• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1174-1187
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• 2007

모노레일시스템은 차량외관의 친밀성, 교량 상하부의 슬림한 구조, 저렴한 공사비, 짧은 시공기간 등 미관, 경제성, 시공성에서 다양한 장점이 인정되어 시가지 경량전철의 유력한 대안으로서 여러도시에서 검토 및 제안되고 있다. 또한, 최근에 대구시에서는 도시철도3호선의 시스템으로 모노레일을 채택하여 기본설계를 진행하고 있다. 이러한 국내의 추세에 맞추어 본 고에서는, 해외사례와 현재 수행중인 대구도시철도 기본설계를 중심으로 하여, 모노레일교량의 계획 및 설계에 관한 주요사항을 소개하였다. 먼저, 해외의 모노레일 교량 사례를 분석하였으며, 대구도시철도3호선 기본설계에서 적용하고 있는 주요설계기준을 소개하였다. 또한, 과좌형 모노레일의 대표적인 구조형식인 PSC궤도빔과 강궤도빔에 대하여 계획, 설계 및 제작 방법을 개괄적으로 설명하였다. 본 고의 내용이 모노레일 교량의 계획 및 설계에 관심이 있는 기술자들에게 도움이 되기를 기대한다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2012년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.667-671
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• 2012

Low frequency noises (up to about 200 Hz) mainly occur due to particular modes, resulting in booming noises, and in general the solutions may be found based on mode controls where conventional methods such as FEM can be used. However, at higher frequencies between 0.3~ 1 kHz, as the number of modes rapidly increase, radiation characteristics from structures, performances of damping sheets and sound packages may be more crucial rather than particular modes, and consequently the conventional FEM may be less practical in dealing with this kinds of structure-borne problems. In this context, so-called 'mid-frequency simulation model' based on FE-SEA hybrid method is studied and validated. Energy Transmission loss (i.e. air borne noise) is also studied. A dash panel component is chosen for this study, which is an important path that transfers both structure-borne and air borne energies into the cavity. Design modifications including structural modifications, attachment of damping sheets and application of different sound packages are taken into account and the corresponding noise characteristics are experimentally identified. It is found that the dash member behaves as a noise path. The damping sheet or sound packages have similar influences on both sound radiation and transmission loss. The comparison between experiments and simulations shows that this model could be used to predict the tendency of noise improvement.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.673-691
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• 2018

The main goal of this research is to examine the in-plane and out-of-plane forced vibration of a curved nanocomposite microbeam. The in-plane and out-of-plane displacements of the structure are considered based on the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The curved microbeam is reinforced by functionally graded carbon nanotubes (FG-CNTs) and thus the extended rule of mixture is employed to estimate the effective material properties of the structure. Also, the small scale effect is captured using the strain gradient theory. The structure is rested on a nonlinear orthotropic viscoelastic foundation and is subjected to concentrated transverse harmonic external force, thermal and magnetic loads. The derivation of the governing equations is performed using energy method and Hamilton's principle. Differential quadrature (DQ) method along with integral quadrature (IQ) and Newmark methods are employed to solve the problem. The effect of various parameters such as volume fraction and distribution type of CNTs, boundary conditions, elastic foundation, temperature changes, material length scale parameters, magnetic field, central angle and width to thickness ratio are studied on the frequency and force responses of the structure. The results indicate that the highest frequency and lowest vibration amplitude belongs to FGX distribution type while the inverse condition is observed for FGO distribution type. In addition, the hardening-type response of the structure with FGX distribution type is more intense with respect to the other distribution types.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.705-713
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• 2018

High-speed rail (HSR) has been in operation and development in many countries worldwide. The explosive growth of HSR has posed great challenges for operation safety and ride comfort. Among various technological demands on high-speed trains, vibration is an inevitable problem caused by rail/wheel imperfections, vehicle dynamics, and aerodynamic instability. Ride comfort is a key factor in evaluating the operational performance of high-speed trains. In this study, online monitoring data have been acquired from an in-service high-speed train for condition assessment. The measured dynamic response signals at the floor level of a train cabin are processed by the Sperling operator, in which the ride comfort index sequence is used to identify the train's operation condition. In addition, a novel technique that incorporates salient features of Bayesian inference and time series analysis is proposed for outlier detection and change detection. The Bayesian forecasting approach enables the prediction of conditional probabilities. By integrating the Bayesian forecasting approach with time series analysis, one-step forecasting probability density functions (PDFs) can be obtained before proceeding to the next observation. The change detection is conducted by comparing the current model and the alternative model (whose mean value is shifted by a prescribed offset) to determine which one can well fit the actual observation. When the comparison results indicate that the alternative model performs better, then a potential change is detected. If the current observation is a potential outlier or change, Bayes factor and cumulative Bayes factor are derived for further identification. A significant change, if identified, implies that there is a great alteration in the train operation performance due to defects. In this study, two illustrative cases are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method for condition assessment of high-speed trains.

• 복식
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.5-20
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• 2001

The purpose of this study suggest the fashion of communication for 21th century fashion. Especially, Memphis fashion have the possibility of communicating through objects. The results of this study are as follows : First, Memphis idea is to make design into a sophisticated, conscious instrument of communication. As the Memphis fashion points out : design is an extraordinary tool for communicating because its intrinsic characteristic is the fact that it is used and distributed anyway, even without communicating anything. The Memphis fashion is trying to connect design and industry to the broader culture within which fashion moves. Second, Using different materials provides not only new structural Possibilities. but - above all - new semantic and metaphoric possibilities, order modes of communication, another language, and even a change of direction, broadening of perspective, appropriation and digestion of new values and the concomitant rejection of traditional structures that renewal always Involves. The memphis fashion works on the fabric of contemporaneity (lurex yarn, latex, chrome metal and steel) and contemporaneity means computers, electronics, a new awareness of the body. mass exercise and tourism. Third, color in Memphis has never been an ideological vehicle. As with decoration it is born tilth the design, forming an integral part of the structure. It alters the objects molecules. It works as a mass, as an intrinsic feature of a certain form and volume. The Memphis fashion was realized the introduction of ultramodern science into such experimental and creative implementation as optical motive, brilliancy of colour of electronic medium in audition to metallic fabric and high technical synthetic fiber. A color tilth pop culture connotations that weaver between technological allusions and Mcdonald's.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 기존의 아스팔트 콘크리트 포장구조해석에 사용되는 다층탄성해석에서 경계면의 영향을 평가하기 위해 상용 유한요소해석 프로그램인 ABAQUS와 다층탄성 프로그램인 KENLAYER를 이용하여 연직하중이 작용하는 경우의 경계면 특성에 따른 포장성능에 관한 비교 분석을 실시하였다. 그리고 실제 주행하중에 의해 발생되는 수평하중이 포장체에 미치는 영향을 고찰하기 위해 수평하중을 고려한 포장구조해석도 실시하였다. 이를 위해 ABAQUS를 이용하여 경계면 상태에 따른 포장구조체 내부에서 발생하는 변형률 및 처짐을 분석하고, 경계면의 접합상태에 따른 효과를 분석하였다. 이러한 과정을 통해 경계면 상태에 따른 포장체의 공용성에 관한 기존의 정성적 평가로부터 수치해석을 통해 정량적 평가를 실시하고, 경계면 효과에 대한 기본연구를 실시하였다. 연구 결과 기존 해석에서 사용되는 연직하중만 작용하는 경우와 실제 주행하중을 모사하는 연직하중과 수평하중이 동시에 작용하는 경우 수평하중의 작용으로 인해 공용횟수가 약 1/300로 감소하여 포장구조해석시 수평하중을 고려한 해석이 절실히 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2015

태풍, 홍수와 같은 자연재해 발생 시 영상을 기반으로 댐, 보, 교량과 같은 수변 구조물의 피해정보의 정량적인 분석이 가능하면, 피해복구 및 의사결정의 지원에 큰 도움이 된다. 본 연구에서는 수변 구조물의 피해 분석을 위한 초기 과정으로 UAV를 활용한 수변 구조물의 3차원 정보의 획득을 시도하였고, 생성된 DSM의 정확도를 검증하였다. DSM의 생성을 위해 스테레오 기반의 영상정합 기술을 적용하였으며, 각각의 스테레오 정합결과를 생성 후 이를 모자이크하여 최종 DSM을 생성하였다. LIDAR에서 취득한 DSM과 비교하여 정확도를 검증했으며, 처리결과 전체 영역에서 3m 내외의 RMSE 수치가 나옴을 확인하였다. 오류의 원인을 분석해 본 결과, 생성된 DSM은 센서모델을 수립할 때에 필요한 EO 파라메터의 영향을 많이 받음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이후 정확한 GCP의 적용 및 인터폴레이션, 후처리 등의 기술의 개발을 통해 더욱 신뢰할 수 있는 DSM의 생성 시도를 해야 할 것이다. 그리고 본 연구의 목표에 맞게 실제 피해지역에서의 시뮬레이션을 통해 DSM을 이용한 정량적인 피해 분석에 대한 연구를 수행해야 할 것이다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1071-1077
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• 2012

Low frequency noises(up to about 200 Hz) such as booming are mainly caused by particular modes, and in general the solutions may be found based on mode controls where conventional methods such as FEM can be used. However, at higher frequencies between 0.3~1 kHz, as the number of modes rapidly increases, radiation characteristics from structures, performances of damping sheets and sound packages may be more crucial rather than particular modes, and consequently the conventional FEM may be less practical in dealing with this kinds of structure-borne problems. In this context, so-called 'mid-frequency simulation model' based on FE-SEA hybrid method is studied and validated to reduce noise in this frequency region. Energy transmission loss(i.e. air borne noise) is also studied. A dash panel component is chosen for this study, which is an important path that transmits both structure-borne and air borne energies into the cavity. Design modifications including structural modifications, attachment of damping sheets and application of different sound packages are taken into account and the corresponding noise characteristics are experimentally identified. It is found that the dash member behaves as a noise path. The damping sheet and sound packages have similar influences on both sound radiation and transmission loss. The comparison between experiments and simulations shows that this model could be used to predict the tendency of noise improvement.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2001

It is required more precise analysis for practical load because of complexities and varieties of vehicle structure. To establish the numerical model, many researchers have been developed designing tools for linking F.E. Analysis results and experimental results. There studies have generally focused on each experimental method or analytical method separately. There are few studies based on both methods. This paper conceives new procedure for the determination of the load direction and magnitude applied on mechanical structures. New procedure is the combination of the analytical and empirical method with analyzed strain by F.E. Analysis under unit load and with measured principal stress by strain gages under driving load, respectively. In this paper, we theorize the procedure of practical load determination and make the validity and the practicality of the procedure with the application to T-shape jointed structure. F.E. Analysis is conducted to get the principal stress on arbitrary points in the F.E. model of T-shape joint under unit load. Then experiment is carried out to get the principal stress on the same points of F.E. model. To demonstrate the actual driving condition, the load conditions are bending and torsion. From these two data sets, the magnitude, the direction and the position of load can be obtained. Theory and practice do not always coincide; since there are some errors such as ill-poseness, measuring error and modeling error in experimental data, we examine the proper method of error minimization.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.33-46
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• 2004

A finite element model development of a 50th percentile male cervical spine is presented in this paper. The model consists of rigid, geometrically accurate vertebrae held together with deformable intervertibral disks, facet joints, and ligaments modeled as a series of nonlinear springs. These deformable structures were rigorously tuned, through failure, to mimic existing experimental data; first as functional unit characterizations at three cervical levels and then as a fully assembled c-spine using the experimental data from Duke University and other data in the NHTSA database. After obtaining satisfactory validation of the performance of the assembled ligamentous cervical spine against available experimental data, 22 cervical muscle pairs, representing the majority of the neck's musculature, were added to the model. Hill's muscle model was utilized to generate muscle forces within the assembled cervical model. The muscle activation level was assumed to be the same for all modeled muscles and the degree of activation was set to correctly predict available human volunteer experimental data from NBDL. The validated model is intended for use as a post processor of dummy measurement within the simulated injury monitor (SIMon) concept being developed by NHTSA where measured kinematics and kinetic data obtained from a dummy during a crash test will serve as the boundary conditions to "drive" the finite element model of the neck. The post-processor will then interrogate the model to determine whether any ligament have exceeded its known failure limit. The model will allow a direct assessment of potential injury, its degree and location thus eliminating the need for global correlates such as Nij.