• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1163-1171
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• 2004

The variation of spark plug location have one of the effects on combustion characteristics. Several parameters of the effect on combustion characteristics are shape of combustion chamber, the spark plug position, turbulence flow and so on. This paper presents an experimental study according to variation of spark plug protrusion and PDA valve which have effects on characteristics of combustion and emission in single cylinder gasoline engine. Also, this paper emphasized that combustion stabilization was making by way of the reinforcement of the turbulent flow with the PDA valve. A feasibility and necessity of combustion pressure based cylinder spark timing control according to spark plug protrusion has been examined. So, this was obtained COV$\_$imep/ and the mass fraction burned(MFB) and the specific fuel consumption(sfc). Using the results of the test, the effects of the variable spark plug location and PDA valve can be improved fuel consumption and be available for the combustion stability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.387-394
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• 2017

This paper develops a pump system for patient with chronic pain or cancer. The pump module is consists of two micro-valve and membrane. The micro-valve is operated by a solenoid. With two solenoid valves which are connected via a drug transport line, the inlet and outlet are completely blocked. A silicon rubber membrane located between the two valves makes the flow-rate constant without any backflow. This pump module can control the flow-rate of drugs by controlling the time that the valves are opened and closed. The reservoir consists of a drug chamber and a gas chamber. As the gas chamber encloses the drug chamber, propellant gas which is injected into the gas chamber pressurizes the drug chamber regardless of volume of the drug chamber. To design the pump module, analysis a constant efficiency test, and accuracy test for the pump module were conducted.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2014

Hydraulic servo valves are widely used in various fluid power systems because of their fast response and precision control. In this paper, we studied the effect of metering notch shapes and amount of their openings on the flow characteristics within the spool valve using a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code, FLUENT. To obtain the results for more realistic operating conditions, viscous heating due to the jet flow and viscosity variation of the hydraulic fluid with temperature were considered. For two types of notch shape, streamlines, oil temperature and viscosity distributions, and variations of flow and friction forces acting on spool were showed. The flow and friction forces affected by the metering notch shapes and their openings, and oil temperature rise near metering notch was significant enough to results in the jamming phenomenon. A thermohydrodynamic (THD) flow analysis adopted in this paper can be used in optimum design of hydraulic servo valves.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 1997

Various prosthetic heart valves have been developed and used clinically, but they have problems, such as thrombogenecity, hemoltsis, high cost and low durability. New types of trileaflet polymer heart valves have been developed in order to use them as inlet and outlet valves in a ventricular assist device. The aim of this study is to determine the hydrodynamic effectiveness of the newly designed trileaflet polymer valves and their feasibility for temporary use in the blood pumps. Trileaflet polymer valves are made of polyurethane, because of its good blood compatibility, high tonsil strength and good resistance to fatigue. An in vitro experimental investigation was perf'ormed in order to ev91ua1e hydrodynamic performance of the trileaflet polymer valves having different design and fabrication tech- niques. The St. Jude Medical valve (SJMV) and floating-type monoleaflet polymer valve (MLPV) were also tested The pressure drop across the valve, leakage volume, and the flow patterns mere investigated for valves. The result of comparative tests showed that the trileaflet polymer valves had a better hydrodynamic performance than the others. TPV which has two stable membrane shape showed the lowest back flow. The pressure hops of TPVs were lower than that of MLPV, but slightly higher than SJMV. The hydrodynamic performance of valves under the pulastile flow showed the similar results as steady flow. The velocity profiles and turbulent intensities were measured at the distal sites of valves using a hot-film anemometer. Central flow was maintained in trileaflet polymer valves, and the maximum turbulent intensities were lower in TPVs comparing to MLPV.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 1997

High temperature densification behaviors of alumina powder compacts were investigated under hot pressing and hot isostatic pressing. An alumina part of valve-head shape was fabricated under hot pressing and its forming process was simulated by finite element calculation. an alumina powder compact encapsulated by a stainless steel container was also densified under hot isostatic pressing. Inhomogeneous deformations during hot isostatic pressing due to the canning effect were observed experimentally and predicted by finite element analysis.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.59-69
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• 2002

The conventional fire extinguishing gas-agent system has a configuration in which the gas-agent comes out of a cylindrical container having vertically settled shape. However, in this study a horizontally installed container of a piping shape having a cylinder of the same shape with a cylinder valve and a discharge nozzle was used, and the relationship between orifice size of nozzle and discharge rate of gas-agent was investigated through various experiments including the measurement of discharge rate under different ambient-temperature conditions. In such experiments, HCFC Blend A was used without super-pressurization by nitrogen. From this research, it was observed that statutory discharge duration of 10 seconds can be met if the relatively large size of the valve and the nozzle orifice were properly selected.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.790-795
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• 2001

Since the characteristics of combustion and pollutant in Diesel engines were mainly affected by the characteristics of in-cylinder gas flow and fuel spray, an understanding of those was essential to the design of the D.I. Diesel engines. The improvement of volumetric efficiency of air charging into combustion chamber is a primary requirement to obtain better mean effective pressure of an engine. Since the air resistances in intake and exhaust flow passages, valve lift and valve shape influence greatly to the volumetric efficiency, it is very important to investigate the flow characteristics of intake and exhaust port which develops air motion in the combustion chamber. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of steady flow through the various kinds of commercial cylinder head ports, and the development procedures of HHI's H21/32 prototype cylinder head ports.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1848-1853
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• 2007

In this study, we are to analyze the life and the main failure mode of pneumatic valves that are usually applied to the factory automation line. Pneumatic valves have complicated failure cause since they are organized as a complex of various elements. Therefore, in this paper, we analyzed the main failure mode of pneumatic valves, and then performed life test and performance test according to the international standards. On the basis of these processes, we estimated a shape parameter that is the main factor for the calculation of test time for the reliability of pneumatic valves by analyzing life distribution data.

• Transactions of The Korea Fluid Power Systems Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.15-20
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• 2007

All of the hydraulic spool valves adopt radially grooved spools to avoid hydraulic locking. In this paper, a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, FLUENT is used to investigate the accurate Poiseuille flow characteristics inside single groove. The stream lines, velocity and pressure distributions are obtained for various groove widths, depths and shapes. The stream lines are highly affected by groove shape and there occurred large vortexes inside groove beyond a certain ratio of groove width to depth. Especially the U shaped groove restrains the occurrence of vortex. Therefore the numerical method adopted in this paper can be use in optimum designing of multi-grooved hydraulic spool valves.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.465-484
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• 2009

Since the launch of the GATT system, one of the most controversial topics in trade liberalization has been the conflict between culture and trade. The sticking point has been the necessity of cultural exceptions in trade rules. Some countries do not wish to allow further exceptions to basic principles even in cultural industry, while many other countries make their efforts to obtain "cultural safety valve." The latter group asserts that it is indispensable for the protection of cultural identity, whereas the former seems to doubt the truth of the assertion. That is because cultural policy measure possibly constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between countries, or a disguised barriers to trade in cultural products. Unfortunately, cultural exceptions still remain unresolved in the WTO, the successor to the GATT. This paper is to review the history and rules of multilateral trading system on cultural industry, address the critical issues to deal with in the DDA negotiations, and lastly provide some perspectives on the appropriate shape of the cultural safety valve.