• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.707-715
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• 2021

This article examines the potential impact of the Covid-19 Lockdown on earnings manipulation and stock market sensitivity to earnings announcements. It also explores the effects of earnings manipulation after the COVID-19 outbreak on the share price sensitivity to the earnings disclosures. The study uses a quantitative method to analyze the financial data consisting of 87 firms listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange for the period from 2018 to 2020, which constitutes a total of (174 observations). We used Ohlson (1995) model to estimate financial market reaction and sensitivity to earnings manipulation fluctuations and accounting information. The results show that companies practice earnings manipulation to maintain earnings over a time series, which means a negative impact of earnings manipulation on all earnings measures' value relevance (EPS, BVS, and CFS). Accordingly, earnings manipulation negatively influences investor behavior in the financial market, based mainly on financial reporting. The value relevance of financial reports has also decreased because of the COVID-19 outbreak and related economic Lockdown. These results reflect a long-term adverse impact of earnings manipulation on investor behavior and financial statements reliability.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.827-838
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• 2023

Centrifugal pump is a key part of nuclear power plant systems, and its health status is critical to the safety and reliability of nuclear power plants. Therefore, fault diagnosis is required for centrifugal pump. Traditional fault diagnosis methods have difficulty extracting fault features from nonlinear and non-stationary signals, resulting in low diagnostic accuracy. In this paper, a new fault diagnosis method is proposed based on the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm-based variational modal decomposition (VMD) and relevance vector machine (RVM). Firstly, a simulation test bench for rotor faults is built, in which vibration displacement signals of the rotor are also collected by eddy current sensors. Then, the improved particle swarm algorithm is used to optimize the VMD to achieve adaptive decomposition of vibration displacement signals. Meanwhile, a screening criterion based on the minimum Kullback-Leibler (K-L) divergence value is established to extract the primary intrinsic modal function (IMF) component. Eventually, the factors are obtained from the primary IMF component to form a fault feature vector, and fault patterns are recognized using the RVM model. The results show that the extraction of the fault information and fault diagnosis classification have been improved, and the average accuracy could reach 97.87%.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.27-44
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• 2012

The goal of supply chain integration is to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of supply chain for creating customer values. Supply chain integration can be classified into IT integration and structural integration. Also, structural integration can be collapsed into three dimensions: internal, supplier and customer integration. In this study, we investigate the relevance between customer value and supply chain integration. To explore the current study, we collected from 73 Korean firms. The results are as follows: First, customer value has a positively significant effect on IT integration. Second, customer value influences on customer integration but does not has an effect on internal and supplier integration. Third, IT integration improve internal, supplier and customer integration. Finally, each of structural integration positively influences firm performance. These results indicated that declaration of customer value is important factor in supply chain integration.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.155-167
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• 2006

It is desirable if users surfing on the Internet could find Web pages related to their interests as closely as possible. Toward this ends, this paper presents a topic specific Web crawler computing the degree of relevance. collecting a cluster of pages given a specific topic, and refining the preliminary set of related web pages using term frequency/document frequency, entropy, and compiled rules. In the experiments, we tested our topic specific crawler in terms of the accuracy of its classification, crawling efficiency, and crawling consistency. First, the classification accuracy using the set of rules compiled by CN2 was the best, among those of C4.5 and back propagation learning algorithms. Second, we measured the classification efficiency to determine the best threshold value affecting the degree of relevance. In the third experiment, the consistency of our topic specific crawler was measured in terms of the number of the resulting URLs overlapped with different starting URLs. The experimental results imply that our topic specific crawler was fairly consistent, regardless of the starting URLs randomly chosen.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.1-34
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• 2022

This study examines the effect of CEO age on the value relevance of R&D which is the relationship between R&D expenditures and firm value. The value relevance of R&D expenditures is higher in companies with current older CEOs, while the relationship in companies with younger CEOs is lower than that of other companies. These results suggest that older CEOs tend to be conservative and make prudent R&D investment decisions. Because they make systematic investment decisions with rich experience, they are expected to have higher investment performance in the market. On the other hand, young CEOs choose risky investments in order to have their abilities highly evaluated in the labor market. The market places a high degree of risk on the R&D decision-making of young CEOs. Next, we analyze whether the age of the replaced CEOs affects the relationship between R&D expenditures and firm value. The result shows that the change of management increases the effect of R&D expenditure on firm value. However, in the case of being replaced by a younger CEO, this positive relationship becomes lower than that of other companies, showing results consistent with the case of the current younger CEO. The samples are analyzed by dividing them into conglomerates and non-conglomerates. In conglomerates, the age of the replaced CEOs does not affect the value relevance of R&D expenditures. Only non-conglomerates showed a negative (-) effect on the replaced younger CEOs. These results suggest that conglomerates maintain the stability of R&D management and performance so that the performance of R&D expenditures is not significantly affected by the age of the replaced CEOs. The reason is that mutual checks and support are coordinated within the group through decentralization of work and systematization of decision-making. This study shows evidence that the relationship between R&D expenditure and firm value according to the age of the replaced CEO is a phenomenon that only occurs in non-conglomerates. This phenomenon suggests that conglomerates are stably managing their R&D performance regardless of the change of CEOs or the characteristics of the CEOs.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2021

Background: Safety management is required to ensure health and safety of personnel in Norwegian fish farming. However, few studies have addressed the status and practical relevance of this risk-reducing measure. Methods: This article provides new knowledge through interviews with 35 employees at different company levels, addressing perceptions of various safety management activities according to managers and operational personnel. Results: The interviews show that managers and operational personnel at fish farms agree that the quantity of measures aimed to improve safety has increased in recent years. However, some activities are perceived to have higher practical relevance than others. In general, measures that fit well with the practical reality are well received by the employees at the fish farms. Conclusion: Suggested improvements include involving operational personnel in the design of procedures, considering all risk dimensions that may affect occupational health and safety, and challenging the value of specific safety activities based on a detailed knowledge of the distinctive characteristics of work practice in fish farming.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.45-58
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• 1988

This paper is to examine the relevance of banarptcy Costs (BC) to Capital Structure with three related purposes: whether or not BC are trival,, a proxy methodology for estimating BC, the present value of expected BC vs tax benefits' trade off. For these purposes, the samples includes 19 industrial firms which went bankrupt over period 1970-78 and secondly seven large Companies which went bankrnpt recently in the U.S. The results are quite strong that BC are not trival. In many cases they exceed 20% of the value of the firm measured just prior to bankruptcy. Direct BC are explicit and administrative costs paid by debtor in reorganization/liqaidation process. Indirect BC are essentially defined as unexpected losses and estimated in two way: a regression method and security analyst's forcasts. The present value of expected BC for many of the bankrupt firm is found to exceed the present value of tax benefits from leverage. This implies that firms were overleveraged and that a potentially important ingredient in the discussion of optimum capital structure is indeed the BC factor. Therefore, BC are relevant to the cost of capital structure decision and should he considered seriously.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.131-139
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to analyse the housing values of the university student. The data is collected through the self-entry questionnaire that designed for this study. The 512 data obtained were analysed by Frequencies. Mean, Factor analysis, t-test, oneway ANOVA, $\chi$$^2$-test. Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The major findings are as follows: 1) The Housing Value was classified of 5 factors which Location-Environment. Social - Psychology, Physical factor of Housing, Life-Conciousness and Investmental of Value. 2) Their relevance variables of Housing value were sex, the educational course and occupation of their father and income. 3) Their preference trend of Housing appeared to the apartment and One-room system, and green tract of the space etc.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1355-1366
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• 2020

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value and prognostic relevance of FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT) in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients. Materials and Methods: This study included 234 extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients who underwent FDG PET-CT between June 2008 and February 2016. The diagnostic performance of FDG PEG-CT was compared to that of contrast-enhanced multidetector row CT (MDCT) and MRI. Independent prognosticators for poor survival were also assessed. Results: The sensitivity of FDG PET-CT for detecting primary tumor and regional lymph node metastases was lower than that of MDCT or MRI (p < 0.001), whereas the specificity and positive predictive value for detecting regional lymph nodes metastases was significantly better in FDG PET-CT compared to MDCT and MRI (all p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the diagnostic yield of distant metastases detection among three diagnostic imaging techniques. In a multivariate analysis, maximum standardized uptake values (SUV_max) of the primary tumor (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-2.69) and of the metastatic lesions ≥ 5 (adjusted HR, 8.10; 95% CI, 1.96-33.5) were independent contributors to poor overall survival in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients. In a subgroup analysis of 187 patients with periductal infiltrating type of cholangiocarcinoma, an SUV_max of the primary tumor ≥ 5 was associated with an increased risk of regional lymph node (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.60; 95% CI, 0.55-4.63) and distant metastases (adjusted OR, 100.57; 95% CI, 3.94-2567.43) at diagnosis as well as with poor overall survival (adjusted HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.04-3.15). Conclusion: FDG PET-CT showed lower sensitivity for detecting primary tumor and regional lymph node involvement than MDCT and MRI. However, the SUV_max of primary tumors and metastatic lesions derived from FDG PET-CT could have significant implications for predicting prognoses in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.29-49
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• 2006

The introduction of the Digital Economy has formed a new market producing and trading information. Depending on the current contexts, each user evaluates identical information differently. It is difficult, even though important, to create and deliver the information customized to individual users by using some factors as time, location, and their personal characteristics. Information value, therefore, could be influenced by the capability of information systems to delivery useful information based on individual contexts to the right user immediately at the right time. From this point of view, we argue mobile systems which are able to be aware of individual contexts and deliver contextual information in real time can improve information value easily than other systems can. This research presents the results of an empirical test about antecedents to mobile advertising value. Though context relevance doesn't influence directly mobile advertising value, it plays an important role enhancing information usefulness which has great influence on mobile advertising value. Moreover, to supply information connected with users' context overcomes the effect of irritation. Lastly, entertainment can improve mobile advertising value as satisfying user's hedonic desire beyond the information source supporting decision making.