• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.94-103
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• 2002

To suggest basic research data for a plan raising naturalness of urban park forest, the structure of forest vegetation and bird community were analyzed in four urban parks of Gwangju city. And also, their relationships were discussed. Some of the structural characteristics in the two communities were closely related to each other. Species and individual densities of birds were relatively high in Songjong and Sangmu park showing the vigorous successional progress, but were low in Anchong park with simple vegetation. The bird group that nest and feed in canopy or dead wood held occupy the highest percent in Sajik park with well developed upper layer of forest, the bird group that nest and feed in shrub did in Sangmu park with developed middle layer, and the bird group that feed in ground did in Songjong park with developed low layer. Relationship between the species diversities of forest and birds was not significant. Nevertheless, bird diversity was relatively high in Sajik and Sangmu park with the high proportion of broad-leaved trees in upper and middle layers.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2022

In-situ pilot experiment was carried out to establish a countermeasure on the soil loss from the hill side uplands that was rehabilitated by soil remediation method nearby abandoned mine sites for 2 years. It was considered that the affect of an inclination of cover surface, a stabilization treatment of cover layer by lime and steel refining slag (SRS) and a vegetation of soil surface as an effect factors in the experiment. It was constructed 4 lysimeters (plots, 22 m long, 4 m width) on the hilly side (37% inclination). One plot was control and two plots was treated by 1% lime and SRS. A remind one plot was modified a inclination to 27% to compare the affect of inclination on the amount of cover soil loss. It was attached a reservior tank and water level gauge in the end of lysimeters to measure the amount of the surface water flow and soil loss. It was also installed the automated sensors that could be collect the precipitation, soil moisture content, tension of cover layer in each plots. It was observed that the event of precipitation were caused the soil loss and it were related the physical and chemical properties of cover soil and inclination of surface layer of plots. During the experiment, it was exceeded the national regulation (50 t/ha/yr) in 37% inclination plots even though it was vegetated on the cover soil surface. However, in 27% inclination plot, it was shown that the amount of soil loss was maintained below the national regulation and, more ever, vegetation could reduce the the amount of soil loss. Therefore it was expected that such results could be applied to the future design of rehabilitation projects on the polluted farmland nearby abandoned mine sites.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.29-32
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose one unsupervised classification technique using the degree of polarization (DoP) and the co-polarized phase-difference (CPD) statistics, instead of the entropy and alpha. It is shown that the DoP is closely related to the entropy, and the CPD to the alpha. The DoP explains the feature how much the effect of multiple reflections is contained. Hence, the DoP could be used as an important factor for classifying classes. The CPD can also be computed from the measured Mueller matrix elements. For the smooth surface scattering, the CPD is about $0^{\circ}$, and for dihedral-type scattering, the CPD is about $180^{\circ}$. A DoP-CPD diagram with appropriate boundaries between six different classes is developed based on the SAR image. The classification results are compared with the existing Entropy-alpha diagram as well as the IPL-AirSAR polarimetric data. The technique may have capability to classify an SAR image into six major classes; a bare surface, a village, a crown-layer short vegetation canopy, a trunk-layer short vegetation canopy, a crown-layer forest, and a trunk-dominated forest. Based on the DoP and CPD analysis, a simple three-component decomposition technique was also proposed.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.87-92
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• 2012

The presence of a layer of vegetation which is relevant in river engineering or coastal engineering can modify the overall flow resistance, turbulent characteristics of flow. The patch of vegetation can be modelled and studied in a simple porous cylinder by previous researchers. Fully three dimensional Large Eddy Simulation is conducted in flow past a porous cylinder with a solid volume fraction (SVF) 0f 20%. The porous cylinder of diameter D contains 89 smaller cylinders which diameter is 0.048D in a regular staggered way. Reynolds number based on porous cylinder diameter D and the bulk velocity is 10,000. The large scale shedding is qualitatively similar to the one observed in the non-porous case (SVF=100%). The difference in the dynamics of the separated shear layer and the streamwise flow penetrating through the porous cylinder are compared with those in the non-porous cylinder. In particular, the wake billows form a larger distance from the back of the porous cylinder.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.36-50
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• 2009

To suggest the native plants combination for restoration of the dissected sloping area, the plant communities of thirty seven quadrats from five localities of mid-southern part of Korean peninsula were surveyed from 2007 to 2008. Their flora, vegetation structure, and dominant species based on the importance value were investigated. And the soil characters (pH, moisture content, water holding capacity, and organic matter) of each dominant species were analyzed. Also, germination tests were performed to check the stability of restored native plants using seed chips. As a result, 79 native plants were suggested for the dissected sloping area : 20 trees and subtrees for the upper layer, 18 shrubs and vines for the middle layer, and 41 herbs for the lower layer, taken together their flora, dominant species, vegetation structure, soil condition, germination test, flowering period.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 1995

Autumn visitors to Chuwangsan National Park was more than summer's. About 89% of total visitors used main trail but approximately 35% visited to the Third Falls. The entire width, bare width, maximum depth and slope of trail as the trail condition surveyed at the total of 103 points were significantly greater on the more heavily-used trail. Trail conditons of rock-exposed, root-exposed, deepening points as the deterioration types of trail were significantly different from those of non-deteriorated points. According to the topographic position of trail, severe difference of dominant trees in the edge vegetation was found and Lespedeza maximowiczii, Rhododendron yedoense and Fraxinus sieboldana were dominant in shrub layer of trail edge vegetation. The crown coverage, number of species and individuals of shrub layer in edge vegetation were generally higher than those in the other national parks with more heavily-used trail.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.341-347
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• 1991

The character and differential species of Abies koreana community, a subalpine coniferous forest, on Mt. Hall a and its vegetation unit were reviewed, based on literature published up to date. Song and Nakanish (1985a) originally described Saso-Abietetum koreanae Song et Nakanishi 1985 for the community. At that time, we were fully justified in establishing the nomenclature. Nevertheless, against this nomenclature, Yim and Kim (1990) made a objection, and it was renamed as what is called Saso quelpaertensi-Abietetum koreanae (Song et Nakanishi) corr. Yim et Kim 1990. In their previous study(Yim et al., 1990) being the root of the nomenclature, however, they did not study on the full layers containing the moss layer of bryophyte and lichen for the stratification of the Abies koreana community, in spite of the importance of the species of moss layer for the selection of character and differential species of vegetation units belonging to Vaccinio-Piceetea Br.-Bl. 1939, and also the floristic composition from their study was not compared with that of the vegetation units of the subalpine coniferous forests in Korea Peninsula, Japan, Maritime Province of Siberia and Northeast China. Among the four character species selected by them, it is clear that Maianthemum bifolim and Lonicera maackii are species no having the characteristic value from the phytosociological viewpoint. Besides, Sasa quelpaerthensis described in their nomenclature is a synonym of S. palmata (Suzuki, 1978). Therefore, their nomenclature is invalid and comes under a contravention (Infringement of Priority) to the Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (Barkman et al., 1986). Saso-Abietetum koreanae was amply justified also by author's recent study (Song, 1991)examined throughout the range of subalpine coniferous forest in Korea. With the discussion of justification of Saso-Abietetum koreanae, a association discussion was brought in the present review.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.241-254
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• 1999

The forest vegetation in Mts. Ilwol, Chongryang, Milim, Honglim, Yongdung, Agi and 607 m peak of the northen part of Kyungpook province, Korea was classified and described in terms of the physiognomy and numerical syntaxonomy. The forest was divided into the ten communities belonging to the three groups by the species combination of the tree layer based on their dominances. The three groups also were corresponded well with the result of cluster analysis. But the classification by TWINSPAN showed that the vegetation was divided into only two groups for having any ecological senses. A result of DCA was corresponded closely with that of TWINSPAN and explained some environmental factors. From the above results, it is concluded that the classification by the species combination of the tree layer is also applicable to the classification of plant communities. The above results were compared with the existing study results of the ZM phytosociology.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.395-403
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the habitat positional environment and vegetation properties of Mankyua chejuense. The habitats were classified into two types depending on the depth of the habitat, the ratio of rock exposure, the dominant species and the surrounding vegetation, which affected the vegetation of the habitats. The habitats with a high ratio of rock exposure showed a distinctive geographical boundary to the adjacent region and most of them were composed of trees that grow in humid environment. On the contrary, in the soil-rich habitats, the depth was shallow, soil layer was well developed, and the trees were introduced from the adjacent areas. However, the dominant species in the herbaceous layer were aquatic plants, which indicated that the habitats had the properties of wetland. Therefore, it was found that thes habitats of Mankyua chejuense have the properties similar to those of marshland. For the preservation of Mankyua chejuense, it is very important to make the habitats maintain such properties of wetland.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2011

The composition of species for each community of Quercus by vegetation and soil survey, the community classification by TWINSPAN, the structural characteristics of communities were used and analyzed during the period of 2000~2004 for Quercus mongolica forest. And the resulting suggestions for a subsequent planting model for forest are as follows. The Quercus mongolica community had the highest importance value for Quercus mongolica followed sequentially by Acer pseudosieboldianum, Acer mono, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, and Fraxinus sieboldiana. As a result of suggesting a planting modeling for the Quercus mongolica communities in the areas with the warmth index of both $60.90{\sim}79.79^{\circ}C$ and $53.96{\sim}64.82^{\circ}C$, Quercus mongolica was absolutely dominant in case of the subtree layer for the accompaniment species of distribution in the planting modeling by tree layer in the two areas depending on the warmth index, while there were distinct differences shown in case of the lower tree layer. While Acer pseudosieboldianum, Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Sorbus alnifolia, Acer mono, etc. were appeared in the subtree layer for the areas with the warmth index of $60.90{\sim}79.79^{\circ}C$. Cornus controversa, Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus sieboldiana, etc. were many appeared in the subtree layer for the areas with the warmth index of $53.96{\sim}64.82^{\circ}C$. And, when we made ecological Quercus mongolica community, subtree layer planting is different by warmth index.