• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.391-402
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to understand the characteristics and improvements of Korean foods by using the ISA (Importance Satisfaction Analysis) targeting Korean students in international schools in the Seoul Metropolitan area. It also analyzes the difference in the importance and satisfaction of Korean foods, and to provide basic data for developing various healthy diets which are suitable for target students. Target groups are 7 to 12 graders which consist of 62 male students and 42 female students, and most of them had lived in the United States with duration of staying abroad from 1 year to less than 3 years and duration of attending schools from 1 year to less than 2 years. Most of their family structures are the nuclear family, and most of their fathers work in management positions and mothers are mostly full-time housewives. The most favored and consumed food is fruits and the least favored is seaweeds. Perceptions regarding Korean foods are mainly positive and more female students than male students consider Korean foods as well-being foods. The important factor for choosing Korean food is the flavor, and the highest satisfaction lies in the cleanliness of food and tableware, and food temperatures appear to be less important than other factors regarding both importance and satisfaction aspects. The flavor turns out to be the most influential when consuming Korean foods, and information on Korean foods is mostly acquired from advices of those around and through words-of-mouth, and many comments point out that the levels of sanitation should be improved. The result of ISA regarding determinant factors in choosing Korean foods by Korean students in international schools shows that efforts for aggressive improvements should be made in areas for 'the amount of food', 'the price of food', and 'the curiosity on food'.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.563-567
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• 2006

Two experiments were conducted to compare the effect of various vitamins on performance and digestibility in growing pigs. In experiment 1, a total of 54 pigs ($L{\times}Y{\times}D$, $42.73{\pm}2.40kg$) were assigned to three treatments in a randomized complete block design with three replicates (6 pigs/pen) for 40 days. The three dietary treatments were: 100% fat-soluble vitamins (FSV) and water-soluble vitamins (WSV); 150% FSV and 100% WSV of NRC (1998); and 100% FSV and 150% WSV of NRC (1998). In experiment 2, a total of 180 pigs ($L{\times}Y{\times}D$, $28.20{\pm}3.05 kg$) were assigned to four treatments in a completely randomized design with three replicates for four weeks (15 pigs/pen). The four dietary treatments were, 150% vitamin A and 100% other vitamins, 150% vitamin D and 100% other vitamins, 150% vitamin E and 100% other vitamins, and 150% vitamin K and 100% other vitamins. In experiment 1, there were significant differences in growth performance and digestibility of nutrients among the treatments. The ADG, ADFI and FCR of pigs fed 150% FSV diet were better (p<0.05) than those fed the control diet. However, there were no differences (p>0.05) in ADG, ADFI and FCR between pigs fed the control and 150% WSV diets. Digestibilities of dry matter, gross energy and calcium were improved in 150% FSV treatment group compared with control (p<0.05). However, the improvement was similar when compared with 150% WSV except for Ca. In experiment 2, there were no differences (p>0.05) in ADG, ADFI and FCR and nutrient digestibility between the fat-soluble vitamin treatments when fed at the 150% level. In conclusion, growing pigs were more responsive to additional fat-soluble vitamin supplements over the requirements suggested by NRC (1998) than to water-soluble vitamin supplements as measured by growth performance and digestibility of nutrients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.867-878
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• 2020

A significant proportion of the African continent is conducive for animal agricultural production, due to its historical experience and available resources to accommodate and nurture various indigenous and exotic animal species and breeds. With food security being a global challenge, animal products can play an important role as nutrient dense food sources in human diets, particularly in Africa. However, this does not seem to reach its full potential in practice, due to numerous reasons that have not been adequately addressed. Animal welfare reservations can be highlighted as one of the major contributing factors to the curbed progress. The consequences have been scientifically proven to affect product quality and market access. However, in the African community, the concept of animal welfare has not been fully embraced. While there are international animal welfare standards in the developed world, there are inherent factors that hinder adoption of such initiatives in most developing regions, particularly among communal farmers. These include cultural norms and practices, social ranking, socio-economic status, available resources, information dissemination and monitoring tools. Therefore, there is need to harmonize what is internationally required and what is feasible to accommodate global variability. The protocols followed to ensure and evaluate farm animal welfare require regular investigation, innovation and a sustainable approach to enhance animal productivity, efficiency and product quality. Additionally, investing in animal wellbeing and health, as well as empowering communities with significant knowledge, has a potential to improve African livelihoods and contribute to food security. This review seeks to highlight the concept of animal welfare in relation to livestock and food production in African conditions.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.135-142
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• 2018

Recently, research on the processing of raw functional materials with the aim of improving various physiological activities has been conducted. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of royal jelly (RJ) hydrolysates obtained from three commercial proteases. Enzyme-treated royal jelly (ERJ), in which the RJ hydrolysates were converted into easy-to-absorb shorter chain monomers through the removal of two known allergen proteins, showed no difference in the content of (E)-10-hydroxydec-2-enoicacid (10-HDA) or the freshness parameter and showed a significant increase in total free amino acid content. The antioxidant activity of ERJ was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and chemical assays. The ERJ showed about 80% DPPH-radical scavenging activity at same concentration of ascorbic acid. The antioxidant effect of ERJ was confirmed to be due to reduction of intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-treated macrophages. Moreover, ERJ significantly increased the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, these antioxidant activities of ERJ were stronger than those of non-treated RJ. These findings indicate that ERJ has high potential as an antioxidant agent for use in human and animal diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1292-1302
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• 2017

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of rapeseed meal (RSM) supplementation in weaning pig diet on growth performance, blood profile, carcass characteristics and economic analysis on weaning to finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 120 cross bred ([Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace]${\times}$Duroc) weaning pigs were allotted to 5 treatments in a randomized complete block design. Each treatment had 4 replications with 6 pigs per pen. Five different levels of RSM (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) were used as dietary treatments. Results: Overall, no treatment showed significant differences in growth performance with increased dietary RSM levels. The concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) decreased as dietary RSM levels increased in 6 weeks (linear response, p<0.01). Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine showed no significant differences, neither were there any significant differences in the immune response (IgG and IgA). As the dietary RSM levels of weaning pig diet were increased, no differences were found among dietary treatments upon performing proximate analyses of the pork after finishing. The influence of RSM supplementation on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention were not affected by dietary RSM levels either. With increased dietary RSM levels in the weaning pig diet, no differences among dietary treatments were found after performing proximate analyses of the pork's physiochemical properties. In addition, there were no significant differences observed in pork colors, pH levels, and economic benefits. Conclusion: Consequently, this experiment demonstrated that weaning pig's diet containing RSM influenced BUN concentration, but there were no detrimental effects on the growth performance of weaning pigs with up to 8% RSM in the diet.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.2061-2068
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• 2015

Background: Tumors are largely unable to metabolize ketone bodies for energy due to various deficiencies in one or both of the key mitochondrial enzymes, which may provide a rationale for therapeutic strategies that inhibit tumor growth by administration of a ketogenic diet with average protein but low in carbohydrates and high in fat. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six male BALB/C nude mice were injected subcutaneously with tumor cells of the colon cancer cell line HCT116. The animals were then randomly split into three feeding groups and fed either a ketogenic diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and MCT (MKD group; n=12) or lard only (LKD group; n=12) or a standard diet (SD group; n=12) ad libitum. Experiments were ended upon attainment of the target tumor volume of $600mm^3$ to $700mm^3$. The three diets were compared for tumor growth and survival time (interval between tumor cell injection and attainment of target tumor volume). Results: The tumor growth in the MKD and LKD groups was significantly delayed compared to that in the SD group. Conclusions: Application of an unrestricted ketogenic diet delayed tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. Further studies are needed to address the mechanism of this diet intervention and the impact on other tumor-relevant parameters such as invasion and metastasis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.138-146
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• 2007

Food irradiation has been steadily increased in many countries concomitantly with increasing international trades. Harmful contaminants naturally occurred from foods which contain high levels of unsaturated fatty acids that are easily oxidized can affect the human anti-oxidation system through the generation of free radicals. Moreover, previous studies proved that ${\gamma}$-irradiation may cause production of free radicals in food. We investigated the effect of ${\gamma}$-irradiated soybeans in relation to oxidative stress in mice. Oxidative index of mice was evaluated by TBARS, DNA fragmentation in various organs such as blood lymphocytes, liver and kidney. Forty male ICR mice were equally divided into 4 groups and fed control diet or ${\gamma}$-irradiated diet containing 50% soybeans (5, 10, and 20 kGy, respectively) for 8 weeks. Peroxide values of the irradiated diets were higher than that of the non-irradiated one and increased according to the storage period. There was no significant difference in weight gain as well as in TBARS value in plasma and kidney of all groups. Liver TBARS value of the group fed with irradiated diet at 20 kGy increased significantly compared with the control group (p < 0.05). DNA oxidative damage as measured by alkaline comet assay showed that % tail DNA in the blood lymphocytes of 5 kGy and 10 kGy groups increased significantly over the control group (p < 0.05). Also, tail moments of 5 kGy and 10 kGy groups were higher than that of the control group. Ultrastructural examination shows myeline figures and swollen mitochondria in parietal and intestinal epithelial cells of the group fed with irradiated diet. Therefore, considering unsaturated fatty acid content, consumption of soybeans ${\gamma}$-irradiated with over 20 kGy or repeatedly may decrease the body's antioxidant mechanism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.266-272
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• 1993

Some compounds including flavonoids were tested as scavenger of nitrite which is believed to participate in the formation of N-nitroso compound. Many were found to be potent scavengers and the most potent ones were ascorbic arid, potassium thiocyanate, chlorogenic acid, catechin, morin, luteolin, luteolin-7-glucoside, and naringenin. To evaluate the influence of the above compounds on the endogenous formation of N-nitroso compound, the amount of nitrosoproline (NPRO) was examined by co-incubation of nitrite, proline, and test compounds at various concentrations. The analysis of NPRO by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was newly developed. Most compounds except ascorbic acid and chlorogenic acid were found to be no effects or activatory effects on NPRO formation. From the results obtained, it was suggested that most flavonoids which are contained in our customary diets were not associated with the inhibition of NPRO formation.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.633-644
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• 2005

The body mass index, blood pressures and blood profiles of adults, who worked at three colleges in the Daejeon area, were evaluated for use in developing well-balanced menus at their workplace cafeterias and/or in creating nutrition education programs tailored to their health statuses. The data analyzed were from physical examinations performed in 2002 and in 2004 by the National Health Insurance Corporation. Overall, levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and serum cholesterol were lower in the 2004 samples than in those of 2002, but most samples in 2004 showed higher levels of SGOT. In 2002, statistical differences occured in the levels of blood pressure and serum cholesterol among age groups, but not in 2004. And in 2004, the older the age group, the higher the BMI. Among subjects in their twenties, three variables (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and serum cholesterol) showed statistical differences; this increased to four variables (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose and serum cholesterol) among subjects in their thirties and to six variables (Hb, SGOT, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose and serum cholesterol) among those in their forties, followed by a decline to four variables (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Hb and serum cholesterol) among subjects in their fifties. In general, the results of physical examinations showed improvements in blood pressure and blood profiles in 2004 in comparison with results in 2002. The level of SGOT was the exception. Despite these improvements, of those employees who had physical examinations in 2004, $5.2\%$ had high blood glucose and $18.1\%$ hypertension, $27.9\%$ hypercholesterolemia, $8.3\%$ registered abnormal liver functions, and $31.3\%$ were classified as overweight and obese. Moreover, because some vulnerable blood profiles were found in the older age groups, various programs, including nutrition education, and/or development of healthful diets as well as excercise activities, may be needed within their workplaces.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.504-510
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effects of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf extract (MLE) on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in liver membranes of rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats (160$\pm$10 g) were fed basic diet (control group), and experimental diets (MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups) added 100 and 300 mg/kg BW/day for 6 weeks. Hydroxyl radical (.OH) levels resulted in a significant decreases (15.2% and 18.1%, 5.6% and 8.0%, respectively) in liver mitochondria and microsomes could be not obtained. These are no significant differences in superoxide radical ($O_2$) levels of liver cytosol in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Lipid peroxide (LPO) levels were slightly decreased about 13.6% and 6.1% in liver mitochondria and microsomes of MLE-300 group compared with control group. Oxidized protein (OP) levels were remarkably decreased about 16.9% and 27.2% in liver microsomes only of MLE-100 and MLE-300 group compared with control group. Mn-SOD activities in liver mitochondria were remarkably increased (18.2% and 28.7%, respectively) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups, and Cu,Zn-SOD activities in liver cytosol were also significantly increased (11.3% and 20.2%, respectively) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Mn-SOD activities in liver mitochondria were remarkably increased (18.2% and 28.7%, respectively) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups, and Cu,Zn-SOD activities in liver cytosol were also significantly increased (11.3% and 20.2%, respectively) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group, but significant difference between GSHPx activities in liver cytosol could be not obtained. These results suggest that anti-aging effect of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) may play a pivotal role in attenuating a various age-related changes.