• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.87-95
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• 1995

A rapid and selective co-extraction systems of copper and zinc-thiocyanate complex into various types of alkylamine for the simultaneous determination of two metal ions by atomic absorption spectrometry and ion chromatograph have been proposed. The quantitative extractions of Cu(II) and Zn(II) at 0.1 M-thiocyanate and 0.1 M-HCI were achieved with Aliquat 336-$CHCl_3$. The detection limits of Cu and Zn were 2 ppb and 0.9 ppb respectively.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.66-73
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• 1997

This procedure describes the method for gas chromatographic determination of 31 organophosphorus and 28 organochlorine pesticides in 10g of spinach, tomato and onion. After the pesticides were extracted with several solvents, the amount of coextractives and recovery rates of acephate and methamidophos were calculated. Samples for organochlorine pesticides were cleaned up with florisil solid phase extraction columns. NaBH$_4$ was added to onion extracts, which contained sulfur compound. All the concentrated extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography with ECD and NPD. The smallest amount of coextractives resulted from the spinach samples extracted with 5% MeOH in ethyl acetate. 5% EOH in ethyl acetate had the highest extractability for acephate and methamidophos and gave the best overall performance as an extraction solvent. The ability of 5% EOH in ethyl acetate to extract various organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides from spinach, tomato and onion was examined. Recovery of 59 insecticides ranged from 58.0% to 110.5%. The average recoveries of fortified spinach, tomato and onion were 90.08%, 94.54% and 84.90%, respectively.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.79-83
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• 1991

The extracts of Quercisemen(Quereus acutissima Carruthers seed) powder was obtained by the extraction with distilled water, water : acetonet(1:1, v/v), ethanol and ethyl ether, respectively. As a result this experiment, the antioxidative activity of each solvent extracts on linoleic acid were examined as follows: 1. Each fraction extracted by the acetone : water(1:1, v/v), water and ethanol respectively showed high antioxidative activity. 2. A fraction of the tannin extracted from the solvent, acetone, water(1:1, v/v) showed even more antioxidative activity than that of the ${\alpha}$-tocopherol or BHT. 3. Acceleration of peroxide reaction by $Fe^{++}$ and $Cu^{++}$ on the linoleic acid was strongly inhibited by adding the tannin, 4. Organic acid, such as malic acid, citiric acid and tartaric acid with the tannin were showed the synergistic effect fo the antioxidation reaction.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 모과내의 여러 가지 기능성 유용성분을 효과적으로 추출하기 위해서, 모과나무의 익은 열매로 만든 약재인 모과를 사용 하였다. 모과의 기능성 유용성분 용매 추출 공정의 최적 조건을 확립하고자 하였다. 모과를 에탄올에 추출하여 반응표면 분석법으로 모니터링하여 최적 용매 조건을 설정하였다. 중심합성계획법에 따라 시료에 대한 용매비($X_{1}$)와 추출온도($X_{2}$), 추출시간($X_{3}$)을 요인변수로 하고 추출수율($Y_{1}$), 총 페놀 함량($Y_{2}$), 전자공여능($Y_{3}$), 갈색도($Y_{4}$), 환원당($Y_{5}$)을 종속변수로 하여 시행하였다. 실험 결과 추출수율은 추출 온도와 추출 시간에 유의하게 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다. 안장점에서 추출조건은 시료에 대한 용매비는 26.38 mL/g, 추출온도는 72.82$^{\circ}C$, 추출시간은 74.86 min에서 최대값을 나타내었다. 총페놀 함량은 용매비와 시간에 영향을 거의 받지 않았고 추출시간에는 영향을 받았으며, 최대값은 20.70 mg/mL 로 나타났다. 이때의 추출조건은 시료에 대한 용매비는 22.61 mL/g, 추출온도는 84.49$^{\circ}C$, 추출시간은 77.25 min으로 나타났다. 전자공여능은 추출온도에 따라 유의하게 영향을 받은 것으로 나타났다. 안장점에서의 추출조건인 시료에 대한 용매비 10.65 mL/g, 추출온도 67.78$^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 96.75 min에서 추출수율은 94.12%로 예측되었다. 갈색도에 대한 추출조건은 시료에 대한 용매비 23.77 mL/g, 추출온도 87.27$^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 96.68 min 일 때 안장점이 나타났다. 환원당은 시료에 대한 용매비 26.83 mL/g, 추출온도 82.167$^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 81.94 min에서 10.55 mg/mL로 최대값을 나타내었고 추출시간에 영향을 받았다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.496-502
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• 1985

농산물에 잔류되어 있는 16종의 유기염소제 농약들을 기체-액체 크로마토그래피(GLC)로 동시에 정량하기 위하여 필요한 전처리 과정인 용매추출과 불순물 제거(Cleanup) 처리에 대하여 조사 검토 하였다. 농산물로 부터 농약들을 $H_3PO_4$와 물을 가한 강산성(pH 1.5이하)의 actone용액으로 녹여낸 다음, petroleum ether를 분배 용매로 사용하여 농약을 추출시켰다. 추출물에서 용매를 증발시켜 날려보내고 ethylether-petroleum ether (6 : 94) 용리액으로 녹여서 650$^{\circ}$C에서 활성화 시킨 Florisil관을 통과시켜 불순물을 제거 하였다. Petroleum ether에 의한 추출효과는 94%이상으로 AOAC법 보다는 우수 하였고, Florisil관 크로마토그래피법에 의해 불순물이 제거되었다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.228-234
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• 1998

다양한 수질 오염원 중 페놀과 같은 유기화합물은 배출조건이 비정상적인 경우 기존의 처리방법으로 제거하거나 파괴하기 어렵다. 수용액으로부터 페놀을 분리하기 위한 최근의 연구들은 활성탄에 의한 흡착, 용매 추출 등에 의해 수행되어져 왔으며, 물-기름 유화에 기초를 둔 액막법이 기존의 기술들을 대체하기 위한 방법으로 시험되어져 왔다. 본 연구에서는 tri-n-butyl phosphate(TBP)와 액상 고분자를 지지액막의 액막용액으로 선정하여 수용액상의 페놀을 분리하였다. 공급측 페놀 농도를 변화시키고 다양한 액막용액을 사용하여 이들이 페놀분리에 미치는 효과를 연구하였다. TBP를 운반체로 사용한 경우의 실험결과들은 용매추출에서 주로 사용되고 있는 methyl isobutyl ketone(MIBK)보다 높은 물질전달속도를 보여주었으며, 선택한 액상고분자 중 polypropylene glycol 4000(PPG-4000), polybutylene glycol 500(PBG 500)의 경우 MIBK와 유사하거나 조금 높은 값을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.847-852
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• 2007

This study investigated an efficient method for the extraction of astaxanthin from the red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. The extraction process comprised three steps: 1) cultivating the yeast; 2) treating the yeast culture suspension with microwaves to destroy the cell walls and microbodies; and 3) drying the yeast and extracting the astaxanthin pigment using ethanol, methanol, acetone, or a mixture of the three as the extraction solvent. Ultimately, various treatment tests were performed to determine the conditions for optimal pigment extraction, and the total carotenoid and astaxanthin contents were quantified. A frequency of 2,450 MHz, an output of 500 watts, and irradiation time of 60 s were the most optimum conditions for yeast cell wall destruction. Furthermore, optimal pigment extraction occurred when using a cell density of 10g/l at $30^{\circ}C$ over 24 h, with a 10% volume of ethanol.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2009

양파 과육부에 함유되어 있는 유용 성분인 quercetin과 그 배당체를 다양한 착즙 및 추출방법에 따른 수율을 측정, 분석하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 양파과육 의 quercetin과 배당체의 최적 추출 조건으로는 50$^{\circ}C$에서 60% methanol를 용매로 사용했을 때 15분의 추출시간인 것으로 나왔으며 용매와 시료의 비율이 0.8 mL/g일 때 추출 수율이 가장 좋았다. 초음파를 60분 동안 처리 시 대조군에 비하여 2.06배의 추출 증가 효과를 볼 수 있었으며 microwave는 60초 조사 시에 최대의 추출 증가 효과를 나타내어 microwave를 처리하지 않은 시료와 비교하여 quercetin과 배당체가 2.14배 많이 추출되었다. 효소 처리 시 cellulase 용액과 시료의 비율이 0.5 mL/g일 때 quercetin과 배당체의 수율이 가장 높았으며 1.65 배 더 많이 추출되었고 viscozyme과 시료의 비율이 0.5 mL/g일 때 quercetin과 배당체의 수율이 가장 높았으며 추출증가율은 2.29 배인 것으로 나왔다. 가장 많은 quercetin과 배당체의 추출 수율을 보인 방법은 viscozyme과 시료의 비율이 0.5 mL/g일 때의 0.070${\pm}$0.002 mg/g인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.476-484
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dyeing properties and anti-microbial ability of silk and wool fabrics dyed with Terminalia chebula Retzius(TCR) extract using two extraction solvent, hot water and methanol. Dyeing properties of fabrics were studied by investigating the characteristics of colorant, changes in dye uptake under different dyeing conditions, and by investigating color change when mordants were applied. Also, color fastness, and antimicrobial activity of dyed fabrics were estimated. Regardless of extraction solvent type, colorant showed maximum absorption wavelength at 280 nm and 578 nm, which implied that tannin was the major pigment component of TCR. Also, through FT-IR spectrum result, it was confirmed that tannin of TCR methanol extract was hydrolysable tannin. But for the hot water extract, it was only assumed that its tannin was condenced tannin. Fabric dyed with hot water solvent extract showed higher dye uptake than fabric dyed with methanol solvent extract, dye uptake increasing by higher concentration of the dye, longer dyeing time and higher dyeing temperature. And the absorption curve between TCR extract and protein fiber was shaped in the form of Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Fabric dyed without mordant was yellow in color, and when dyed with mordant, fabric showed various colors depending on mordant types except Sn. Color fastness to washing was generally fine and color fastness to light was moderate. But color fastness to rubbing and dry cleaning was outstanding. Lastly, dyed fabrics showed very good antimicrobial activity of 99.9% against Staphylococcus aureus and Kiebsiella pneumoniae.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.903-908
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• 2006

Various extraction procedures were investigated using reference materials and samples to evaluate extraction efficiency and effectiveness. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to measure total arsenic and to quantitate arsenic species when coupled to an HPLC (high pressure liquid chromatography). Arsenic species were extracted from rice flour (NIST SRM 1568a) with water/methanol mixtures using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). Total arsenic extraction efficiency ranged from 42 to 64%, for water and various methanol concentrations. From spinach (NIST SRM 1570), freeze-dried apple, and rice flour (NIST SRM 1568a), arsenic species were extracted with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) at 100 ${^{\circ}C}$. Total arsenic extraction efficiency was 90% for spinach, 75% for freeze-dried apple, and 83% for rice flour. Enzymatic extraction with alpha-amylase and sonication resulted in extraction efficiency of 104% for rice flour, 98% for freeze-dried apple, and 7% for spinach. Chromatograms of arsenic species extracted by the optimum extraction methods were obtained, and the species were quantified. Arsenite (As(III)), arsenate (As(V)), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) were found in the apple sample, and DMA and As(V) in the rice flour sample. As(V) and MMA were found in three herbal dietary supplement samples.