• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.295-303
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• 2016

This study aimed to assess the influence of nicotine dependence with satisfaction of basic psychological needs, social support, attitude on smoking among middle school students. From Sep, 2015 to Nov, 2015, participants included 150 middle school students from D city and K province in Korea. Data for basic psychological needs, social support, attitude on smoking and nicotine dependence were collected through a self-reported questionnaire and were analyzed with independent t-test and analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. This study shows negative correlations between nicotine dependence and satisfaction of basic psychological needs(r=-.221, P=.008), competency(r=-.194, P=.021), relatedness(r=-.219, P=.009). The variables predicting nicotine dependence were satisfaction of basic psychological needs(${\beta}=.221$, p=.008). These variables accounted for 42% of the variance of nicotine dependence in smoking middle school students. Our results indicated that it is necessary to increase basic psychological needs to decrease nicotine dependence. Therefore we should develop programs in order to increase satisfaction of basic psychological needs.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.215-223
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• 2019

In this study, we analyzed the water quality characteristics of major tributaries of Nakdong River through statistical analysis such as correlation analysis, principal component and factor analysis, and cluster analysis. Organic matter and nutrients are highly correlated, and are high in spring and autumn, and seasonal water quality management is required. Principal component and factor analysis showed that 82% of total variance could be explained by 4 principal components such as organic matter, nutrients, nature, and weather. BOD, COD, TOC, and TP items were analyzed as major influencing factors. As a result of the cluster analysis, the four clusters were classified according to seasonal organic matter and nutrient pollution. Kumho River watershed showed high pollution characteristics in all seasons. Therefore, effective management of water quality in tributary streams requires measures in consideration of spatio-temporal characteristics and multivariate statistical techniques may be useful in water quality management and policy formulation.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2013

Objectives: Sleep problems has been consistently reported as a suicidal risk factor in adults and, recently, also in adolescents. In this study, dividing study subjects by the previous suicidal behaviors (suicidal vs non-suicidal), we compared the group differences of suicidal risk factors, and examined the possibility of sleep as a suicidal risk factor. Methods: Study subjects were 561 (271 boys and 290 girls) from a community sample of high school students. Suicidal Risk Behavior Checklist, Center for Epidemiological Study-Depression (CES-D), Symptom Checklist-90-Revision (SCL-90-R) Anxiety and Aggression subscale, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were done. Results: Forty six students (8.1%) reported previous actual self-harm behavior as a suicidal attempt, 181 students (32.4%) reported having suicidal thought only. Three hundred thirty four students (59.5%) reported no previous suicidal behavior (thought and attempt, both). Suicidal behavior group showed higher score on risk behaviors such as school violence, substance use and internet addiction. CES-D, SCL-90-R, PSQI showed significant group difference. Logistic regression analysis showed suicidal risk were significantly associated with depression, stress in suicidal risk factors and sleep latency, daytime dysfunction in PSQI. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows the most prolonged sleep latency and increased index of all PSQI components except sleep efficiency in suicidal attempt group. Conclusions: Sleep Problems had a strong association with the suicidal risk behavior in adolescents. Sleep problems, especially, prolonged sleep latency, daytime dysfunction might be important markers for suicidal behavior. Screening for sleep problems in adolescents are encouraged for the parents, school teachers, and related medical physicians.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.340-347
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• 2012

In Korea, the game software and service industry is the core cultural industry from it's significant academic and policy. However, recent growth is slowing down because of increasing competition in the industry. In other words, most of the companies growth have reached limit caused by focusing only on short-term revenue-generating management, Therefore, the game software and service companies are needed to emphasize strategic planning of R&D and product development based on the long-term perspective. The purpose of this analysis is to measure the efficiency of management by data envelopment analysis(DEA), using data from 20 companies in the game software and service industry. Input variances are number of labor, total asset, and total investment and output variances are total sale and enterprise value. The results are followings: First, There was a different efficiency between the companies in the game software and service industry. The eight companies was inefficiency. Second, six inefficiency companies were excessive number of the employees and investment assets. third, four companies were CRS, five companies were IRS and eleven companies were DRS. From the result, five companies have to increase the scale of input variance and eleven companies also have to improve efficiency of input variance.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.491-500
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• 2014

This study aimed to assess the influence of burnout with satisfaction of basic psychological needs among nurses. From oct, 25, 2013 to nov, 25, 2013, participants included 160 nurses from 6 major general hospital located in urban areas in Korea. Data for basic psychological needs and burnout were collected through a self-reported questionnaire and were analyzed with independent t-test and analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. This study shows negative correlations between burnout and autonomy(r=-.45, P<.001), competency(r=-.52, P<.001), relatedness(r=-.49, P<.001). The variables predicting burnout were autonomy(${\beta}=-.26$), competency(${\beta}=-.30$), relatedness(${\beta}=-.12$), age(${\beta}=-.17$), number of service years(${\beta}=.09$). These variables accounted for 34.3% of the variance of burnout in nurses. Our results indicated that it is necessary to increase basic psycological needs to decrease burnout. Therefore nursing managers should develop programs in order to increase autonomy, relatedness and competency.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.301-312
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• 2010

Geochemical data have been regarded as one of the important environmental variables in the environmental management. Since they are often sampled at sparse locations, it is important not only to predict attribute values at unsampled locations, but also to assess the uncertainty attached to the prediction for further analysis. The main objective of this paper is to exemplify how indicator geostatistics can be effectively applied to geochemical data processing for providing decision-supporting information as well as spatial distribution of the geochemical data. A whole geostatistical analysis framework, which includes probabilistic uncertainty modeling, classification and risk analysis, was illustrated through a case study of cadmium mapping. A conditional cumulative distribution function (ccdf) was first modeled by indicator kriging, and then e-type estimates and conditional variance were computed for spatial distribution of cadmium and quantitative uncertainty measures, respectively. Two different classification criteria such as a probability thresholding and an attribute thresholding were applied to delineate contaminated and safe areas. Finally, additional sampling locations were extracted from the coefficient of variation that accounts for both the conditional variance and the difference between attribute values and thresholding values. It is suggested that the indicator geostatistical framework illustrated in this study be a useful tool for analyzing any environmental variables including geochemical data for decision-making in the presence of uncertainty.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate listener's affective responses to different vocal registers and modes in terms of valence (i.e., negative to positive affect) and arousal (i.e., low to high energy level). The data were collected from four different conditions (i.e., higher and lower registers paired with major and minor modes). A total of 188 female college students participated in the survey online and rated their perceived valence and arousal levels on a visual analogue scale after listening to each excerpt. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was administered for data analysis. The results revealed that there were significant differences in the affective responses to the two vocal registers, showing that the arousal was more affected by the register than the valence. Secondly, mode had statistically significant impact on both valence and arousal while weighing more on valence. Further, there was significant interaction effect of vocal register and mode on valence, but not on arousal. Results also displayed that listeners had the most negative valence when listening to the excerpt of minor mode in higher register, while having the lowest arousal when listening to the excerpt of minor mode in lower register. These findings imply that it is important to consider the vocal range as well as the musical mode when selecting music for appreciation.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-23
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• 2015

This study examined the effect of infant teacher's sensitivity, efficacy and interaction on the social and emotional development of infants. The participants of this study were 169 infants and their teachers in daycare centers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The instruments were collected through teachers' responses. Data were analyzed through the variance analysis using PASW 18.0 to verify the infant teachers' susceptibility, efficacy, and infant-teacher interaction based on infant teachers' background variables; to find out the relationship between the variables, Pearson correlation analysis was performed, and to find out the relative influence of variables on the infants' social and emotional development, stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed. Results were as follows. Firstly, Among the background variables of the teachers, their career as infant teachers displayed differences in the infants' social and emotional development, and the susceptibility, efficacy, and infant-teacher interactions displayed partial differences based on the teaching career, career as infant teachers, age, daycare center type, and the academic background of the teachers. Secondly, there were positive relationships between infant teacher's sensitivity, efficacy and interaction and infants' social and emotional development. Thirdly, infant teachers' sensitivity, efficacy and infant-teacher interaction had an influence on infants' social and emotional development at the same time. Especially, sensitivity and interaction were powerful and influential variables and their explained variance was 53%. These results suggested that teachers' efforts must be made to interact positively with infants and to increase their sensitivity level to respond to infants in order to increase infants' social and emotional development.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2022

Roots play important roles in water and nutrient uptake and in response to various environmental stresses. Investigating diversification of cultivars through root phenotyping is important for crop improvement in adzuki beans. Therefore, we analyzed the morphological and architectural root traits of 22 adzuki bean cultivars using 2-dimensional (2D) root imaging. Plants were grown in plastic tubes [6 cm (diameter) × 40 cm (height)] in a greenhouse from July 25^th to August 28^th. When the plants reached the 2^nd or 3^rd trifoliate leaf stage, the roots were removed and washed with tap water to remove soil particles. Clean root samples were scanned, and the scanned images were analyzed using the WinRHIZO Pro software. The cultivars were analyzed based on six root phenotypes [total root length (TRL), surface area (SA), average diameter (AD), and number of tips (NT) were included as root morphological traits (RMT); and link average length (LAL) and link average diameter (LAD) were included as root architectural traits (RAT)]. According to the analysis of variance (ANOVA), a significant difference was observed between the cultivars for all root morphological traits. Distribution analysis demonstrated that all root traits except LAL followed a normally distributed curve. In the correlation test, the most important morphological trait, TRL, showed a strong positive correlation with SA (r = 0.97^***) and NT (r = 0.94^***). In comparison, between RMT and RAT, TRL showed a significantly negative correlation with LAL (r = -0.50^***); however, TRL did not show a correlation with LAD. Based on RMT and RAT, we identified the cultivars that ranked 5% from the top and bottom. In particular, the cultivar "IT 236657" showed the highest TRL, SA, and NT, while the cultivar "IT 236169" showed the lowest values for TRL, SA, and NT. In addition, the coefficient of variance for the six tested root traits ranged from (14.26-40%) which suggested statistical variability in root phenotypes among the 22 adzuki bean varieties. Thus, this study will help to select target root traits for the adzuki bean breeding program in the future, generating climate-resilient adzuki beans, especially for drought stress, and may be useful for developing biotic and abiotic stress-tolerant cultivars based on better root trait attributes.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.89-97
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• 1998

This study is intended to investigate the seismic responses of bridge structures considering site effects. The site effects in the seismic analysis of bridge structures were classified into two parts. At first, the seismic responses of the structures on each "soil profile types" of the code were evaluated in accordance with code-specified method and compared with results of time-history analysis method. And next, as a second stage of the study, the responses of the two different soil with considerably different soil properties, even though they are classified to the same "soil profile types" of the code, were evaluated and compared each other. The first part of study is purposed to evaluate the applicability of code-specified method, while the other part is purposed to find the variance of the seismic responses from the different soil sites in the same soil profile types of the code. For the analysis, two major methods of the code, single-mode spectral anaysis and multi-mode spectral analysis, were used and the time-history analysis method which is expected to give more accurate responses was also used for the comparison purposes. For the time-history analysis, time-domain analysis technique of the lumped-mass model with frequency-independent soil springs and dampers was adopted and artificially generated spectra of the code was used as input motion. As the results of the study, the code specified methods for the seismic responses considering the site effects were verified to give the results in conservative side for the most of the cases. However, for the structures on the site with considerable flexibility, the responses of the bridge girders or deckplates by the code methods both in section forces and horizontal movement responses, may have much smaller values than the actual responses. Therefore, more detailed analysis considering the flexibility of the base soil may be required to have more reasonable results in girder responses.in girder responses.