• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.897-910
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• 2012

Inappropriate communications can cause a lack of necessary information exchange between operators and lead to serious consequences in large process systems such as nuclear power plants (NPPs). In this regard, various kinds of taxonomies of inappropriate communications have been developed to prevent inappropriate communications. However, there seems to be difficult to identify inappropriate communications from verbal protocol data between operators. Because the existing taxonomies were developed for use in report analysis, there is a problem of 'uncertainty'. In consequence, this paper proposes a new taxonomy of inappropriate communications and provides some insights to prevent inappropriate communications. In order to develop the taxonomy, existing taxonomies for four industries from 1980 to 2010 were collected and a new taxonomy is developed based on the simplified one-way communication model. In addition, the ratio of inappropriate communications from 8 samples of audio-visual format verbal protocol data recorded during emergency training sessions by operating teams is compared with performance scores calculated based on the task analysis. As a result, inappropriate communications can be easily identified from the verbal protocol data using the suggested taxonomy, and teams with a higher ratio of inappropriate communications tend to have a lower performance score.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.111-134
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• 2009

Today many owners of Web sites are looking to user's satisfaction survey as a key means of measuring the usability of a Web site. While it is preferred for it simplicity and ease of use, this survey method is not without potential risks. This paper focuses on showing that the existing practice of questionnaire-based usability measurement is subject to human recall errors, and that such flaws can be reduced when the questionnaire survey is followed by the users hands-on experience of the site. An empirical study was conducted, and the results indicate that the above speculation holds true. Even if respondents felt highly confident about their responses on a recall survey, a hands-on experience with a focal Web site increased the extent to which the respondents were satisfied with the shopping mall site. This indicates that a user's perception of the quality of a Web site may be distorted or lost as time goes by. In addition, the findings have shown that the use of the verbal protocol analysis method can reveal critical information that can help track the root causes of Web site usability problems, thereby helping to develop site enhancement strategies. The paper concludes with directions for future research.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1269-1280
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the verbal interaction during elementary students' hypothesis generation learning. For this study, 32 6th graders were selected and were assorted into heterogeneous small-groups by achievement levels. The topics of hypothesis generation learning were developed by analyzing the current elementary school curriculum. Each group's verbal interactions were audio/video taped and transcribed. After coding the protocol and having student retrospective interview, types and frequency of verbal interaction were analyzed. The frequency of verbal interaction during observation was highest and that of questioning situation identification was lowest. Regarding to the quality of verbal interactions, low level interactions were significantly frequent during observation. On the other hand, hypothetical explicans generation revealed high frequency of high level interactions. The results revealed that elementary students can make high level verbal interactions through hypothesis generation learning.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was done to develop a pain management protocol for nursing home patients with dementia and to examine effects of the protocol on pain assessments and interventions by the nurses and on pain relief signs in the patients. Method: The six steps in the protocol development and the examination of effect are outlined. Three rounds using the Delphi technique and one group pretest-posttest design experiment were developed. Design issues, such as sample selection and sample size, are addressed in relation to the study protocol. Results: After implementation of the pain management protocol, there were significant changes nursing actions including frequency of number of physical examinations, utilization of pain assessment tools, and request to doctors for discomfort management and there were significant changes in frequency in the number of verbal and physical expressions of pain, and emotional patterns. Conclusion: This is the first pain management protocol for patients with dementia in Korea. However, more study will be needed to determine the methodological strength and necessary revisions for the protocol.

• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.294-304
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• 2008

Verbal Protocol Analysis(이하 VPA)와 Repertory Grid(이하 RG)를 활용하여 구매 전문가의 지식을 온톨로지로 구축하여 활용할 수 있는 방법론 제시하였다. VPA를 활용하여 전문가의 생생한 지식을 실제와 거의 유사하게 구어체의 문서로 표현하고, 다시 RG를 이용하여 온톨로지로 표현하는 절차와 세부 방안을 구축하였다. 본 연구의 방법을 활용하여 지식 온톨로지를 구축하면 전문가의 암묵적 지식을 실제와 가깝게 상호운영이 가능한 구조화된 지식으로 표현 할 수 있고 나아가 표현된 지식의 다양한 활용이 가능해 진다. 이와 같이 전문가의 암묵지를 실제와 가깝게 표현하고 이를 재활용 가능한 형태로 구조화할 수 있다는 것은 지식의 표현, 축적 그리고 활용을 위해서 매우 중요한 의미가 있다고 할 수 있다. 한편, 본 연구의 방식대로 표현된 구매 전문가의 지식 온톨로지에 대해 현장 전문가가 이를 평가하여 본 연구에서 제안하는 내용의 의미적 가치와 우수성을 검증하였다.

• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.58-64
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• 2007

Verbal Protocol Analysis(이하 VPA)와 Repertory Grid(이하 RG)를 활용하여 전문가 지식의 온톨로지를 구축하는 방법론을 제안하였다. VPA를 활용하여 전문가의 생생한 지식을 실제와 거의 유사하게 구어체의 문서로 표현하고, 다시 RG틀 이용하여 온톨로지로 표현하는 절차와 세부 방안을 구축하였다. 본 연구의 방법을 활용하여 지식 온톨로지를 구축하면 전문가의 암묵적 지식을 실제와 가깝게 상호운영이 가능한 구조화된 지식으로 표현 할 수 있고 나아가 표현된 지식의 다양한 활용이 가능해 진다. 이와 같이 전문가의 암묵지를 실제와 가깝게 표현하고 이를 재활용 가능한 형태로 구조화할 수 있다는 것은 지식의 표현, 축적 그리고 활용을 위해서 매우 중요한 의미가 있다고 할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.49-63
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• 2004

In this study. differences in attention allocation patterns between expert and novIce pilots were investigated by a verbal protocol when pilots were engaged in a task during the instrument flight. Ten pilots including experts and novices were participated to conduct a pre-determined task(a fix-to-fix) on F-5E Cockpit Procedure Trainer Simulator. Experts show better performance as expected with more stable variations in speed. altitude. and attitude. In attention allocation patterns. novices allocated about 83% of attentional resources on the primary instruments (airspeed indicator. altitude indicator. and attitude) relating to the task of the basic flight while experts spent 57%. This difference in the availability of attentional resources allowed expert pilots to accomplish the task better than novices. In other words. training a pilot should consider a program for building up wider instrument scanning patterns to become an expert in a shorter time.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.95-101
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• 2018

Objective: To determine if the provision of visual biofeedback using real-time rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) enhances the acquisition and retention of diaphragm muscle recruitment during exercise. Design: Two group pretest posttest design. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects were randomly assigned to the verbal feedback group (VG, n=15) or the visual and verbal feedback group (VVG, n=15). The VG performed breathing exercises 10 times with verbal feedback, and the VVG also performed breathing exercises 10 times with verbal feedback and visual feedback with the use of RUSI to measure changes in diaphragm thickness (DT). For DT, the mid-axillary lines between ribs 8 and 9 on both sides were measured in standing, and then the chest wall was perpendicularly illuminated using a linear transducer with the patients in supine to observe the region between rib 8 and 9 and to obtain 2-dimensional images. DT was measured as the distance between the two parallel lines that appeared bright in the middle of the pleura and the peritoneum. After one week, three repetitions (follow-up session) were performed to confirm retention effects. Intra- and between- group percent changes in diaphragm muscle thickness were assessed. Results: In the VVG, the intervention value had a medium effect size compared to the baseline value, but the follow-up value decreased to a small effect size. In the between-group comparisons, during the intervention session, the VVG showed no significant effect on percent change of DT but had a medium effect size compared to the VG (p=0.050, Cohen's d=0.764). During the follow-up session, retention effect did not persist (p=0.311, Cohen's d=0.381). Conclusions: RUSI can be used to provide visual biofeedback and improve performance and retention in the ability to activate the diaphragm muscle in healthy subjects. Future research needs to establish a protocol for respiratory intervention to maintain the effect of diaphragmatic breathing training using RUSI with visual feedback.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.217-224
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• 2001

Graphic thinking for the idea sketches brings about variations between abstract realm and concrete one, and between conceptual realm and perceptual one. When design information is projected to the thinking process, some images are generated, and transformed. We reviewed the sketching devices for computerization to deal with a lot of design data in the computing environment. The LCD Tablet can be a substitute for the Pen & Paper to get rid of irksome tasks at handling the design data. Using a protocol analysis technique, we examined the influences of different design information, which is consisted of verbal concepts and/or visual images, and abstract information and/or concrete one. The findings show that there are no significant differences of influences between verbal/visual information and abstract concrete information at the conceptual design. These facts support that graphic thinking process is progressed with the perceptual and mental image.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.366-378
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• 2000

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients have chronic metabolic disorder and they need self care for their lifetime. But most Diabetes Mellitus patients don't know how to do a self care due to the lack of adequate support from health care professionals. It has been reported that lack of exercise therapy compliance guide is very important one. This study was conducted to develop an exercise therapy protocol applied to an efficacy expectation promoting program based on Bandura's self efficacy model for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Firstly, a conceptual framework was developed through efficacy expectation promoting Program based on Bandura's self efficacy model. In order to identify the contents of program and to design a preliminary protocol, a with the consultation experts was made. A clinical validity was tested using twenty type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients who received follow-up care regularly through the diabetic out-patient clinic from October, 1998 to May, 2000. After this process, the final protocol was developed. The results of this study are summarized as bellows : The final exercise therapy protocol applied to an efficacy expectation promoting program for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients consists of individualized exercise test and prescription, a small booklet relating personal experience with Diabetes Mellitus and a telephone coaching program for 12 weeks on performance accomplishment, vicarious experience and verbal persuasion, which are all induction modes of efficacy expectation. It is concluded that the exercise therapy protocol applied to an efficacy expectation promoting program is applicable to type 2 diabetes mellitus. And this exercise therapy protocol could show a positive effect on the exercise compliance of Diabetes Mellitus patients.