• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 1999

To use of the precise scientific name of the genus Hypomesus from Korea, taxonomic revison of the genus Hypomesus was studied based on the specimens collected at 11 sites of the reservoirs and estuaries from Korea. The most population of the Hypomesus nipponensis was taken the pneumatic duct that connected between the anterior part of swim bladder and stomach. The number of pyroric caeca of the specimens was zero to five. The number of chromatophore at isthmus was fifty to one hundred. And authors were confirmed with the membrane structure across the nasal cavity. Then, we think that the scientific name of the pond-smelt at Korea is Hypomesus nipponensis by these characters. The Yangyang population that have the sixty-two to sixty-three of vertebrae, was confirmed with H. japonicus.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.255-259
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• 2014

Physical activity could be considered one of the factors that affect the immune system status and function. To find the relation between exercise and cytokines, we examined the possible effects of an 8-week endurance training program on the serum levels of cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interferon-gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) in sedentary men. A total of 30 healthy young male volunteers were randomly divided into an endurance training group and a control group. The training group followed a specific exercise protocol (running on a treadmill for 15~30 min at 50~70% maximal heart rate) for 8 weeks and the control group did not participate in any exercise program. Venous blood samples were collected from both the groups 24 h before and 24 h and 48 h after the exercise. Repeated ANOVA was used for statistical purposes. The serum levels of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IFN-${\gamma}$ were determined by ELISA. Significant (p<0.05) and non-significant (p>0.05) decreases were observed in the serum levels of IFN-${\gamma}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$, respectively, after the 8-week endurance training program. Our findings indicated that an 8-week endurance exercise may affect the serum levels of some inflammatory cytokines, suggesting the beneficial role of this training protocol in elderly population and people with certain conditions (inflammation of the vertebrae or other inflammatory diseases).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.264-279
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• 2002

Objective : Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL) is considered kind of degenerative disease usually found in the cervical vertebrae. Most of cases of OPLL have radiculopathy, myelopathy or both of them such as neck pain, numbness, myatonia. These symptoms seems to be similar with those of HIVD(Herniated intervertebral disc), sprain, spondylosis of C-spine. Lost of patients who have those symptoms are visiting oriental medicine hospital, clinic so we thought that making differential diagnosis, treating and prognosing might be needed with acupuncture, Herb medication. Methods : We examined the 3 patients of OPLL who visited Dong-in-dang Oriental Medicine Hospital from 1st November 1999 to 1st February 2002. We treated patients of OPLL with Oriental Medicine care (Acupuncture, Herb medication, Negative treatment) based on oriental diagnosis of neck pain(項强痛), numbness(痺證), myatonia. Results : clinical grade of 3 cases was all Gr III. After treated with oriental medical care, 2 cases were evaluated poor, I cases were evaluated fair and resulted in Clinical grade II. Conclusions : Treating OPLL with oriental medical carte was very difficult to palliate symptoms, to stop progress of OPLL. We might need to reconsider oriental medical care as conservative treatment for OPLL.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.46-60
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• 2011

A taxonomic review of 6 genera and 10 species in the family Ophichthidae was carried out based on specimens from the adjacent waters of Korea. The number of vertebrae distinguished the species of each genus: Ophisurus macrorhynchos (201~209), Ophichthus rotundus (178~183), Pisodonophis zophistius (179~182), P. cancrivorus (153~164), Echelus uropterus (152~158), Muraenichthys gymnopterus (155~156), Ophichthus evermanni (150~154), Brachysomophis porphyreus (137~148), Ophichthus urolophus (135~138), Ophichthus asakusae (124~134). Snout length in head length distinguished the 6 genera: Ophisurus (27.2~31.2), Echelus (18.0~27.7), Ophichthus (12.3~21.5), Pisodonophis (16.5~20.8), Muraenichthys (11.4~11.9), Brachysomophis (9.1~9.4). A key to the 6 genera and 10 species of the family Ophichthidae from the adjacent waters of Korea is provided.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2015

A natural hybrid of a probable intergeneric mating between the striped shiner Pungtungia herzi and the stone morocco Pseudorasbora parva (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) was captured in the Geumho River, a tributary of the Nakdong River basin in Korea. Morphological characters and DNA sequences were analyzed to verify its hybrid state and identify the parentage of its parent species. The hybrid exhibited a phenotypic intermediacy between the two parent species in the number of vertebrae and the mouth shape. Out of 1,488 base pair (bp) positions of the nuclear recombination activating gene 1 gene (rag1), which has a biparental mode of inheritance, 41-bp substitutions were detected between the two parent species, whereas an electropherogram of the hybrid displayed polymorphic double peaks at all of the base positions, along with one additional one, strongly indicating its hybrid state. Meanwhile, sequence comparison of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (mt-cyb) (1,140 bp), which has a maternal mode of inheritance, showed only 5-22-bp differences (97.6-99.5% identities) between the hybrid and Pu. herzi, but as many as 158-168-bp differences (85.2-86.1% identities) between the hybrid and Ps. parva, clearly indicating Pu. herzi as the maternal species. Thus, combined analyses of independent data sets (i.e., morphology and nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences) offered convincing evidence for the hybrid state of a naturally occurring hybrid resulting from intergeneric mating between a female Pu. herzi and a male Ps. parva.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.99-114
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to introduce the Chuna Manual Therapy (CMT) using Bong (a type of stick which is called 'bong') as a part of Oriental Medicine. Methods : We searched several traditional methods of CMT using Bong, either individual contact to specialist of CMT using Bong or referred to publications, and summarized briefly for introduction. Authors also made a comparative study between existing CMT and CMT using the bong. Results & Conclusions : The indications of Bong CMT are regarded as acute or chronic pain syndrome, whiplash associated disorders, facet syndrome, vertebral misalignment, chronic fatigue syndrome, obesity and also lower extremity length difference caused by malalignment of vertebrae and pelvic bone. The Meridian Muscle Therapy by pressing down using the Bong can be carried out on the imbalances of the muscle by shortening and lengthening contraction. CMT with Bong is considered more effective than other existing CMT in terms of effectiveness. In the case of pelvic correction which needs a tremendous amount of force, it can reduce the force required effectively. This fact can be inferred by the theory of composition and decomposition of force during the transmission of power. We can perform Bong CMT feeling less fatigued subsequently than general CMT. Pressing down with flexed fingers to grip bong acts on the contraction of flexor digiti and extensor digiti muscle, this protects the $doctor^{\circ}{\emptyset}s$ wrist joints from injury. The bong which acts as a tool between the doctor and the patient, while being given treatment, absorbs and spreads out the direct impact from the patient to the doctor. CMT with Bong is able to apply to both existing massage therapies with the hand. The bong appliance can be used in all applications, particularly, but not limited to; Orthopedic and Manual Correction Therapy, Meridian Muscle Pressing, Exercise Therapy, and Meridian Point Manual Pressing Therapy. CMT with Bong belongs to the category of oriental rehabilitation and Chuna manual medicine.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.93-98
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• 2010

Purpose: To investigate temporal changes in IL-1${\beta}$ mRNA expression in spinal dorsal horn (DH) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in a rat lumbar disc herniation (LDH) model. Methods: Autologous nucleus pulposus, harvested from the tail disc between the second and third coccygeal vertebrae (Co2-3), was implanted next to the left L5 nerve root just proximal to the DRG after partial laminectomy. IL-1${\beta}$ mRNA expression was investigated in DRG and DH in our LDH model. Real-time PCR assays were done using a 7500 Real Time PCR system (Applied Biosystems, USA). Results: Expression of IL-1${\beta}$ in DRG and DH was observed for 30 days postoperatively. Expression of IL-1${\beta}$ mRNA in the ipsilateral DRG of the LDH group gradually increased from 5 to 30 days after surgery. The amount of IL-1${\beta}$ in the contralateral DRG peaked 10 days after surgery and then gradually decreased. However, there was no difference in IL-1${\beta}$ mRNA expression in spinal DH between the LDH group and the sham-operated group. Conclusion: Long-term expression of IL-1${\beta}$ in the LDH model may worsen the chronic pain state. Future studies on inhibition of IL-1${\beta}$ expression in the LDH model will be needed to develop selective treatment strategies for patients with LDH.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.244-249
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• 2000

This study was conducted to obtain data for identification of species among elvers of anguillids, Anguilla japonica and A. anguilla and A. rostrata implanted in Korea for culture. The longer predorsal length and the fewer number of vertebrae distinguished elvers of A. rostracta from those of A. anguilla and A. japonica. A. japonica and A. anguilla were well discriminated each other in the statistical value of preanal length which the former showed shorter distance. It was remarked phylogenetically that the morphological changes according to growth in head and predorsal length of A. rostrata was different from other two species. So the elvers of A. japonica, A. anguilla and A. rostrata culturing in Korea can be distinguished by the vertebral counts, predorsal and preanal length.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.258-260
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• 2017

The morphomeristic features of Gadus macrocephalus was compared using fish samples from Jinhae Bay in the South Sea and Boryeong in the Yellow Sea, Korea. In total, 332 individuals were sampled from 2 locations to investigate the differences in the morphomeristic features and determine applicability of it as a means of stcok discrimination of G. macrocephalus. No significant differences in the number of vertebrae, 1st to 3rd dorsal-fin soft rays, 1st and 2nd anal-fin soft rays, pectoral-fin soft ray, pelvic-fin soft ray, and gill raker were found between two populations from Jinhae Bay and Boryeong. The results of present study revealed that morphomeristic features of G. macrocephalus was not applicable for stock discrimination.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.415-424
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• 2012

Four species of ophichthid leptocephali were identified using 12S rDNA sequences, and their morphological descriptions were first provided based on six individuals (S1-S3,M1, and E1-E2) collected from the East Sea and the Korea Strait between September 2008 and October 2010. Mitochondrial 12S rDNA 859-861 base pairs of ophichthid leptocephali were compared with those of 16 ophichthids adult and 2 outgroups (Anguilla japonica and Conger myriaster). Leptocephali of S1 and E1 were very closely clustered with adult of Scolecenchelys borealis (D=0.002) and Echelus uropterus (D=0.000), respectively. However, leptocephali of S2-S3 andM1 were slightly far clustered with leptocephalus of S1 (D=0.006) and adult of Muraenichthys gymnopterus (0.034), respectively. We believe that S1 and E1 are S. borealis and E. uropterus, respectively, in which the former is unrecorded species in Korea. However, S2-S3 and M1 may be undescribed species belonging to genus Scolecenchelys and Muraenichthys, respectively, because total numbers of myomeres for S2-S3 (148-158) and M1 (151) were not consistent with total numbers of vertebrae or distribution for any adult of Scolecenchelys spp. and Muraenichthys spp. in the world. We propose the new Korean name 'Dong-hae-mul-baem' for S. borealis.