• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.481-504
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 대구광역시 비슬산(1,083m)의 식물상을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 2006년 5월부터 2007년 10월까지 10회에 걸쳐 채집된 관속식물은 89과 302속 397종 1아종 59변종 11품종의 총 468분류군이 확인되었다. 한국특산식물은 자주꿩의다리, 매미꽃, 청괴불나무 등 17분류군, 환경부지정 법적 보호식물은 세뿔투구꽃의 1분류군, 산림청지정 희귀 및 멸종위기식물이 태백제비꽃, 나도개감채, 금강애기나리 등 6분류군으로 나타났다. 귀화식물은 34분류군으로 확인되었으며, 귀화율은 7.3%, 도시화지수는 12.2%로 나타났다. 본 조사에서 새롭게 확인된 식물은 160여 분류군이며, 이중에 귀화식물은 미국자리공, 금낭화, 다닥냉이, 잔개자리, 애기땅빈대, 돼지풀, 코스모스, 주홍서나물, 털별꽃아재비, 원추천인국, 방가지똥, 만수국아재비, 서양민들레, 나도바랭이, 큰김의털, 호밀풀, 자주닭개비 등 17분류군이 새롭게 추가되었다. 본 지역은 세뿔투구꽃을 포함한 보존가치가 많은 식물자원이 분포하고 있으나 무분별한 개발 행위와 많은 탐방객의 출입 등으로 자연파괴가 가속화될 우려가 있으므로 탐방객수 제한이나 자연휴식년제와 같은 관리계획이 수립되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 식물병연구
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.79-84
• /
• 2003

2001년 8월에서 2002년 7월까지 경기도내 주요 시설하우스 재배지에서 시클라멘 시들음병 발생을 조사한 결과 전지역에서 발생이 확인되었으며, 김포에서는 발병주율이 42.7%까지 되었다. 시들음병 발생은 관행적인 지상관수방법보다 저면관수에서 발생이 더 심하였다. 발병된 시클라멘 잎은 황화되고 병이 진전되면 고사하였으며 구근에서는 갈변 증상이 관찰되었다. 갈변된 구근 조직에서 병원균을 분리하여 fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cyclaminis로 동정하였다. 발병지 상토를 수거하여 시클라멘을 이식했을 때 100% 발병하였다. 저항성 품종 선발에서는 'Matis red', 'Schubert', 'Victoria', 'Chopin'의 4품종만이 저항성 품종으로 검정 되었을 뿐 대부분의 품종이 감수성이었다. 시들음병 방제약제 선발 결과 방제 효과는 비교적 낮았으나 병원균 접종 전 약제처리시 베노밀 수화제와 후루 디옥소닐 액상수화제의예방 효과가 인정되었다. 그리고 병을 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cyclaminis에 의한 시클라멘 시들음병으로 명명할 것을 제안한다.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제103권3호
• /
• pp.321-338
• /
• 2014

천연기념물 제 432호 제주 상효동의 한란 자생지(39 ha)를 대상으로 2013년 10월부터 2014년 2월까지 생물(식물상, 식생다양성 및 임분 구조) 및 비생물 환경(미기상, 수관열림도, 임내 광량 및 토양 온 습도)의 특성을 분석하였다. 한란 자생지의 일평균온도($5.7^{\circ}C$)는 서귀포시 보다 $3.3^{\circ}C$ 낮았고, 일평균습도(75.8%)는 서귀포시 보다 15% 높았다. 토양 온도는 평균 $16.5^{\circ}C$, 토양습도는 평균 37.3%, 그리고 낙엽층 두께는 평균 4.3 cm이었다. 수관열림도 및 임내 광량의 평균은 각각 15.5%, 및 $8.5mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}day^{-1}$ 이었다. 한란 자생지 보호구역 내 관속식물은 총 221 분류군이며, 희귀 및 멸종위기식물로는 한란, 죽백란 및 꼬리족제비고사리 등이 확인되었다. 식생다양성 평가 결과, 구실잣밤나무군락 등 총 6개의 식생단위가 분석되었다. 조사구역의 임분구조는 구실잣밤나무가 가장 높은 밀도(1,777 개체/ha) 및 흉고단면적 ($90.3m^2/ha$)을 나타내었다.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 2009

당뇨병성 망막증의 당뇨병 합병증의 주요한 증상중의 하나로 망막의 구조적 기능적 변화를 초래한다. 레닌-안지오텐신 시스템은 당뇨병성 망막증의 발병에 주요한 역할을 담당하며 angiotensin I을 angiotensin II로 전환하는 데 담당하는 안지오텐신 전환 효소 (ACE)는 레닌-안지오텐신 시스템의 주요한 요소이다. VEGF는 실명을 일으키는 당뇨병성 망막증의 신생혈관 생성에 관여하는 주요한 인자로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 당뇨병성 망막증의 발생 기전 중 하나로 최근 연구가 진행되고 있는 VEGF의 발현과 안지오텐신 전환 효소 억제제를 이용한 VEGF 발현 억제효과의 규명을 통해 당뇨병성 망막증의 예방에 ACE 억제제가 효과가 있는지 ACE 억제제인 captopril을 이용하여 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 streptozotocin 처리시 혈청내 VEGF 농도는 증가하였으나 captopril (65 mg/kg) 치료에 의해 감소하지 않았다. 망막에서 관찰한 결과 당뇨군에서 VEGF mRNA 및 단백질 발현이 증가하였으며, 안지오텐신 전환 효소인 capto-pril에 의해서 차단되는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 captopril은 1형 당뇨에 있어서 망막의 VEGF 발현 억제를 통해 망막 보호효과를 나타내고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.373-382
• /
• 2003

Magnesium ion ($Mg^{2+}$) is a vasodilator, but little is known about its mechanism of action on vascular system. In vitro, extracellular magnesium sulfate ($MgSO_4$) produced relaxation in phenylephrine (PE) or high KCl-precontracted isolated rat thorocic aorta with (+E) or without (-E) endothelium in a concentration-dependent manner. The $MgSO_4$-induced relaxations were not affected by removal of the endothelium. Pretreatment of +E or -E aortic rings with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors ($20{\mu}M$ L-NNA, $100{\mu}M$ L-NAME, $1{\mu}M$ dexamethasone and $400{\mu}M$ aminoguanidine), cyclooxygenase inhibitor ($10{\mu}M$ indomethacin), guanylate cyclase inhibitors ($10{\mu}M$ ODQ and $30{\mu}M$ methylene blue) and $Ca^{2+}$ transport blocker ($10{\mu}M$ ryanodine) did not affect the relaxant effects of $MgSO_4$. $Ca^{2+}$ channel blockers ($0.3{\mu}M$ nifedipine and $0.5{\mu}M$ veropamil) completely decreased the relaxant effects of $MgSO_4$ in +E and -E aortic rings. However, in $Ca^{2+}$-free medium, $MgSO_4$-induced vasorelaxation was potentiated and this response was inhibited by nifedipine. Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors ($1.0{\mu}M$ staurosporine, $0.5{\mu}M$ tamoxifen and $0.1{\mu}M$ H7) or PLC inhibitor ($100{\mu}M$ NCDC) markedly decreased the relaxant effects of $MgSO_4$ in +E and -E aortic rings. In vivo, infusion of $MgSO_4$ elicited significant decreases in arterial blood pressure. After intravenous injection of nifedipine ($150{\mu}g/kg$) and NCDC (3 mg/kg), infusion of $MgSO_4$ inhibited the $MgSO_4$-lowered blood pressure markedly. However, after introvenous injection of saponin (15 mg/kg), L-NNA (3 mg/kg), L-NAME (5 mg/kg), indomethacin (2 mg/kg), methylene blue (15 mg/kg) and aminoguanidine (10 mg/kg) failed to inhibit it. These results suggest that endothelial NQ-cGMP or prostaglandin pathway is not involved in vasorelaxant or hypotensive action of $Mg^{2+}$ and that these effects are due to the inhibitory action of $Mg^{2+}$ on the $Ca^{2+}$ channel or PLC-PKC pathway, and are due to the competitive influx of $Mg^{2+}$ and $Ca^{2+}$ through the $Ca^{2+}$ channel.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.10-19
• /
• 1976

One hundred and seventy-four patients were treated in this Department since 1956. One hundred and fifteen patients of them were surgically treated. They were classified on the basis of the disease entity as follows; 48 case of thrombo-angiitis obliterance, 8 cases of Leriche syndrome, 12 cases of arterial embolism, 36 arterial aneurysm, 5 arterio-venous fistula, 15 arterial and venous injuries, 8 pulseless diseases, 2 coarctation of aortas, 15 varicose veins, 12 thrombophlebitis, 9 superior venacaval syndromes, 2 inferior vena caval obstructions and Raynaud's diseases. All the cases of the Burger's diseases were males, and half of them were in the fourth decades, 39 cases underwent undergone unilateral or bilateral sympathectomies. All the Leriche syndromes were males aged over fifty. Three cases out of six were suffering from diabetes mellitus. 2 cases underwent aorto-femoral bypass graft with Y-shaped dacrons. And two embolectomies were performed in 2 cases. Eight cases of arterial embolisms among 12 had mitral valvular diseases with auricular fibrillation The most common site of lodgement of emboli was femoral artery. Nine out of 14 underwent embolectomies with Fogarty catheters. There were 14 peripheral arterial aneurysms, 16 thoracic and/or abdominal aortic aneurysms, and 4 dissecting aneurysms. Most frequent cause of peripheral arterial aneurysms were external trauma. Thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms were non-traumatic. And four cases of the dissecting aneurysms had significant hypertension and aged over fifty. Among 5 cases of arteriovenous fistulas, 2 cases hand typical Branham's sign, and they were normalized after operation. Eight cases of pulseless disease were females and aged from three to twenty-five. Three out of them were treated surgically using dacron prosthetic grafts, but the results of the surgery were variable and not satisfactory. A case of coarctation of aorta was treated surgically with an excellent result. Fourteen out of 15 varicose veins underwent ligation of the saphenous vein system, exstirpation of the varicose veins, stripping or some combination of these methods. Two cases of superior vena caval syndromes were operated by bypass graft between the left innominate vein and the right auricle. Two cases of inferior vena caval obstructions were operated upon through right atrial route using extracorporial circulation. All the four cases of vena caval obstructions showed excellent results postoperatively. Two cases out of 12 thrombophlebitis underwent thrombectomies. One of two Raynaud's diseases was surgically treated with an excellent result.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제60권8호
• /
• pp.1606-1616
• /
• 2011

The blood pressure measuring equipment, which is being supplied and used most widely by being recognized convenience and accuracy now generally, is oscillometric blood pressure monitor. However, a change in blood pressure is basically influenced by diverse elements such as each individual's physiological status and physical condition. Thus, the measurement of blood pressure, which used single element called oscillation in blood pressure of being conveyed to cuff, is not considered on physiological elements such as cardiovascular system status and blood vessel stiffness index, and on external elements, thereby being quite in error. Accordingly, this study detected diverse bio-signals and body informations in each individual as the measurement subject such as ECG, PPG, and Korotkoff Sound in order to enhance convenience and accuracy of measuring blood pressure in the complex measurement equipment, thereby having extracted regression method for compensation in error of oscillometric blood pressure measurement on the wrist, and having improved accuracy of measuring blood pressure. To verify a method of improving accuracy, the blood pressure value in each of SBP, DBP, MAP was acquired through 4-stage experimental procedure targeting totally 51 subjects. Prior to experiment, the subjects were divided into two groups such as the experimental group for extracting regression method and the control group for verifying regression method. Its error was analyzed by comparing the reference blood pressure value, which was obtained through the auscultatory method, and the oscillometric blood pressure value on the wrist. To reduce the detected error, the blood pressure compensation regression method was calculated through multiple linear regression analysis on elements of blood pressure, individual body information, PTT, HR, K-Sound PSD change. Verification was carried out on improving significance and accuracy by applying the regression method to the data of control group. In the experimental results, as a result of confirming error on the reference blood pressure value in SBP, DBP, and MAP, which were acquired through applying regression method, the results of $-0.47{\pm}7.45$ mmHg, $-0.23{\pm}7.13$ mmHg, $0.06{\pm}6.39$ mmHg could be obtained. This is not only the numerical value of satisfying the sphygmomanometer reference of AAMI, but also shows the lower result than the numerical value in SBP : $-2.5{\pm}12.2$ mmHg, DBP : $-7.5{\pm}8.4$ mmHg, which is the mean error in the experimental results of Brram's research for verifying accuracy of Omron RX-M, which shows relatively high accuracy among wrist sphygmomanometers. Thus, the blood pressure compensation could be confirmed to be made within significant level.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.339-345
• /
• 2006

The blood-neural barrier (BNB), including blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-retinal barrier (BRB), is an endothelial barrier constructed by an extensive network of endothelial cells, astrocytes and neurons to form functional 'neurovascular units', which has an important role in maintaining a precisely regulated microenvironment for reliable neuronal activity. Although failure of the BNB may be a precipitating event or a consequence, the breakdown of BNB is closely related with the development and progression of CNS diseases. Therefore, BNB is most essential in the regulation of microenvironment of the CNS. The BNB is a selective diffusion barrier characterized by tight junctions between endothelial cells, lack of fenestrations, and specific BNB transporters. The BNB have been shown to be astrocyte dependent, for it is formed by the CNS capillary endothelial cells, surrounded by astrocytic end-foot processes. Given the anatomical associations with endothelial cells, it could be supposed that astrocytes play a role in the development, maintenance, and breakdown of the BNB. Therefore, astrocytes-endothelial cells interaction influences the BNB in both physiological and pathological conditions. If we better understand mutual interactions between astrocytes and endothelial cells, in the near future, we could provide a critical solution to the BNB problems and create new opportunities for future success of treating CNS diseases. Here, we focused astrocyte-endothelial cell interaction in the formation and function of the BNB.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.728-739
• /
• 1998

To improve wellness and quality of life by recognizing the health efforts of stress, the author estimated the relationships between stress, subjective symptoms and clinical diagnosis through a questionnaire and a battery of specified laboratory tests; electrocardiography, blood pressure, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase$(\gamma-GTP)$, fasting blood sugar, gastro-endoscopy or UGI, abdominal sonography, etc. The data was gathered from 337 clients who were undergoing multiphasic screening program at a University Hospital from January to March 1998. The mean age of subjects was $46.5{\pm}11.2$ years and the mean of body mass index was $24.0{\pm}3.7kg/m^2$. The mean vol of stress was $18.5{\pm}6.0$ expressed as the score out of 40. By general characteristics and lift style among male, mean level of stress was significantly higher in case of lower socioeconomic status, habitual drug use, longer daily working time(>10 hours), no regular exercise, drinkers, irregular meal, skip-ping breakfast(p<0.05). In case of female, that was significantly higher in case of lower education, lowe. socioeconomic status, longer daily working time(>10 hours), no regular exercise, drinkers, smokers, irregular meal, skipping breakfast(p<0.05). Significant correlations were observed between stress and subjective symptoms in all kinds of organ system (p<0.01). Correlation coefficients of stress among male were relatively high with neuro-psychiatric symptom$(\gamma=0.476)$ and cardio-vascular symptom$(\gamma=0.361)$ in order, and correlation coefficients of stress among female was highest with neuro-psychiatric symptom$(\gamma=0.371)$. The prevalence of the diagnosis through the battery of laboratory tests was high in upper gastrointestinal disorders and hypercholesterolemia in order in both sex group. Among male the mean score of stress was significantly high in ulcerative peptic disorder of upper gastrointestine and hepatopathy in order (p<0.05) . Among female that was significantly high in diabetes mellitus. In summary, it is likely that there are associations between stress, subjective symptoms and clinical diagnosis. To promote wellness and quality of life it would be of value that periodic stress evaluation program and stress management including apropriate control of smoking and drinking, regular exercise and meal.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.1024-1030
• /
• 2007

We investigated the human apolipoprotein E2 (apoE2) transgenic mouse as an animal model system for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Transgenic mice expressing human apoE2 and C57BL/6J mice were fed normal chow or a high-fat diet for 4 weeks. Eyes were collected from the mice and lipid deposits in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were assessed using electron microscopy. The expressions of apoE, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and pigment-epithelium derived factor (PEDF), which are molecular markers for angiogenesis, were assessed with immunohistochemistry. Eyes from apoE2 mice, regardless of diet, contained lipid accumulation in RPE under electron microscopy, whereas control C57BL/6J eyes did not. Lipid accumulation was found predominantly in the RPE and the Bruch's membrane and increased in the eyes of apoE2 mice after one month of a high-fat diet ($8{\pm}2\;per\;50{\mu}m^2$ for normal chow and $11{\pm}2\;per\;50\;{\mu}m^2,\;p<0.05)$. ApoE expression was similar in the apoE2 and control mice; however, VEGF and bFGF were overexpressed in the retinal pigment epithelium of apoE2 eyes compared with control eyes, and PEDF expression was slightly decreased. These expression patterns of VEGF, bFGF, and PEDF suggest angiogenesis is progressing in apoE2 eyes. In conclusion, the eyes of apoE2 mice develop typical lipid accumulations, a common characteristic of AMD, making them a suitable animal model for AMD. The expression profile of VEGF and bFGF on the retinal pigment epithelium suggests that apoE2 may induce neovascularization by altering angiogenic cytokines.