• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.451-458
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• 2006

Automotive exhaust is suspected to be one of the major reasons of the rapid increase in greenhouse effect gases in ambient air. As the concerns regarding global worming were increased, the pressure on mobile source greenhouse gas (GHG) emission were also increased. Carbon Dioxides contribute over 90% of total GHG emission and the mobile source occupies about 20% of this $CO_2$ emission. In this study, in order to investigate $CO_2$ emission characteristics from gasoline and LPG passenger cars (PC), which is the most dominant vehicle type in Korea, 53 vehicles were tested on the chassis dynamometer. $CO_2$ emissions and fuel consumption efficiency were measured. The emission characteristics by fuel type, model year, mileage, vehicle speed and transmission type were also discussed. Test modes used in this study were NIER 10 modes and CVS-75 mode, which have been used for developing emission factors and testing new vehicles respectively. The results of this study showed that the main factors which have significant influences on the $CO_2$ emissions are fuel type, transmission type, displacement of vehicle and mileage. The correlation between $CO_2$ emission and FE was also determined by comparing $CO_2$ emission and fuel consumption efficiency. The overall results of this study will greatly contribute to domestic greenhouse gas emissions calculation and designing national strategies for climate change.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.44-48
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• 2008

This paper describes on studies of the heavy duty engine calibration for better fuel economy based on real driving conditions. Using testbed validated software simulation of the engine and turbocharger system, an alternative turbocharger specification, with potential to improve fuel economy was identified. Secondly, the engine calibration was modified to optimize vehicle fuel economy over a typical customer drive cycle whilst still meeting the steady-state (testbed) emissions legislation. These results were confirmed by field testing of a vehicle equipped with the updated specifications. This study found good agreements between the prediction and the field test on the vehicle fuel economy improvements of the express bus with updated calibration and turbocharger.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 B
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• pp.487-489
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• 1998

To evaluate vehicle performances and driving behavior of a vehicle, it is necessary to acquisit and analyze vehicle data during the vehicle driving, which affect fuel economy and emissions. An in-vehicle data acquisition system, which is called Mode Survey System(MOSS), is designed and developed to analyze the traffic and driving patterns of the vehicle. MOSS is a stand-alone system based on the 68HC11 MCU. MOSS logs various data relating to powertrain and vehicle driving such as vehicle speed, engine RPM, gear position, brake, clutch, fuel consumption, and others. The driving patterns are dependent on the driver's habit and the road and traffic conditions, these driving patterns would be able to make a official driving mode to be used in emission, fuel efficiency, shift survey, catalyst durability, and other tests using the analyzed driving patterns.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.460-471
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• 2011

A port has been regarded as a significant contributor to air pollution in the surrounding areas. Port-related air pollutants are released from not only marine vessels, but also various land-side sources at ports, which include cargo handling equipment, vehicles, locomotives, and fugitive dust sources by port activities such as bulk handling and vehicle movements. However, most studies in Korea have only focused on vessel emissions and there is a lack of information on the emissions from other sources at port. In this study, in order to establish the port-related emission inventory and evaluate the relative contribution of these sources to air emissions from the Port of Incheon, the emissions from land-side sources were estimated and the CAPSS (Clean Air Policy Support System) data for vessel emissions were used. In particular, the detailed information and activity data for the cargo handling equipment source were collected and the emission factors and emissions by equipment types were calculated using U.S. EPA methodologies. Total HC, CO, $NO_x$, $PM_{10}$, and $SO_2$ emissions from port-related sources including the vessel in 2007 were calculated as 229 ton/year, 638 ton/year, 4,861 ton/year, 307 ton/year, and 3,995 ton/year, respectively. It was found that the vessel was the largest contributor to air pollutant emissions from the port, the cargo handling equipment was responsible for about from 8% to 13% of HC, CO, and $NO_x$ emissions and the resuspended road dust contributed about 39% for $PM_{10}$ emissions. The results of this study will be used to establish the management and reduction strategies of air pollution in the port.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.373-382
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 지리정보시스템(GIS)을 이용하여 지하광산 현장에서 운영되는 디젤 차량의 탄소배출량을 정량적으로 산정할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 국내 지하 석회석 광산 한 곳을 연구지역으로 선정하였고, 연구 지역의 운반도로를 3차원 벡터 네트워크 형식으로 표현하여 GIS 데이터베이스를 구축하였다. 탄소배출계수의 계산을 위해 운반도로의 각 구간별로 대형 디젤 차량인 덤프트럭의 이동속도를 측정하였다. 운반도로 각 구간별로 계산된 탄소배출계수와 GIS 기반의 최적 경로분석을 통해 결정된 트럭의 운반거리를 고려하여 운반작업과 관련한 디젤 차량의 탄소배출량을 정량적으로 산정할 수 있었다. 광업 분야에서 디젤 차량이 광범위하게 활용되고 있으므로, 본 연구에서 제시한 방법은 광산 현장의 탄소배출량 산정을 위해 사용될 수 있으며 추가적인 연구를 통해 보다 개선될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.219-234
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• 2021

Industrial emissions, mainly from industrial complexes, are important sources of ambient Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Identification of the significant VOC sources from industrial complexes has practical significance for emission reduction. VOC samples were collected from July 2019 to June 2020. A Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) receptor model was used to evaluate the VOC sources in the area. Four sources were identified by PMF analysis, including coating-1, coating-2, printing, and vehicle exhaust. The coating-1 source was revealed to have the highest contribution (41.5%), followed by coating-2 (23.9%), printing (23.1%), and vehicle exhaust (11.6%). The source showing the highest contribution was coating emissions, originating from the northwest to southwest of the sample site. It also relates to facilities that produce auto parts. The major components of VOC emissions from the coating facilities were toluene, m,p-xylene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, and butyl acetate. Industrial emissions should be the top priority to meet the relevant control criteria, followed by vehicular emissions. This study provides a strategy for VOC source apportionment from an industrial complex, which is helpful in the development of targeted control strategies.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.396-410
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to quantify the contribution of high emitting vehicles to mobile emission inventories. Analyzed emission data include $NO_x$, HC, and CO results, which were measured through the vehicle Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) program in Seoul metropolitan area. The high emitting vehicles were identified as the top 5% worst polluting cars of the fleet. We estimated that 5% of the gasoline passenger car fleet, which is high emitters, generated 25.5% of $NO_x$, 34.5% of HC, and 66.1% of CO emissions of total inventories for gasoline passenger car fleet in year 2010. In the study, we identified that the older vehicles (older than ten years) and high mileage vehicles (more than 120,000 km driven) comprised high emitter fleet with 70.9% and 71.2%, respectively. The emission contribution of high emitters became larger in younger fleet than in the older fleet. This is due to the reduced emission rates in newly manufactured vehicles, which were developed under the more stringent emission regulation limits. This analysis implies that high emitters could be responsible for an even larger fraction of total vehicular emissions as more advanced technology vehicles are being incorporated into the current vehicle fleet. The findings suggested that the high emitting vehicles should be primarily considered for in-use vehicle emission management program, such as I/M, accelerated vehicle retirement, or catalytic converter replacement, in order to enhance the effectiveness of selected program.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2001

In order to satisfy the ULEV emissions regulation, fast light-off of a catalyst is essential for reduction of HC and CO emissions during the cold start. Cranking Exhaust Gas Ignition(CEGI) method developed in this study showed that the catalyst reaches the light-off temperature in a few seconds. The CEGI stops the ignition signal for a few seconds during the cranking period, so the unburned fuel-air mixture bypasses the combustion chamber and flows through the exhaust manifold. When the unburned mixture reaches two glow plugs installed upstream of the catalyst, it burns and releases the thermal energy to heat up the catalyst, In the FTP-75 vehicle tests, the CEGI showed that the exhaust emissions reduced by 47.7% for THC and by 88.6% for CO in the cold-transient phase of the test.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제7권8호
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• pp.123-131
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• 1999

Natural gas is one of the most promising alternative fuels for automotive vehicles. However, natural gas varies in compositional between the originating fields and may be further modified due to processing and additional mixing. These variations are known to affect engine performance and emissions through changes in fuel metering and combustion characteristics. In the present study, the effect of gas compositions on vehicle performance such as fuel economy, driveability and exhaust emissions was examined. Analysis are made of using 3 types of NGVs which were made by automakers and 6 different fuels which are selected in consideration of the variation in fuel composition on the worldwide market. The results may be utilized to develop natural gas natural gas engine in automaekrs and/or to establish the fuel standard in the refueling stations.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.849-856
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• 2020

연구목적: 온실가스는 전 세계적인 재난인 지구 온난화의 주요 원인 중 하나이다. 수송부문에서 펼쳐지고 있는 지구온난화의 주요 원인인 온실가스 저감 정책이 고속도로에서 얼마나 효과가 있었는지와 온실가스 배출량 산정 방법의 개선하는 목적을 가진다. 연구방법: DSRC 원시자료를 사용해 거시적 방법(기존)과 미시적 방법(개별차량) 두 가지 방법으로 2017년부터 2019년까지의 남해고속도로(영암-순천) 배출량 산정을 진행한다. 연구결과: 고속도로의 배출량을 산정한 결과 예측하고 있던 배출량을 훨씬 넘어선 결과가 나왔으며 개별차량별로 산정을 진행할 때 20%이상 과소추정되고 있었다는 결과가 나왔다. 결론: 현재 수송부문에서 예상하고 있던 온실가스 배출량보다 더 많은 배출량이 지속적으로 배출될 경우 현 상태에서 온실가스 감축목표를 달성하기 위해서는 추가적인 배출량 저감정책이 필요하다. 또 한 이 정책의 기본이 되는 배출량 산정에서 현재 DSRC 원시자료를 통해 개별차량별로 분석을 진행하였지만 이후 GPS를 활용하면 좀 더 미시적인 분석을 통해 정밀한 배출량 산정이 가능할 것이다.