• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.555-565
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate factors influencing career maturity in nursing students. A convenience sample of 230 nursing student was selected from S city, between 20 October and 10 November 2017. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Factors that influenced career maturity included gender(t=2.117, p=.035), age(t=-2.572, p=.011), grade(F=4.716, p=.010), education at the time of admission(t=-2.695, p=.008) and perceived academic achievement(F=11.127, p<.001). Career maturity showed a positive correlation with career decision-making self-efficacy(r=.585, p<.001) and problem solving ability(r=.407, p <.001), but a negative correlation with job-seeking stress(r=-.424, p<.001). Regression analysis revealed that significant factors influencing career maturity were career decision-making self-efficacy, problem solving ability and job-seeking stress. This regression model explained 42.8% of the variance in the career maturity. Based on these findings, it is necessary to develop and test programs to ensure an improvement in career decision-making self-efficacy, problem solving ability and job-seeking stress among nursing students to increase their career maturity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2617-2624
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• 2012

Interferential currents (IFC) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) are used for pain management. This study compared the analgesic effects of IFC and TENS on experimentally induced ischemic pain in otherwise pain-free subjects using a modified version of the submaximal-effort tourniquet technique. The subjects were 14 volunteers (7 male, 7 female) without known pathology that could cause pain. Their mean age was $26.7{\pm}2.0$ years. A single-blind, sham controlled, parallel-group method was used. The primary outcome measure was the change in the self-report of pain intensity during 1 of 3 possible interventions: (1) IFC, (2) TENS, or (3) sham electrotherapy. The IFC and TENS were administered on the forearm, and the sham electrotherapy group received no current output via a dummy stimulator. The results show that a 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed that there was no change in pain intensity during treatment when all 3 groups were considered together. The mean to pain intensity with the IFC intervention was no different than with TENS. Thus, Statistical analysis showed that both interventions decreased the pain intensity ratings significantly and the difference between interventions was not simply insignificant. IFC has been shown to be more comfortable than TENS in present studies and is likely to be better accepted and tolerated by patients, clinical investigation is warranted.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.127-134
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• 2024

This study aims to provide foundational data for fostering desirable ethical values and enhancing confidence in ethical decision-making among nursing college students by identifying the mediating effect on nursing professionalism on the relationship between ethical values and ethical decision-making confidence. The subjects of the study were survey of 163 third-year nursing students from one universities. The SPSS/23.0 program was used to analyze the data with descriptive statistics; an independent t-test, analysis of variance ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and mediating effect analysis were performed using Process Macro 4.0. Ethical decision-making confidence among nursing students was found to be correlated with ethical values (r=.613, p<.001) and nursing professionalism (r=.548, p<.001). Nursing professionalism mediated the relationship between ethical values and ethical decision-making confidence. Based on these findings, it is necessary to establish a continuous and systematic ethics education program from the beginning of admission to nursing school, and to develop and implement various teaching methods that allow nursing students to experience ethical decision-making directly and indirectly, aiming to enhance their confidence in ethical decision-making.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.619-628
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• 2019

This study is an explanatory research conducted to analyze the influencing factors of treatment adherence in kidney transplant recipients. The subjects were 132 renal transplant recipients who visited the outpatient department in a university hospital. Data were collected from July 17, 2017, to August 22, 2017, and analyzed using SPSS WIN 24.0. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, variance analysis, correlation, and regression analysis were performed. The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference in the treatment adherence based on the age, religion, and the time passed since kidney transplantation. The study also found that the treatment adherence had significant positive correlations with social support (r=.54, p<.001), family support (r=.43, p<.001), health provider's support (r=.57, p<.001), and self-care knowledge (r=.21, p=.015). The factors influencing the treatment adherence were health provider's support, the time passed since kidney transplantation, spouse, and religion. The final explanatory power of the model was 41.9%. In conclusion, intervention strategies should be introduced to promote the support of healthcare providers in order to improve the adherence of the kidney transplantation patients.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.121-134
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• 2024

This study aimed to assess the attentional bias toward angry faces in typically developing (TD) children and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A continuous performance task was employed, where a distractor appeared as a target letter ("T") and changed direction every 1,250 ms. Longer reaction times to the target in the presence of a distractor, compared to its absence, were considered as evidence of attentional bias toward the distractor. The task assessed the attentional bias toward angry faces in 14 boys with ASD and 17 TD boys, aged 6-12 years. A repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted on reaction times with emotion, time, and group as independent variables. The three-way interaction effect approached significance. Group-specific analyses revealed that TD children exhibited significant attentional capture when angry faces first appeared, whereas those with ASD did not. Accuracy analysis revealed no significant differences between the groups, with both groups maintaining >85% accuracy, confirming the task's suitability for school-aged children. The absence of attentional bias toward angry faces in children with ASD indicates that these faces may not be perceived as particularly salient for children with ASD. These findings denote that interventions encouraging top-down processing of emotional cues, such as angry faces, may support the development of adaptive social skills in children with ASD.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.23-29
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• 2012

This study organizational commitment and performance certification could affect vocational trainees for general characteristics of the demographic analysis, and variables according to the learned the difference between organizational commitment, and the result was as follows. First, in males than in females, ages 20s high school education level and marital status were higher in the unmarried than married. Second, vocational training pathways and variance analysis on age 20 in 16 patients (31.4%), 30, 14 (27.5%), 40 (33.3), 50 3 patients (5.9%), 60 1 (2.0%) and were followed in the order of 5-6 hours for a long time trainees prefer to be educated, and female than in male emotional and normative commitment to organizational commitment in the show were high. Ages 40 and an organizational commitment in their 20s and 50s was higher than 30. Qualifications and training satisfaction satisfaction appeared to influence normative commitment certification training influences organizational commitment. However, certification and satisfaction on organizational commitment (-) does not affect the present study showed the figures shown in the policy implications of the authorities gave is preparing to have meaning.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.433-441
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• 2020

This study was conducted to identify the factors that influence the other behaviors taken by nursing students during online lectures. The study subjects were 304 nursing students in three universities. Data were collected between April 20 and 30, 2020, using by completing structured self report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using T-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression using SPSS 26.0 program. In correlation analysis, significant negative correlations were found between other behaviors, interest(r=-17, p<.01), understanding(r=-19, p<.01), needs(r=-12, p<.05), learning motivation(r=-12, p<.05), self-regulation efficacy(r=-11, p<.05), learning confidence(r=-14, p<.05), lecture satisfaction(r=-22, p<.01), lecture flow(r=-24, p<.01). In the multiple regression analysis, learning confidence, prefer to discuss & present (β=.19), lecture flow(β=-.15), lecture satisfaction(β=-.15) were statistically significant factors that explained 10.6% of variance of other behaviors taken by nursing students during online lectures. Thus, we suggest to develop that teaching methods and programs to reduce other behaviors taken by nursing students during online lectures.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.71-88
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• 2003

The DRASTIC system is widely used for assessing regional groundwater pollution susceptibility by using hydrogeological factors such as depth to water, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, vadose zone media, hydraulic conductivity. This study is providing Modified Drastic Model to which lineament density, land use, influence of groundwater drawdown caused by tunnel excavation are added as additional factors using geographic information system, and then to evaluate groundwater contamination potential of ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ area. For statistical analysis, vector coverage per each factor is converted to grid layer and after each correlation coefficient between factors, covariance, variance, eigenvalue and eigenvector by principal component analysis of 3 direction, are calculated, correlation between factors is analyzed. Also after correlation coefficients between general DRASTIC layer and rated lineament density layer, between general DRASTIC layer and rated land use layer, between general DRASTIC layer and rated tunnel excavation influence layer are calculated, final modified DRASTIC model is constructed by using them with each weighting. When modified DRASTIC model was compared with general DRASTIC model, contamination potential in modified DRASTIC model is fairly detailed and consequently, vulnerable area which has high contamination potential could be presented concretly.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.127-163
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• 2023

The objective of this study is to investigate the volatility spillover effects among BDI, CCFI and SCFI. This paper will divide the empirical analysis section into two periods to analyze and compare the differences in volatility spillover effect between shipping freight indices before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 separately. First, in order to compare the mean spillover impact and index lead-lag correlations in BDI and CCFI indices, along with BDI and SCFI indices before and after COVID-19, the co-integration analysis and the test of Granger causality built on the VAR model were utilized. Second, the impulse response and variance decomposition are employed in this work to investigate how the shipping freight index responds to shocks experienced by itself and other freight indices in a short period. Before the COVID-19 epidemic, the results demonstrated that the BDI freight index is the Granger cause of the variable CCFI freight index. But the BDI and CCFI freight indices have no apparent lead-lag relationships after COVID-19, and this empirical result echoes the cointegration test result. After the COVID-19 epidemic, the SCFI index leads the BDI index. This study employs the VAR-BEKK-GARCH joint model to explore the volatility spillover results between dry bulk and container transport markets before and after COVID-19. The empirical results demonstrate that after COVID-19, fluctuations in the BDI index still affect the CCFI index in the maritime market. However, there is no proof of a volatility spillover relationship between the BDI and SCFI after the COVID-19 epidemic. This study will provide an insight into the volatility relationship among BDI, CCFI and SCFI before and after the the COVID-19 epidemic occurred.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.324-340
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• 1990

Support has always been considered an important nursing concept. However, there is no agreement among nurse researchers as to a conceptual definition of supportive nursing or meaningful supportive behaviors. Clarification of the concept, support in nursing, is necessary to promote communication among nurses on nursing behaviors that are effective in providing support and on understanding the relevant properties and charcteristics of the concept, supportive nursing care. The objectives of the study were : 1. to analyse the concept, support in nursing, in order to provide a definition of supportive nursing care, and 2. to operationalize the definition of supportive nursing care and use it as an experimental nursing intervention for patients with low back pain. The first part of the study used the concept analysis approach developed by Walker and Avant(1983) to define the concept of supportive nursing care. The properties of supportive nursing care, defined by this analysis, included perception of supportive need, reciprocal interaction(Transaction), listening, providing empathy and information related to health, and confirmation of the patient's verbal and non - verbal response. The second part, the experimental part of the study, was done using King's(1970) Interpersonal Theory for Nursing. The concept, supportive nursing care, as defined in the concept analysis was operationalized and used as the experimental intervention. The experiment tested the effectiveness of the independent variable, supportive nursing care on the dependent variables, depression, mood and patient satisfaction, in the patients with low back pain in army hospitals. The instruments used to measure the dependent variables were Zung's(1965) Self- Rating Depression Scale, Ryman and Colleagues'(1974) Mood Questionnaire and LaMonica and Colleagues'(1986) Patient Satisfaction Scale. The experimental design used for this study was a Solomon 4 group experimental design. This design has the strength of allowing for observation of the main effects of supportive nursing care and pretesting, and for observation of the interaction effects of pretesting and supportive nursing care. The design includes one experimental group and three control groups. The Subjects of this study were 150 young male patients with low back pain on Neuro - Surgical Wards in three general army hospitals. There were 35 in the experimental group, 39 in the pre - posttest control group, 36 in the treatment - posttest control group and 40 in the posttest only control group. Supportive nursing care, as operationalized by the researcher according to the concept analysis, was given to the patients in the experimental group and the treatment -posttest control group, individually for 30 minute sessions, every other day for 5 days. Data collection was done using a questionnaire. The data were collected in a pretest one week before the supportive nursing care sessions, a posttest immediately after the sessions and follow- up test one week later. Hypotheses testing was done using 2×2 factorial analysis of variance and Meta analysis(Stouffer's Z method). The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Hypothesis Ⅰ, “There will be a difference on depression level between the patients with low back pain who receive supportive nursing care and those who do not receive supportive nursing care”, was supported (F＝8.49, p＜.05). 2. Hypothesis Ⅱ, “There will be a difference on mood level between the patients with low back pain who receive supportive nursing care and those who to not receive supportive nursing care”, was supported (Z meta＝2.17, p＜.05). 3. Hypothesis Ⅲ, “There will be a difference on satisfaction level between the patients with low back pain who receive supportive nursing care and those who do not receive supportive nursing care”, was supported (F＝13.67, p＜.05). 4. ANOVA, done to examine the interaction effect of history and maturation, showed no significant difference on the dependent variables between the observations of the pretest scores of the experimental group, the pretest scores of the pre- posttest control group and the posttest score of the posttest only control group. 5. To test for continuing effect of supportive nursing care, paired t-test was done to compare the scores for the dependent variables at the posttest and at the one week later follow-up test. No significant difference on the scores for the dependent variables was found between the posttest scores and the follow-up test scores for the two groups that received supportive nursing care, the experimental group and the treatment-posttest control group. In conclusion, it was found that in the case of young soldiers with low back pain in army hospitals, their depression level was decreased, their mood state was changed positively and their satisfaction level was increased by receiving supportive nursing care. Further, the effectiveness of the supportive nursing care lasted for at least one week in this study. The significance of this study to nursing is in the analysis of the concept of supportive nursing care and the demonstration of the effectiveness of supportive nursing care as an intervention within the limits of the study.