• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.277-290
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• 2001

This study was conducted to examine if the revised HPM was appropriate to explain smoking quitting behavior. A convenience sample of 400 college students enrolled in the universities located in Seoul and Kyunggi-Inchon province was selected. According to the study results, smoking-specific cognitions and affect included in the study could significantly explain commitment to a plan to quit smoking which was one of the behavioral outcomes in the revised HPM. The study result showed that among predictors, smoking-related affect, perceived benefit of quitting smoking, and perceived self-efficacy significantly explained commitment to a plan to quit smoking, but perceived barriers and interpersonal influences did not. The model for smoking quitting behavior formulated with smoking-specific cognitions and affect was statistically significant and the model explained 48 percent of variance in smoking quitting behavior. More specifically, it was shown that among smoking-specific cognitions and affect, only smoking-related affect, interpersonal influences, and perceived self-efficacy were the significant predictors to explain smoking quitting behavior. Smoking-related affect was the most important variable to explain smoking quitting behavior, followed by perceived self-efficacy. However, the influence of commitment to a plan to quit smoking on smoking quitting behavior was not statistically significant. Lastly, the model for smoking quitting behavior formulated with individual characteristics and experiences could explain 13 percent of the variance in behavior to quit smoking. Although the model is statistically significant, only the number of quitting attempts had significant and direct influence on behavior to quit smoking, while the remaining variables did not.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2000

The environment in which a given genotype is grown may influence its grain quality characteristics. When varieties are $\times$ evaluated over numerous environments, a variety environment interaction usually is observed, but the relative magnitude of environmental(E), genetic(G), and G $\times$ E effects on quality is unclear. In order to determine relative contribution of genotype, environment, and G $\times$ E interaction to the variations observed in grain quality characteristics, 18 Korean wheat cultivars and experimental lines were evaluated in two environments in 1998 and 1999. Correlation coefficients between grain quality and agronomic characteristics were also estimated. The analysis of variance for the optical density obtained by reaction bet- ween gliadin and anti-gliadin polyclonal antibody (AGPab) indicated that gliadin content measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) was significantly in- fluenced by environment and cultivar differences. The significant differences of year and year $\times$ location were also found. The ratio of the variances associated with environmental effects to the variances associated with genetic effect gave relatively greater influence of environmental factor on gliadin content. The different protein content from same genotype grown in different environment might be associated with degree of storage protein accumulations. Significant relationships between ELISA and protein content, yield, ten spike weight, and ten spike number were detected. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was significantly influenced by year, location, cultivar and year $\times$ location. The variance in grain PPO activities among growing years appeared larger than the variation produced by the cultivar examined. This suggested that the growing environment contributed more to variability in grain PPO concentration.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.329-337
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of eHealth literacy, reproductive health knowledge, and self-esteem on early adult women's health-promoting behaviors (HPB). This study was based on Pender's health promotion model as a theoretical underpinning. Methods: Early adult women aged 18 to 35 years (n=165) were recruited by posting advertisements on social network sites for a student club and a faith-based community in Ansan, Korea. Willing individuals were invited to participate in the online survey from June 1 to June 30, 2022. Standardized instruments were used to measure HPB, eHealth literacy, reproductive health knowledge, and self-esteem. General characteristics included income level, perceived subjective health, and internet usage time. The collected data were analyzed using the independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 21.97±3.87 years. The total HPB score was 120.69, corresponding to a moderate level; and the total scores for eHealth literacy (30.24), knowledge of reproductive health (23.04), and self-esteem (35.62) were higher than the midpoint. The model explained 53.3% of variance in HPB, and self-esteem (β=.48, p<.001) was the most influential factor. Other influential factors were, in descending order, higher economic level, higher subjective health status, greater eHealth literacy, and less internet use time (<2 hours/day). Conclusion: In order to promote the health of early adult women, counseling or programs that positively improve self-esteem appear promising, and eHealth literacy should be considered as a way to promote HPB using information technology.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.663-675
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• 2023

Purpose: Skewness is an indicator used to measure the asymmetry of data distribution. In the past, product quality was judged only by mean and variance, but in modern management and manufacturing environments, various factors and volatility must be considered. Therefore, skewness helps accurately understand the shape of data distribution and identify outliers or problems, and skewness can be utilized from this new perspective. Therefore, we would like to propose a statistical quality control method using skewness. Methods: In order to generate data with the same mean and variance but different skewness, data was generated using normal distribution and gamma distribution. Using Minitab 18, we created 20 sets of 1,000 random data of normal distribution and gamma distribution. Using this data, it was proven that the process state can be sensitively identified by using skewness. Results: As a result of the analysis of this study, if the skewness is within ± 0.2, there is no difference in judgment from management based on the probability of errors that can be made in the management state as discussed in quality control. However, if the skewness exceeds ±0.2, the control chart considering only the standard deviation determines that it is in control, but it can be seen that the data is out of control. Conclusion: By using skewness in process management, the ability to evaluate data quality is improved and the ability to detect abnormal signals is excellent. By using this, process improvement and process non-sub-stitutability issues can be quickly identified and improved.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2009

By calculating the differences between two images, which are captured with the same scene at different time, we can detect a set of outliers, such as occluding objects due to moving vehicles. To reduce the influence from the different intensity properties of the images, a simple technique that reruns the regression, which is based on the polynomial regression model, is employed. For a robust detection of outliers, the image difference is normalized by the noise variance. Hence, an accurate estimate of the noise variance is very important. In this paper, using an empirically obtained correction constant is proposed. Numerical analysis using both synthetic and real images are also shown in this paper to show the robust performance of the detection algorithm.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.327-336
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to investigate 6th-graders' use of cognitive strategies and metacognitive strategies in usual learning and testing situations, and to compare the difference in the use of the strategies by students' science achievement, learning motivation, and gender. The relationship among these strategies, science achievement, and learning motivation were also examined, and the portion of variance of explanation for achievement score was studied by a multiple regression analysis. The results showed that high-achieving students used more cognitive strategies and metacognitive strategies in usual learning and more cognitive strategies in testing situations than low-achieving students. Highly motivated students used more cognitive and metacognitive strategies than poorly motivated students in all situations. Elementary female students used more learning strategies than male students in usual learning. On the other hand, no gender differences was found to be significant in the use of strategies in testing situations. These learning strategies were significantly correlated with the science achievement and motivation scores. The cognitive strategies in usual learning accounted for the significant portion of the variance of the achievement score. Educational implications are discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.713-720
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• 2018

The Signal Intelligence (SIGINT) system based on Angle-of-Arrival(AOA) estimation, interference suppression, and transmission beamforming techniques is a cutting edge technology for efficiently collecting various signal information. In this paper, we present the efficient structure of a satellite system consisted of an AOA estimator, an adaptive beamformer, a signal processing and D/B unit, and a transmission beamformer, for collecting signal information. For accurately estimating AOAs of various signals, efficiently suppressing interference or jamming signals, and efficiently transmitting the collected information or data, we employ Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC), Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR), and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) algorithms, respectively. Also, we evaluate and analysis the performance of the presented satellite system through the computer simulation.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1207-1212
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• 2018

The signal intelligence (SIGINT) technology is actively used for collecting various data, in a number of fields, including a military industry. In order to collect the signal information and data and to transmit/receive the collected data efficiently, the accurate angle-of-arrival (AOA) information is required and communication disturbance from the interference or jamming signal should be minimized. In this paper, we present the structure of an adaptive beam-forming satellite system based on the planar array antenna, for collecting and transmitting/receiving the signal information and data efficiently. The presented adaptive beam-forming system consists of an antenna in the form of a planar array, an AOA estimator based on the Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm, an adaptive Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) interference canceler, a signal processing and D/B unit, and a transmission beamformer based on Minimum mean Square Error (MMSE). In addition, through the computer simulation, we evaluate and analyze the performance of the proposed system.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.127-134
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• 2018

This study aims to explain the difficulties children with articulation and phonological disorders have in producing alveolar fricative sounds. The study will perform a comparative analysis revealing how ordinary children produce alveolar fricative sounds through five different acoustic variables, and consequently identifying objective differences, compared to children with articulation and phonological disorders. Therefore, this study compared and analyzed the differences between 10 children with articulation and phonological disorders and 10 ordinary children according to a phonation type of alveolar fricative sounds (/s/ and /$s^*$), a type of vowel (/i/, /ε/, /u/, /o/, /ɯ/, /ʌ/, /ɑ/), and a structure of syllables (CV, VCV) through acoustic variables including a central moment, skewness, kurtosis, a center of gravity and variance. That is, children with articulation and phonological disorders, when compared to ordinary children, have difficulties with concentrating an agile and momentary friction with strength when articulating alveolar fricative sounds, which uses strong energy and accompany tension. Furthermore, the values of alveolar fricative sounds of children with articulation and phonological disorders appeared to spread evenly over the average range, which means that the range of overall the standard deviation values for children with functional phonological disorders is wider than that of ordinary children. For a future study, if the mispronounced sounds relating to omission, substitution, and addition can be compared and analyzed for various target groups, it could be used effectively to help children with functional phonological disorders.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.184-193
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• 2023

Background: Studies investigating the immediate effects of a single intervention to correct forward head posture are rare. Objects: This study aimed to compare the changes in treatment effects in patients with forward head posture and neck pain after manual and self-exercise therapy over a 1-hour period. Methods: Twenty-eight participants were randomly divided into manual and self-exercise therapy groups. Following the initial evaluation, manual or self-exercise therapy was applied to each group for 30 minutes each in the prone, supine, and sitting positions. The variables measured were the craniovertebral angle (CVA), stress level, pain level, and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) stiffness. After the intervention, re-evaluation was conducted immediately, 30 minutes later, and 1 hour later. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the maintenance of treatment effects between the two groups. Results: Based on the two-way mixed ANOVA variance, there was no interaction between the groups and time for all variables, and no main effects were found between the groups. However, a significant effect of time was observed (p < 0.05). Post hoc tests using Bonferroni's correction revealed that in both groups, the CVA, pain, and stress showed significant improvements immediately after the intervention compared with before the intervention, and these treatment effects were maintained for up to 1 hour after the treatment (p < 0.0083) in the manual therapy group. However, the stress level was maintained until 30 minutes later (p < 0.0083) in the self-exercise group. There was no significant decrease in right SCM stiffness before and after the intervention; however, left SCM stiffness significantly decreased after the self-exercise intervention (p < 0.0083). Conclusion: Both manual and self-exercise therapy for 30 minutes were effective in reducing forward head posture related to the CVA, pain, and stress levels. These effects persisted for at least 30 minutes.