mg/kg로 나타났다. 대부분의 시료에서 설폰아미이드계 동물용의약품은 검출되지 않았으나, 소고기(2시료)에서 설파모노메톡신이 각각 0.03, 0.06 mg/kg 수준으로 검출되었으며 잔류허용기준 이하로 평가되었다.