• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.271-278
• /
• 2020

Modern financial services go beyond the stage of internet banking, and new concepts of financial transactions such as Internet of Things, mobile banking, electronic payments, and fintech have emerged. As a result, banks are less influential in financial transactions, and changes are being demanded. In the present era, the basic business of banks has decreased, and it is transforming into a space where both consumer finance work and reside. The bank office stands for the brand image of the bank, and it is represented by trust with customers in the basic business of financial transactions, and the rise in real estate value is a natural social phenomenon due to the nature of the location and location of real estate owned by the bank. The business method and space of the bank office that meets the new paradigm of the modern society is an inefficient space only for the convenience and rest of consumers, but it must be used as a variety of spaces suitable for the region to increase the functional value of the bank office. Through this study, as a convenience space for consumers, various service facilities should be introduced to understand the characteristics of the region as a convenience space for consumers, and various service facilities should be introduced to meet the needs of consumers, and the bank office should be improved as a complex service space for local residents.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.239-246
• /
• 2021

The fertility of dairy cows has been declining worldwide. The number of services per conception has increased, and repeat breeder (RB) cows are considered important in the dairy industry. However, there has been little research on RB cows in Korea. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum biochemical profiles and RB Holstein cattle in Korea and compare the results with those of studies conducted abroad. In addition, we investigated hidden factors that are needed for RB cattle to become pregnant. Overall, 34 Korean Holstein Friesian cows were divided into three groups: pregnant with normal cycling (PNC), pregnant with repeat breeder (PRB), and non-pregnant with repeat breeder (NRB). Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein, and serum parameters (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, LD, CK, TP, ALB, GLOB, TBIL, BUN, CRE, GLU, TC, TG, NEFA, CA, MG, and IP) were analyzed. GGT levels were significantly different among groups (P=0.01). The concentration of GGT was the highest in the NRB and the lowest in the PNC. In contrast to the findings of other studies, there were no differences in GLU, TP, TC, and BUN levels. This study is the first to investigate serum biochemistry in RB cattle and provides results that differ from those of previous studies; these findings would help establish a novel approach to improve fertility of RB cattle.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.107-123
• /
• 2021

Recently, there have been a number of researchers in the field of education who are actively exploring the educational applications of Blockchain technology, even though it is still in its infancy. Some researchers have been investigating its application in educational administration to issue academic credentials' or maintain student records with distributed ledger, which is the basis of Blockchain technology. Whereas, others have been examining its application in redesigning learning systems that are being used in various contexts, including online learning and lifelong education. In that vein, this paper aims to discuss a liberal arts education system which will be supported by Blockchain-based 'smart contracts'. At present, active efforts are being made to innovate liberal arts education in Korea, centered around government-funded university innovation projects and there have been reports of great achievements. However, if the Blockchain technology is applied to innovating the liberal arts education, we will innovate not only the liberal arts education but also university education as a whole. In this paper, there are suggestions on how to build a learner-centered educational environment where a liberal arts education system is supported by Blockchain-based smart contracts. First of all, the current innovation in liberal arts education and its limitations are discussed, followed by ways in which Blockchain-based smart contracts can reframe the liberal arts education system. Last but not least, the paper addresses implications of the Blockchain technology applications in liberal arts education, along with their future prospects.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제36권8호
• /
• pp.1199-1208
• /
• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of metabolite levels in serum and milk obtained from cows fed on different concentrate to forage feed ratios. Methods: Eight lactating Holstein cows were divided into two groups: a high forage ratio diet (HF; 80% Italian ryegrass and 20% concentrate of daily intake of dry matter) group and a high concentrate diet (HC; 20% Italian ryegrass and 80% concentrate) group. Blood was collected from the jugular vein, and milk was sampled using a milking machine. Metabolite levels in serum and milk were estimated using proton nuclear magnetic resonance and subjected to qualitative and quantitative analyses performed using Chenomx 8.4. For statistical analysis, Student's t-test and multivariate analysis were performed using Metaboanalyst 4.0. Results: In the principal component analysis, a clear distinction between the two groups regarding milk metabolites while serum metabolites were shown in similar. In serum, 95 metabolites were identified, and 13 metabolites (include leucine, lactulose, glucose, betaine, etc.) showed significant differences between the two groups. In milk, 122 metabolites were identified, and 20 metabolites (include urea, carnitine, acetate, butyrate, arabinitol, etc.) showed significant differences. Conclusion: Our results show that different concentrate to forage feed ratios impact the metabolite levels in the serum and milk of lactating Holstein cows. A higher number of metabolites in milk, including those associated with milk fat synthesis and the presence of Escherichia coli in the rumen, differed between the two groups compared to that in the serum. The results of this study provide a useful insight into the metabolites associated with different concentrate to forge feed ratios in cows and may aid in the search for potential biomarkers for subacute ruminal acidosis.

• 방사선산업학회지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.325-332
• /
• 2018

Carotid angiography covering the aortic arch includes contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CEA), which is applied to a large region and usually employs contrast media. However, the use of contrast media can be dangerous in infants, pregnant women, and patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Follow-up patients informed of a lesion may also want to avoid constant exposure to contrast media. We aimed to apply time-of-flight (TOF) angiography to a large region and compare its usefulness with that of CEA. Ten patients (mean age, 58 years; range, 45~75 years) who visited our hospital for magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) participated in this study. A 3.0 Tesla Achieva magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system (Philips, Netherland) and the SENSE NeuroVascular 16-channel coil were employed for both methods. Both methods were applied simultaneously to the same patient. Three TOF stacks were connected to cover the aortic arch through the circle of Willis, and CEA was applied in the same manner. For the quantitative assessment, the acquired images were used to set the regions of interest (ROIs) in the common carotid artery (CCA) bifurcation, internal carotid artery, external carotid artery, middle cerebral artery, and vertebral artery, and to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for the soft tissues. Three radiologists and one radiological resident performed the qualitative assessment on a 5-point scale - 1 point, "very bad"; 2 points, "bad"; 3 points, "average"; 4 points, "good"; and 5 points, "very good" - with regard to 4 items: (1) sharpness, (2) distortion, (3) vein contamination, and (4) expression of peripheral vessels. For the quantitative assessment, we estimated the mean SNR and CNR in each of the 5 ROIs. In general, the mean SNR was higher in TOF angiography (166.1, 205.2, 154.39, 172.23, and 161.95) than in CEA(92.05, 95.43, 84.76, 73.69, and 88.3). Both methods had a similar mean CNR: 67.62, 106.71, 55.9, 73.74, and 63.46 for TOF angiography, and 67.82, 71.19, 60.52, 49.45, and 64.07 for CEA. In all ROIs, the mean SNR was statistically significant (p<0.05), whereas the mean CNR was insignificant (p>0.05). The mean values of TOF angiography and CEA for each item in the qualitative assessment were 4.2 and 4.28, respectively for item 1; 2.93 and 4.55, respectively, for item 2; 4.6 and 3.13, respectively, for item 3; and 2.88 and 4.65, respectively, for item 4. Therefore, TOF angiography had a higher mean for item 3, and CEA had a higher mean for items 2 and 4; there was no significant difference between the two methods for item 1. The results for item 1 were statistically insignificant (p>0.05), whereas the results for items 2~4 were statistically significant (p<0.05). Both methods have advantages and disadvantages and they complement each other. However, CEA is usually applied to a large region covering the aortic arch. Time-of-flight angiography may be useful for people such as infants, pregnant women, CRF patients, and followup patients for whom the use of contrast media can be dangerous or unnecessary, depending on the circumstance.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.163-186
• /
• 2009

한국에서의 미사일 개발은 미국이 안보를 제공하는 대가로 그 개발을 180 km로 한정되어왔고 같은 맥락에서 남.북한간의 긴장이 가져올 수 있는 또 하나의 전쟁 위험성을 사전 차단하기 위한 목적으로 한국의 핵무기 개발도 취소된 바 있다. 이러한 제한은 한국이 2001년 MTCR (미사일 기술 통제 체제)에 가입하면서 미사일 개발 허용 거리가 300 km로 연장되었지만 북한이 핵무기는 물론 대포동 1,2호 발사로 5,500 km 이상의 대륙간 탄도탄미사일에 이용되는 로켓 발사를 추진하면서 제한 없는 군비 발전을 진행하는 것과 대비된다. 한국이 최근 우주 산업 개발을 본격 진흥하면서 지구 저 궤도에 인공위성을 진입시키는 것에서 장래 지상 36,000 km의 지구 정지궤도에 위성 진입을 계획하는 것을 염두에 둘 때 이러한 제한은 언제인가 해소되어야 할 것이다. 한국의 우주 산업은 대개가 그러하듯이 소형 위성 제작과 이를 타국 발사체에 의뢰하여 발사, 그리고 우리의 발사체 개발이라는 3단계로 진행되고 있다. 이미 지나간 소형과학위성의 3차에 걸친 발사에 이어 현재 5개의 위성사업이 진행되고 있는 바, 이들은 다음과 같다: - 무궁화 위성 - 과학기술위성 - 다목적 실용위성 - 한별위성 - 통신해양기상위성 2008년 이소연 우주 비행사의 탄생으로 한국민들의 우주에 관한 관심이 제고되고 있는 가운데 2009년 8월 나로 1호 발사는 실패로 끝났지만 계속 추진하여야 할 우주 산업에 있어서 하나의 거쳐야 할 과정에 불과하다. 한국의 우주 관련 국내법은 1987년 제정된 항공우주산업개발촉진법, 2005년 제정된 우주개발진흥법, 2008년 제정된 우주손해배상법이 있으나 전자 2개의 법은 소관부서가 상이한 것에 연유하여 중복되어 있고, 일부 미비한 점이 있어 개선이 요망된다.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
• /
• pp.1247-1247
• /
• 2001

Constituents of animal biofluids such as milk, blood and urine contain information specifically related to metabolic and health status of the ruminant animals. Some changes in composition of biofluids can be attributed to disease response of the animals. Mastitis is a major problem for the global dairy industry and causes substantial economic losses from decreasing milk production and reducing milk quality. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential of NIRS combined with multivariate analysis for cow's mastitis diagnosis based on NIR spectra of milk, blood and urine. A total of 112 bulk milk, urine and blood samples from 4 Holstein cows were analyzed. The milk samples were collected from morning milking. The urine samples were collected before morning milking and stored at -35$^{\circ}C$ until spectral analysis. The blood samples were collected before morning milking using a catheter inserted into the carotid vein. Heparin was added to blood samples to prevent coagulation. All milk samples were analyzed for somatic cell count (SCC). The SCC content in milk was used as indicator of mastitis and as quantitative parameter for respective urine and blood samples collected at same time. NIR spectra of blood and milk samples were obtained by InfraAlyzer 500 spectrophotometer, using a transflectance mode. NIR spectra of urine samples were obtained by NIR System 6500 spectrophotometer, using 1 mm sample thickness. All samples were divided into calibration set and test set. Class variable was assigned for each sample as follow: healthy (class 1) and mastitic (class 2), based on milk SCC content. SIMCA was implemented to create models of the respective classes based on NIR spectra of milk, blood or urine. For the calibration set of samples, SIMCA models (model for samples from healthy cows and model for samples from mastitic cows), correctly classified from 97.33 to 98.67% of milk samples, from 97.33 to 98.61% of urine samples and from 96.00 to 94.67% of blood samples. From samples in the test set, the percent of correctly classified samples varied from 70.27 to 89.19, depending mainly on spectral data pretreatment. The best results for all data sets were obtained when first derivative spectral data pretreatment was used. The incorrect classified samples were 5 from milk samples,5 and 4 from urine and blood samples, respectively. The analysis of changes in the loading of first PC factor for group of samples from healthy cows and group of samples from mastitic cows showed, that separation between classes was indirect and based on influence of mastitis on the milk, blood and urine components. Results from the present investigation showed that the changes that occur when a cow gets mastitis influence her milk, urine and blood spectra in a specific way. SIMCA allowed extraction of available spectral information from the milk, urine and blood spectra connected with mastitis. The obtained results could be used for development of a new method for mastitis detection.

• 디자인학연구
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.413-422
• /
• 2003

20세기 초 영, 독일의 미술과 공예협회인 독일 베르크분트(Deutcher Werkbund)로부터 산업제품을 위한 디자인 표준화의 제기와 기능주의의 새로운 미를 적용하려는 노력은 시작되었다. 같은 맥락에서 1919년 독일의 바우하우스(Bauhaus)에 의해 굿디자인은 기술과 예술의 혼합에 의해 이루어진다는 현대적 개념의 디자인이 그 뒤를 이었다. 1950-1955년, 뉴욕 MOMA(Museum of Modem Art)에 의해 행해진 소비자 교육프로그램인 굿디자인(Good Design) 전시회에 의해 그 용어는 현대적으로 사용되었으며, 굿디자인의 임무는 모던디자인을 일반대중에게 인식시키는 것이었다. 20세기 후반 이후 많은 전문가들은 각기 독특한 입장에서 굿디자인을 다양하게 정의하기 시작하였다. 그 정의는 디자이너, 기술자, 생산자, 비즈니스맨, 소비자들에게 이르기까지 각 영역의 특성에 맞게 해석되어 적용될 수 있었기 때문이었다. 디자인 학자인 람스(Rams)와 노만(Norman)은 물리적, 심리적인 관점으로부터 굿디자인을 해석하고 있으며, 기능, 미, 테크놀로지, 등에 관련해 구체적으로 굿디자인의 표준과 올바른 접근방향을 언급하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 굿디자인의 역사적 고찰과 정의 및 람스와 노만의 주장을 비교와 분석을 통해 굿디자인의 세부적인 기준과 정의의 관계를 정립하였으며, 최종적으로 그들이 주장하는 물리적, 심리적으로 접근한 사용자 중심의 디자인이 굿디자인임을 찾고자 하였다.

• 한국언론정보학보
• /
• 제74권
• /
• pp.7-37
• /
• 2015

이 연구는 오래되고 집요한 모습을 띠는 게임중독 담론과 게임을 직업으로 삼는 프로게이머가 어떻게 한 사회 내 유사한 권력 제도에 의해 동시에 언급되는지를 살피고자 했다. 프로게이머는 하트(Hardt)와 네그리(Negri)가 논의하는 '경제적 탈근대화(postmodernization)'의 거시적 흐름 속에서 등장한 오락 산업의 일환이다. 하트와 네그리는 '경제적 탈근대화'를 경제적 행위(도구적 행위)와 인간적 행위(반(反)도구적 행위) 사이의 경계를 허무는 새로운 노동양식-비물질 노동(immaterial labor)-으로 특징지으며, 그 안에 저항적 실천의 맹아가 존재한다고 주장한다. 이러한 관점에서 프로게이머는 (비물질 노동의 한 갈래인) '정동노동(affective labor)'을 수행하며 근대적 권력으로부터 탈주할 수 있는 잠재력을 지닌다고 볼 수 있다. 하지만 프로게이머 노동이 수행되는 구체적인 결을 살펴보면, 경쟁과 선택의 원리를 통과하기 위해 자신의 정동을 매우 조직적으로 관리하고 전략적이며 합리적으로 통제하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 프로게이머의 노동은 탈근대적인 양식을 취하고는 있지만, 근대적 노동 윤리에 철저하게 종속되어 근대성 위반의 잠재력을 잃어버렸다. 결국 프로게이머와 중독담론은 표면적으로 대조를 이루는 듯 보이나, 근면 성실한 태도를 강조하는 프로테스탄스적 노동 윤리와 맥을 같이 한다는 점에서 쌍생아적 지위를 지니고 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.716-722
• /
• 2005

Carcass weight and backfat thickness are primary yield grading factors. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I/-II, transforming growth factor $\beta$1 (TGF-$\beta$1), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) regulate the proliferation and differentiation of cells including adipocytes. Also, interleukin (IL)-2/-6, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) are known to be related to muscle growth and fat depth. However, the relationships between endocrine factors and carcass grade have not been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the concentrations of endocrine factors in serum and muscle, and to investigate the relationship of endocrine factors with carcass grade. A total of 60 crossbred gilts (Duroc${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace) were used. Blood from the jugular vein was collected at antemortem (7 days before slaughter) and postmortem periods, and M. Longissimus was collected at 45 min and 24 h after slaughter. The concentrations of IGF-I/-II, EGF, TGF-$\beta$1, IL-2/-6, cortisol and DHEA-S were analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In general, IGF and EGF concentrations in serum and muscle of grade A carcasses were found to be higher than those of grade C carcasses at antemortem and postmortem periods, whereas the pattern of TGF-$\beta$1 concentration was reversed. In particular, the concentrations of muscle IGF-I (24 h postmortem) and serum TGF-$\beta$1 (antemortem) were significantly different between grades A and C (p<0.05). The present results indicate that serum and muscle growth factors affect carcass weight and backfat thickness, and indirectly suggest the possibility that carcass grade could be predicted by expression of serum and/or muscle growth factors.