• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.273-282
• /
• 2013

The present study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of Korean Red Ginseng extract (KRG) on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac injury in rats, particularly in regards to electrocardiographic changes, hemodynamics, cardiac function, serum cardiac enzymes, components of the myocardial antioxidant defense system, as well as inflammatory markers and histopathological changes in heart tissue. ISO (150 mg/kg, subcutaneous, two doses administered at 24-hour intervals) treatment induced significant decreases in P waves and QRS complexes (p<0.01), as well as a significant increase in ST segments. Moreover, ISO-treated rats exhibited decreases in left-ventricular systolic pressure, maximal rate of developed left ventricular pressure ($+dP/dt_{max}$) and minimal rate of developed left ventricular pressure ($-dP/dt_{max}$), in addition to significant increases in lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and creatine kinase activity. Heart rate, however, was not significantly altered. And the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were decreased, whereas the activity of malondialdehyde was increased in the ISO-treated group. ISO-treated group also showed increased caspase-3 level, release of inflammatory markers and neutrophil infiltration in heart tissue. KRG pretreatment (250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively) significantly ameliorated almost all of the parameters of heart failure and myocardial injury induced by ISO. The protective effect of KRG on ISO-induced cardiac injury was further confirmed by histopathological study. In this regard, ISO treatment induced fewer morphological changes in rats pretreated with 250 or 500 mg/kg of KRG. Compared with the control group, all indexes in rats administered KRG (500 mg/kg) alone were unaltered (p>0.05). Our results suggest that KRG significantly protects against cardiac injury and ISO-induced cardiac infarction by bolstering antioxidant action in myocardial tissue.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
• /
• 제55권4호
• /
• pp.181-188
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to predict the defibrillation success of a ventricular Fibrillation ECG signal using time-frequency analysis. During CPR, coronary perfusion pressure and electrocardiogram were measured. Parameters extracted from time-frequency domain were served as predictor of resuscitation success. Time frequency distribution(TFD) of ECG signals was estimated from the smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution(SPWVD). Median frequency, peak frequency, 1/f slope, frequency band ratios$(2{\sim}4Hz,\;4{\sim}6Hz,\;6{\sim}8Hz,\;8{\sim}10Hz,\;10{\sim}12Hz,\;12{\sim}15Hz)$ were extracted from each TFD as function of time. Paired t-test was used to determine the differences in ROSC and non-ROSC groups. In the statistical results, we selected four significant parameters - median frequency, 1/f slope, $2{\sim}4Hz$ band ratio, $8{\sim}10Hz$ band ratio. We made an attempt to predict defibrillation success by combining features extracted from time frequency distribution. Independent t-test was used to determine the differences ROSC and non-ROSC groups. Consequently, we selected four significant parameters-median frequency, 1/f slope, $2{\sim}4Hz$ band ratio, $8{\sim}10Hz$ band ratio. The relationship between coronary perfusion pressure and ECG parameters was analyzed with linear regression analysis. R-square value was 55%. 1/f slope and $8{\sim}10Hz$ band ratio had the significant relationship with coronary perfusion pressure.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제35권11호
• /
• pp.1191-1198
• /
• 2011

심실보조장치는 말기 심부전환자에게 심장이식수술 없이 1 년 생존율을 25%에서 52%까지 증가 시킬 수 있는 유일한 장치이다. 하지만 심실보조장치 이식 후 1 년이 이내에 사망하는 원인 중 기기의 고장으로 인한 사망률이 6%를 차지하기 때문에 심실보조장치의 고장이 환자의 심장 움직임과 혈류 역학적인 상태에 영향을 주지 않는 새로운 방법이 필요하다. 기존의 심실보조장치는 원심형, 축심형으로 혈액을 박출해 주는 방식이어서 동맥압 보다 박출하는 압력이 낮을 때 혈액의 역류가 일어나는 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 박출 압력이 약할 때, 2 개의 밸브에 의하여 혈액의 역류를 방지하고 관형태의 구조에 의해 혈액의 정체량을 줄일 수 있는 새로운 박동형 관형 심실보조장치를 개발하였으며, 체외실험과 동물실험으로 박출량과 펌프의 압력을 측정하여 그 특성을 평가하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제38권12호
• /
• pp.971-974
• /
• 2014

심실보조장치는 심장질환자에게 심장이식까지의 가교로서 사용된다. 공압식 박동형 심실보조장치를 체내에 이식했을 때, 심실보조장치를 통과하는 혈류가 느려질 경우 혈전이 발생할 수 있기 때문에 박출량을 측정하는 것이 중요하다. 심실보조장치의 박출량을 측정하기 위해 각종 센서를 함께 이식할 경우, 감염의 위험성이 커지기 때문에 본 연구에서는 체외에서 측정할 수 있는 공압관 내 압력을 통해 심실보조장치의 상태를 추정하고자 한다. 체외실험을 통해 공압식 박동형 심실보조장치의 공압관 내 차동압력과 심실보조장치 박출량의 상관관계를 계산하였다. Pearson correlation coefficient r=0.623 으로 두 값의 상관관계가 높으며, 박출량 추정값과 측정값에서 오차가 있었지만 공기 분자의 이동에 따른 식을 개발하여 박출량 추정의 정확성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제40권8호
• /
• pp.552-557
• /
• 2007

배경: B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)는 심실 심근 세포에서 생성되는 심장 호르몬이며, 울혈성 심부전, 심실비대증, 심근염, 심장이식 후 거부반응 때 증가하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 심장이식 후 거부 반응의 예측 인자로서의 BNP의 역할에 대해 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 심장이식을 받은 10명의 환자를 대상으로 하여 2004년 1월부터 2005년 8월까지 BNP측정값, 심내막 생검을 통한 거부반응, 혈역학적 지표, 심초음파 검사 결과 등을 조사하였으며, 57예의 BNP 측정값의 중간값인 290 pg/mL를 기준으로 하여 Low BNP (n=28, $BNP{\le}290$ pg/mL)군, High BNP (n=29, BNP>290 pg/mL)군으로 나누어 거부반응의 정도, 좌심실구혈률, 삼첨판막 폐쇄 부전, 좌심실비대, 폐동맥쐐기압, 평균 폐동맥압, 우심방압을 후향적으로 비교 분석하였다. 결과: BNP값의 차이에 따른 양 군 간심내막생검에 따른 거부반응의 정도, 좌심실구혈률, 삼첨판막 폐쇄 부전, 좌심실비대, 우심방압은 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 그러나, High BNP군에서 폐동맥쐐기압, 평균 폐동맥압이 Low BNP군보다 높았으며(p<0.05), BNP 측정값은 폐동맥쐐기압과 의미 있는 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.590, p<0.001). BNP 측정값 620 pg/mL를 기준으로 했을때, 폐동맥쐐기압은 83.3%의 민감도와 91.1%의 특이도를 보이며 12 mmHg보다 높은 값을 보였다(AUC: $0.900{\pm}0.045$, p<0.001). 결론: 심장이식 후 BNP 측정값은 거부반응의 정도와 의미 있는 상관관계를 보이지는 않았으나, 심실의 이완기 불능 상태를 평가하는 유용한 지표가 될 수 있다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
• /
• 제51권3호
• /
• pp.286-293
• /
• 2019

고혈압(hypertension, HTN)은 지속적으로 혈압이 높은 상태를 의미하는 것으로 주요 만성 질환 중 하나이다. 좌심실 비대(left ventricular hypertrophy, LVH)는 좌심실의 질량이 증가된 상태이며, 고혈압은 좌심실 비대의 대표적인 원인이다. 고혈압과 좌심실 비대는 환경적 요인과 유전적 요인이 상호작용하여 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 고혈압에 영향을 미치는 유전적 요인 중 SLC8A1의 다형성이 염분에 민감하게 반응하는 고혈압과 관련이 있다는 것이 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 SLC8A1에서 유전적 다형성을 한국 유전체 역학 조사 사업을 기반으로 추출하였다. 그런 다음 고혈압과 좌심실 비대에 대해 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 실시하였다. 수축기 혈압과 이완기 혈압에 대한 선형 회귀 분석도 실시하였다. 그 결과, 5개의 SNP가 고혈압과 통계적으로 유의한 연관성을 보였고, 10개의 SNP가 좌심실 비대와 통계적으로 유의한 연관성을 보였다. rs1002671, rs9789739는 고혈압과 좌심실 비대에서 동시에 유의한 상관관계를 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 SLC8A1 유전자의 다형성이 한국인에게 고혈압 및 좌심실 비대의 발병과 연관되어 있음을 의미한다. 우리는 이러한 결과를 통하여 고혈압과 좌심실 비대에 대한 발병기전을 이해하는 데에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.173-187
• /
• 2007

Objectives : In order to verify the cardiovascular hemodynamic function of Kammaegdaejo-tang, the experiment was performed in the rats. Methods : Twelve hearts removed from male Sparague-Dawley rats weighing between 250g and 300g were perfused by the Langendorff technique with modified 37 Krebs-Henseleit's buffer solution at a constant perfusion pressure. They were randomly assigned to one of two groups, supplied with either normal saline or Kammaegdaejotang administration. Heart rate, left ventricular pressure, +dp/dt maximum, -dp/dt maximum, and -dp/dt/ +dp/dt ratio were evaluated at baseline after the administration of either normal saline or Kammaegdaejotang. Results : Kammaegdaejotang made the heart rate increasing significantly (p<0.05). Kammaegdaejotang did not effectively work on left ventricular pressure of the isolated heart(p=0.11, no significance). The significant effects of Kammaegdaejotang were observed on +dp/dt max and -dp/dt max(p<0.05). Kammaegdaejotang did not effectively work on -dp/dt/ +dp/dt ratio(p=0.24, no significance).

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.163-167
• /
• 1993

We developed a ventricular assist device(VAD) to be used as a bridge to heart transplantation or a circulatory assist device for patients with end-stage heart disease or poor myocardial function after cardiac surgery. It is a pneumatic and diaphragm-type VAD and its stroke volume is 90 cc. The upper housing and diaphragm is made of a segmented polyurethane and the lower back plate is made of a polycarbonate. Two Carbomedics$^R$ mechanical valves are used as inlet and outlet valves. It was tested in vitro and the cardiac output of the VAD was 7 L/min at a heart rate of 70 bpm. The line pressure from a pressure transducer inserted in the pneumatic line was recorded and compared with the ideal pressure tracing.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제27권11호
• /
• pp.893-901
• /
• 1994

Forty nine patients [M: 31, F: 18], age from 2 months to 17 years [mean= 4.9 years], underwent operations, from April 1986 to December 1992, for the relief of subvalvular aortic stenosis in normal atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial connections.There were 4 anatomic types of subaortic stenosis : membranous in 29 cases [59.2%], fibromuscular in 11 [22.4%], diffuse tunnel type in 7 [14.3%], and miscellaneous in 2 cases. Thirty four patients [69.4%] had associated cardiac anomalies, of which ventricular septal defect was the most common [27 cases]. Other anomalies were patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of the aorta, valvular aortic stenosis, double chambered right ventricle [DCRV], infundibular pulmonic stenosis, persistent left superior vena cava, and rigt aortic arch. Mean systolic pressure gradient between the left ventricle and ascending aorta was 26.4$\pm$17.6 mmHg : 13.1$\pm$17.6mmHg in the membranous type, 22.0$\pm$18.4mmHg in the fibromucular type, and 56.1$\pm$38.4mmHg in the diffuse tunnel type. Operative procedures were determined according to the type of subvalvular aortic stenosis : simple excision of subaortic membrane in the membranous type [29 cases], left ventricular myectomy with or without myotomy or fibrous tissue excision in the fibromuscular type [11 cases]. Among the 7 of diffuse tunnel type cases, ventricular myectomy was performed in 2 and a modified Konno operation was performed in 5 . Postoperative follow up was made with periodic echocardiography. The Mean postoperative follow up period was 33.8 months. There were 2 hospital mortalities [4.1%] and 2 late deaths. Residual stenosis remained in 3 cases and recurrence developed in 2 cases during the follow up period. 5 years actuarial survival rate was 91.8$\pm$3.9% and 5 year complication free rate was 72.3$\pm$10.4%. Conclusions : 1. Subvalvular aortic stenosis should be relieved completely as soon as possible when diagnosed, regardless of left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient. 2. Good results were obtained using only simple excision of subaortic membrane in the membranous type of subaortic stenosis. However, aortoventriculoplasty [modified Konno prodedure] was necessary for good results in the diffuse tunnel type. 3. Periodic postoperative echocardiography was helpful in detecting the progression of residual stenosis and development of new stenosis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.281-288
• /
• 1979

For years, physicians and anatomists have been interested in the heart that has one functioning ventricle. Various terms have been suggested for this entity including single ventricle, common ventricle, double-inlet left ventricle, cor biatriatum triloculare, and primitive ventricle. In this report, the term "single ventricle" is utilized as suggested by Van Praagh, and is defined as that congenital cardiac anomaly in which a common or separate atrioventricular valves open into a ventricular chamber from which both great arterial trunks emerge. An outlet chamber, or infundibulum, may or may not be present and give rise to the origin of either of the great arteries. This definition excludes the entity of mitral and tricuspid atresia. An 11 year old cyanotic boy was admitted chief complaints of exertional dyspnea and frequent upper respiratory infection since 2 weeks after birth. He was diagnosed as inoperable cyanotic congenital heart disease, and remained without any corrective treatment up to his age of 11 year when he suffered from aggravation of symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure for 2 months before this admission. On 22nd of May 1979, he was admitted for total corrective operation under the impression of tricuspid atresia suggested by a pediatrician. Physical check revealed deep cyanosis with finger and toe clubbing, and grade V systolic ejection murmur with single second heart sound was audible at the left 3rd intercostal space. Development was moderate in height [135 cm] and weight[28Kg]. Routine lab findings were normal except increased hemoglobin [21.1gm%], hematocrit [64 %], and left axis deviation with left ventricular hypertrophy on EKG. Cardiac catheterization and angiography revealed 1-transposition of aorta, pulmonic valvular stenosis, double inlet of a single ventricle with d-loop, and normal atriovisceral relationship [Type III C solitus according to the classification of Van Praagh]. At operation, longitudinal incision at the outflow tract of right ventricle in between the right coronary artery and its branch [LAD from RCA] revealed high far anterior aortic valve which had fibrous continuity with mitral annulus, and pulmonic valve was stenotic up to 4 mm in diameter positioned posterolaterally to the aorta. Ventricular septum was totally defective, and one markedly hypertrophied moderator band originated from crista supraventricularis was connected down to the imaginary septum of the ventricular cavity as a pseudoseptum of the ventricle. Size of the defect was 3X3 cm2 in total. Patch closure of the defect with a Teflon felt of 3.5 x 4 cm2 was done with interrupted multiple sutures after cut off of the moderator band, which was resutured to the artificial septum after reconstruction of the ventricular septum. Pulmonic valvotomy was done from 4 mm to 11 mm in diameter thru another pulmonary arteriotomy incision, and right ventriculotomy wound was closed reconstructing the right ventricular outflow tract with pericardial autograft of 3 x 4 cm2. Atrial septal defect of 2 cm in diameter was closed with 3-0 Erdeck suture, and atrial wall was sutured also when rectal temperature reached from 24`C to 35.5`C. Complete A-V block was managed with temporary external pacemaker with a pacing rate of 110/min. thru myocardial wire, and arterial blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg was maintained with Isuprel or Dopamine dripping under the CVP of 25-cm saline. Consciousness was recovered one hour after the operation when his blood pressure reached 100 /70 mmHg, but vital signs were not stable, and bleeding from the pericardial drainage and complete anuria were persisted until his heart could not capture the pacemaker impulse, and patient died of low output syndrome 320 min after the operation.