• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.770-778
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• 2023

Purpose: In order to reduce forklift industrial accidents, it is necessary to classify them into institutional, technical, and educational factors and conduct research on whether each factor affects disaster reduction. Method: Descriptive statistical analysis, validity analysis, reliability analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted using SPSS 18 program based on an offline questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale. Result: As a result of multiple regression analysis, it was found that institutional, technical, and educational factors, which are independent variables for disaster reduction, explain about 62.5% of the variance in disaster prevention, which is the dependent variable. The regression model verification was found to be statistically significant with F=118.775 and significance probability p<0.01. Conclusion: First, there is a need to prevent disasters by including electric forklifts weighing less than 3 tons in the inspection system. Second, there is a need to make it mandatory to install front and rear cameras and forklift line beams to prevent forklift collision disasters. Third, there is a need to conduct special training related to forklifts every year, and drivers and nearby workers need to be included in the special training for forklifts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 1999

A model predicted describing the effect of cigarette making materials on the level of filter ventilation was developed and evaluated. The developed model was expressed in terms of a linear and quadratic relationship which was validated with experimental measurements for different porosity of plug wrap and tipping paper, unencapsulated pressure drop of filter plug and cigarette column and vent position. Forty-six experimental frequencies were determined as a result of using three levels with five factors Box-Behnken design and analyzed by the multiple regression analysis with backward stepwise in STATISTICA/PC under restricted conditions. The four factors, except filter pressure drop variable, were statistically significant at the level of 0.05 but most of all linear by linear interactions were comparatively lower significant. By the analysis of linear and quadratic regression coefficient, filter ventilation of the cigarette was affected by porosity of plugwrap (5.87, -4.25), porosity of tip paper (5.68, -1.00), vent position (-3.87, 3.08), tobacco column pressure drop (2.56, 0.66), and filter pressure drop (1.50, 0.58) in the decreasing order. It should be emphasized that the major conclusion of this study was not that any particular parameter was linear or quadratic on any limit scale, but that there were highly significant relationships among factors involving linear, quadratic and their interaction and perhaps even linearity between and within factors. While, there is also quite strong evidence that vent position from mouth end and cigarette making materials are reverse relationship on this experimental model. On the basis of the result, it can be concluded that the porosity of the plug wrap and tipping paper has a marked effect on degree of filter ventilation rate. The F-value of plug wrap and tipping paper porosity among five factors were 39.2 and 36.8 respectively with P-value of 0.000 indicating higher significant for both factors. According to the analysis of variance, the model fitted for filter ventilation was significant at 5% confidence level and the coefficient of determination ($R^2$=0.84) was the proportion to variability in the data well fitted for by the model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.779-792
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• 2008

The consumption of a wide variety of food groups is considered one of the key components of nutritional adequacy. The 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Koreans includes the consumption of a variety of foods from diverse food groups as a component of a normal diet. A survey was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the dietary diversity of food groups and nutrient intake in elderly patients (age 65 and above) at a rural area in Korea (Inje). 296 subjects (111 male and 185 female) were probed in a 3 day 24-recall dietary survey. Subjects were grouped according to food group intake frequency, based on six food groups (grain, meat/fish/legume/egg, vegetable, fat/oil, dairy, fruit). Nutritional quality was evaluated according to the numbers of nutrients under EAR (Estimated Average Requirements), and MAR (mean adequacy ratios). The frequency of elderly subjects consuming a meat/fish/legumes/egg food group less than once per day was 29.4%. The frequency of elderly subjects consuming fat/oil food group less than once per day was 65.8%. The percentage of subjects who did not eat dairy food was 88.8%, and that of subjects who did not eat fruit was 57.5%. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to develop models relating nutritional quality to possible food group intake frequency factors. Using the number of nutrients under EAR as a dependent variable, the meat/fish/legume/egg food group intake frequency explained 9.9% of variance, followed by the grain group, fat/oil group, dairy group, and vegetable and fruit group (Model $R^2$=0.260). For mean nutrient adequacy ratio as a dependent variable, the model $R^2$ was 0.326. The results of this study suggest that a highly varied diet in elderly might be associated with better nutritional quality, as assessed by nutrient intake. Accordingly, dietary guidelines should take into consideration nutritional characteristics in order to improve intake from all major food groups and to provide a variety of foods in the diet.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.87-103
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of intent to leave among workers at long-term care institutions in South Korea. The model represents a revision of the Price(2001) model which extends previous research by providing a comprehensive review of the economic, psychological, sociological literature. This study also examined the moderating effects of values toward independent variables on the job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The sample used in this study consisted of 400 workers from 9 long-term care hospitals and facilities nationwide. Data were collected with self-administered questionnaires and analysed using multiple regression analysis and path analysis. The main results of the study were as follows. The variance of job satisfaction and organizational commitment explained by the independent variables used in the study are 74.5% and 76.3% respectively. The results of this study revealed that the following variables have significant negative effects on intent to leave among workers; organizational commitment, job satisfaction, positive affectivity, supervisor support, job significance, job security, job growth. And the following variables have significant positive effects on intent to leave among workers; job opportunity, negative affectivity. This result is same when the moderating role of values were considered in the analysis. Among demographic variables, only age was found to have a significant positive effect on the intent to leave among workers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.210-222
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• 2004

In recent years, the number and proportion of Korean elderly have grown rapidly, and elderly individuals show a disproportionate risk for poor nutritional status. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of sociodemographic background to nutrient intake of persons 65 years of age or older, living in 15 cities in Korea. Data on 1973 subjects (603 males, 1370 females), who participated in the Korean Elderly Nutrition Survey (2000), were analyzed. Their mean age was 72.3 years and their mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.2 kg/$m^2$. Basic sociodemographic data were obtained through personal interviews. The 98-item semi-food frequency questionnaire, developed and previously validated for Korean middle-aged and elderly subjects, was administered. “Percentage of subjects who consumed under 75％ Korean RDA,” “number of nutrients consumed below 75％ Korean RDA,” “mean nutrient adequacy ratio,” and “nutrient density” were used to determine nutritional status. Male elderly had better nutritional quality than female elderly. Nutritional quality decreased with age, especially in older elderly (over 75). Elderly who were underweight (BMI 〈 20 kg/$m^2$) showed poorer nutritional quality than those who were normal weight (BMI 20∼25 kg/$m^2$) and overweight (BMI $\geq$ 25 kg/$m^2$). Elderly who lived alone had significantly poorer nutritional quality than those who lived with a spouse, and/or with children. Lower education level and economic dependence also showed lower nutritional quality. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of specific sociodemographic factors on nutritional quality. For number of nutrients under 75％ RDA as a dependent variable, education level explained 4.8％ of the variance, followed by living status, age, body mass index, gender, and living expense support (Model $R^2$ = 0.091). For mean nutrient adequacy ratio as a dependent variable, model $R^2$ was 0.098. Therefore, sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, body mass index, living status, educational level, and economic status influenced elderly nutrition status. These results indicate that an elderly nutrition intervention should focus on subjects who are poorly educated, living alone, age 75 or older, and/or underweight.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.9-19
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to identify multidimensional factors influencing burnout in intensive care unit(ICU) nurses. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. Data were collected during February 2016 from a convenience sample of 222 tertiary hospital ICU nurses and analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Burnout correlated positively with compassion fatigue (CF)(r=.37, p<.001), and negatively with compassion satisfaction (CS)(r=-.66, p<.001). The regression model explained 57% of the variance in burnout. For individual characteristics in the model, perceived health status (${\beta}=-.27$, p<.001) and gender (${\beta}=.14$, p=.028) were the most influential factors for ICU nurses' burnout. In the model with added work-related characteristics, nursing environment (${\beta}=-.22$, p=.001), perceived health status (${\beta}= -.20$, p=.001), and satisfaction with department (${\beta}=-.19$, p=.007) were the most influential factors. Finally, for the model with psychological characteristics added, CS (${\beta}=-.56$, p<.001) and CF (${\beta}=.35$, p<.001) were the most influential factors. Conclusion: Results reveal that most ICU nurses have a moderate level of CF and a moderate to high level of CS and burnout, and that individual, work-related and psychological factors are relevant in ICU nurses' burnout. Programs or interventions to reduce burnout should be developed taking into account these multidimensional factors.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.893-904
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• 2000

The sample of this study consisted of 140 informal caregivers who provided care to the older adults(over 60 years of age) in Great Cleveland, USA. Self-rated questionnaires were utilized to collect information. The purpose of the study was to identify coping strategies most frequently utilized by informal caregivers of older adults and to examine predictors of the caregivers' health responses to the caregiving situation applying Lazarus and Folkman stress model(1984). Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify significant predictors among caregivers' demographic-socio-economic factors, older adult's dependency of activities of daily living(ADLs), caregiver's appraisal to the caregiving situation, and coping strategies. Informal caregivers (N=140) included in the study utilized help-seeking and problem-solving coping strategies more than self-blame and minimization of threat coping strategies. Caregivers' responses to the caregiving situation were observed by caregivers' perceived physical health, depression and life satisfaction. For perceived physical health, threat appraisal, older adult's dependency on ADLs, existential growth coping strategy, and monthly income accounted for 25% of the variance. Caregivers who appraised the caregiving situation as more threatening, reported higher dependency on ADLs, used more existential growth coping strategy, and had higher monthly income reported better physical health. For depression, threat appraisal, stress appraisal, existential growth coping strategy, self-blame coping strategy, and monthly income accounted for 48% of the variance. Caregivers who used more existential growth coping and less self-blame coping, appraised the situation as less threatening, less stressful, and had higher monthly income reported less depression. For life satisfaction, self-blame coping, existential growth coping, monthly income, stress appraisal accounted for 49% of the variance. Caregivers who used more existential growth coping, less self-blame coping, less stress appraisal, lower monthly income reported better life satisfaction. In conclusion, informal caregivers in this study utilized positive coping strategies such as problem-focused, existential growth, help-seeking, rather than negative coping strategies including self-blame. When they utilized positive coping strategies more often, caregivers experienced higher perceived physical health, higher life satisfaction and lower depression. Therefore, nursing intervention which utilized positive coping strategies is needed to enhance informal caregivers to have positive health responses to the caregiving demands.

• Korean small business review
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.103-120
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• 2009

As business incubation centers (BICs) have been operating for more than 10 years in Korea, many early stage startups tend to use the services provided by the incubating centers. BICs in Korea have accumulated the knowledge and experience in the past ten years and their services have been considerably improved. The business incubating service has three facets : (1) business infrastructure service, (2) direct service, and (3) indirect service. The mission of BICs is to provide the early stage entrepreneurs with the incubating service in a limited period time to help them grow strong enough to survive the fierce competition after graduating from the incubation. However, the incubating services sometimes fail to foster the independence of new startup companies, and raise the dependence of many companies on BICs. Thus, the dependence on BICs is a very important factor to understand the survival of the incubated startup companies after graduation from BICs. The purpose of this study is to identify the main factors that influence the firm's dependence on BICs and to characterize the relationships among the identified factors. The business incubating service is a core construct of this study. It includes various activities and resources, such as offering the physical facilities, legal service, and connecting them with outside organizations. These services are extensive and take various forms. They are provided by BICs directly or indirectly. Past studies have identified various incubating services and classify them in different ways. Based on the past studies, we classify the business incubating service into three categories as mentioned above : (1) business infrastructure support, (2) direct support, and (3) networking support. The business infrastructure support is to provide the essential resources to start the business, such as physical facilities. The direct support is to offer the business resources available in the BICs, such as human, technical, and administrational resources. Finally, the indirect service was to support the resource in the outside of business incubation center. Dependence is generally defined as the degree to which a client firm needs the resources provided by the service provider in order to achieve its goals. Dependence is generated when a firm recognizes the benefits of interacting with its counterpart. Hence, the more positive outcomes a firm derives from its relationship with the partner, the more dependent on the partner the firm must inevitably become. In business incubating, as a resident firm is incubated in longer period, we can predict that her dependence on BICs would be stronger. In order to foster the independence of the incubated firms, BICs have to be able to manipulate the provision of their services to control the firms' dependence on BICs. Based on the above discussion, the research model for relationships between dependence and its affecting factors was developed. We surveyed the companies residing in BICs to test our research model. The instrument of our study was modified, in part, on the basis of previous relevant studies. For the purposes of testing reliability and validity, preliminary testing was conducted with firms that were residing in BICs and incubated by the BICs in the region of Gwangju and Jeonnam. The questionnaire was modified in accordance with the pre-test feedback. We mailed to all of the firms that had been incubated by the BICs with the help of business incubating managers of each BIC. The survey was conducted over a three week period. Gifts (of approximately ₩10,000 value) were offered to all actively participating respondents. The incubating period was reported by the business incubating managers, and it was transformed using natural logarithms. A total of 180 firms participated in the survey. However, we excluded 4 cases due to a lack of consistency using reversed items in the answers of the companies, and 176 cases were used for the analysis. We acknowledge that 176 samples may not be sufficient to conduct regression analyses with 5 research variables in our study. Each variable was measured through multiple items. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis to assess their unidimensionality. In an effort to test the construct validity of the instruments, a principal component factor analysis was conducted with Varimax rotation. The items correspond well to each singular factor, demonstrating a high degree of convergent validity. As the factor loadings for a variable (or factor) are higher than the factor loadings for the other variables, the instrument's discriminant validity is shown to be clear. Each factor was extracted as expected, which explained 70.97, 66.321, and 52.97 percent, respectively, of the total variance each with eigen values greater than 1.000. The internal consistency reliability of the variables was evaluated by computing Cronbach's alphas. The Cronbach's alpha values of the variables, which ranged from 0.717 to 0.950, were all securely over 0.700, which is satisfactory. The reliability and validity of the research variables are all, therefore, considered acceptable. The effects of dependence were assessed using a regression analysis. The Pearson correlations were calculated for the variables, measured by interval or ratio scales. Potential multicollinearity among the antecedents was evaluated prior to the multiple regression analysis, as some of the variables were significantly correlated with others (e.g., direct service and indirect service). Although several variables show the evidence of significant correlations, their tolerance values range between 0.334 and 0.613, thereby demonstrating that multicollinearity is not a likely threat to the parameter estimates. Checking some basic assumptions for the regression analyses, we decided to conduct multiple regression analyses and moderated regression analyses to test the given hypotheses. The results of the regression analyses indicate that the regression model is significant at p < 0.001 (F = 44.260), and that the predictors of the research model explain 42.6 percent of the total variance. Hypotheses 1, 2, and 3 address the relationships between the dependence of the incubated firms and the business incubating services. Business infrastructure service, direct service, and indirect service are all significantly related with dependence (β = 0.300, p < 0.001; β = 0.230, p < 0.001; β = 0.226, p < 0.001), thus supporting Hypotheses 1, 2, and 3. When the incubating period is the moderator and dependence is the dependent variable, the addition of the interaction terms with the antecedents to the regression equation yielded a significant increase in R2 (F change = 2.789, p < 0.05). In particular, direct service and indirect service exert different effects on dependence. Hence, the results support Hypotheses 5 and 6. This study provides several strategies and specific calls to action for BICs, based on our empirical findings. Business infrastructure service has more effect on the firm's dependence than the other two services. The introduction of an additional high charge rate for a graduated but allowed to stay in the BIC is a basic and legitimate condition for the BIC to control the firm's dependence. We detected the differential effects of direct and indirect services on the firm's dependence. The firms with long incubating period are more sensitive to indirect service positively, and more sensitive to direct service negatively, when assessing their levels of dependence. This implies that BICs must develop a strategy on the basis of a firm's incubating period. Last but not least, it would be valuable to discover other important variables that influence the firm's dependence in the future studies. Moreover, future studies to explain the independence of startup companies in BICs would also be valuable.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.159-167
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• 2024

This study analyzed the survey data of 162 rescuers working in G Special Self-Governing Province to find out the effect of the transactional and transformational leadership of 119 rescuer leaders on life satisfaction. As a result of analysis through multiple regression analysis, it was found that the life satisfaction of 119 rescuers was greatly influenced by the leadership style of their leaders. It has been confirmed that transformational and transactional leadership are not independent of each other, and that the appropriate balance of these two leadership approaches has a positive effect on the life satisfaction and organizational life of the rescuers. Therefore, the 119 rescuers' team leaders should create an environment in which transformational and transactional leadership can be balanced. Specifically, transformational leadership should be exercised through individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation, and inspirational motivation, while at the same time improving transactional leadership by establishing a reward system based on performance. Through this, it is expected that the quality of rescue service at the site will be improved by increasing the life satisfaction of 119 rescuers and laying the foundation for them to demonstrate their potential capabilities. The findings of this study provide practical implications for improving the quality of life and organizational performance of 119 rescuers.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2023

This study was conducted to examine the relationship of the COVID-19-related anxiety, self-efficacy, resilience, and professional competence of nurses working in hospitals where COVID-19 patients are hospitalized. Additionally, this study attempted to identify factors that affect the professional competence of nurses. Using a cross-sectional descriptive study design, an online survey of 120 nurses working at hospitals where COVID-19 patients were hospitalized was conducted between February 9 and February 19, 2021. Pearson's correlations were used to assess correlations between the main variables, and stepwise multiple regression was used to identify factors influencing professional competence. Results of the study showed that the professional competence of nurses was positively correlated with self-efficacy (r=.58, p<.001) and resilience (r=.56, p<.001). The correlation between professional competence and COVID-related anxiety was not significant (r=-.03, p=.766). Factors affecting professional competence included self-efficacy (β=.36, p=.004) and resilience (β=28, p=.021). The model explained approximately 35% of the variance in nurse professional competence (F=33.65, p<.001). To fully demonstrate the professional competence of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic, institution-based programs should be developed and applied to improve their self-efficacy and resilience. In order to prevent the burnout of nurses in the longer-than-expected COVID-19 pandemic, efforts and policies at the nursing organization level are needed to systematically manage and monitor self-efficacy and resilience of nurses.