• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.860-872
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• 2002

폴트 트리 분석(Fault Tree Analysis)은 산업계에서 가장 널리 사용되는 안전성 분석 기법 중의 하나이다. 하지만, 이 기법은 보통 수작업으로 이루어지며, 분석 결과를 체계적이고 자동적으로 검증할 수 있는 방법이 없다는 약점을 지닌다. 본 논문에서는 실시간 모델 체커인 UPPAAL을 이용하여 안전성이 중요한 소프트웨어의 요구 사항들을 정형 명세하고, 수작업으로 찬성된 폴트 트리의 정확성을 검증하는 방법을 제안하고 있다. 제안된 방법을 유용성을 확인하기 위해서 월성 원자력 발전소의 비상 정지 소프트웨어(Wolsung SDS2)에서 사용된 기능 요구 사항들을 예제로서 사용하였다. 폴트 트리는 월성 SDS2에 대한 전문적인 지식을 지니고 폴트 트리를 이용한 안전성 분석을 여러 번 수행해 본 경험이 있는 대학원생들에 의해 작성되었다. 기능 요구 사항들은 UPPAAL의 입력으로서 사용되기 위해서 시제 오토마타의 형태로 수작업으로 변환되었으며, 이 폴트 트리의 정확성을 검증하기 위해서 모델 체킹을 사용하였다 본 논문에서 제안된 방법을 월성 SDS2 예제에 적용해 본 결과, 수작업으로 작성된 폴트 트리에 존재하는 오류를 찾을 수 있었으며, 이러한 작업을 통하여 제안된 방법이 폴트 트리 분석에 대한 신뢰도를 높이는데 유용함을 발견하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.208-218
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• 2014

Objectives: The major objective of this study was to develop and validate a tier 1 exposure model utilizing worker exposure monitoring data and characteristics of worker activities routinely performed at construction sites, in order to estimate worker exposures without sampling. Methods: The Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals(REACH) system of the European Union(EU) allows the usage of exposure models for anticipating chemical exposure of manufacturing workers and consumers. Several exposure models have been developed such as Advanced REACH Tools(ART). The ART model is based on structured subjective assessment model. Using the same framework, a tier 1 exposure model has been developed. Worker activities at construction sites have been analyzed and modifying factors have been assigned for each activity. Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency(KOSHA) accrued work exposure monitoring data for the last 10 years, which were retrieved and converted into exposure scores. A separate set of sampling data were collected to validate the developed exposure model. These algorithm have been realized on Excel spreadsheet for convenience and easy access. Results: The correlation coefficient of the developed model between exposure scores and monitoring data was 0.36, which is smaller than those of EU models(0.6~0.7). One of the main reasons explaining the discrepancy is poor description on worker activities in KOSHA database. Conclusions: The developed tier 1 exposure model can help industrial hygienists judge whether or not air sampling is required or not.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.179-187
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• 2011

Animal models are important tools in thrombosis research and preclinical drug development. In recent studies, ferric chloride ($FeCl_3$) has been widely used to induce arterial thrombosis in a variety of species. The purpose of this study was to find an optimal concentration of $FeCl_3$ and validate this model suited better for thrombosis research. A small piece of filter paper, soaked in $FeCl_3$ solution (10, 20 or 35%, v/v, in distilled water) was topically applied on the carotid artery of SD rats to measure the time to occlusion (TTO) and thrombus weight (TW) to ascertain 35%, as an optimal $FeCl_3$ concentration ($8.63{\pm}0.92min$; p =0.000, $0.79{\pm}0.03mg/mm$; p =0.000, respectively). To validate this experimental model, Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb761 (5, 10 or 30 mg/kg) as a reference agent administered by peritoneal route for 1h prior to the induction of thrombosis, showed significantly delayed TTO in a dose dependent manner ($18.50{\pm}2.17$, $29.17{\pm}1.83$, and $38.00{\pm}1.79min$, respectively) and significantly reduced TW and repaired collagen fibre in the injured vessel compare to vehicle group. Our results provide a simple, reproducible and well controlled in vivo screening system to induce thrombosis in rats by the topical application of 35% $FeCl_3$ to assess the efficacy of the new anti-thrombotic agents.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.6756-6766
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 부모의 성취압력이 학업스트레스에 영향을 미치는가를 파악하고, 자기분화가 이들 간에 조절효과가 있는가를 검증하기 위해 시도되었다. 연구대상자는 경북지역 소재 2개 간호대학에 재학 중인 1,2학년 257명이다. 자료 수집을 위한 설문조사는 2014년 5월 19일부터 5월 30일까지 실시되었다. 연구결과, 간호학과 지원동기가 성적에 맞추거나 주위의 권유일 경우와 학교생활이나 전공에 대한 만족도가 낮은 경우 학업스트레스 수준이 높았다. 상관관계에서 성취압력은 가족 투사와 가장 높은 정(+)적인 상관성을, 가족퇴행은 학업스트레스와 부(-)적인 상관성을 보였다. 부모의 성취압력(${\beta}=.111$, p<0.05)은 학업스트레스와 유의미하여, 성취압력이 높을수록 학업스트레스 정도가 높아지고 있었다. 그리고 자기분화는 통계적으로 유의미한 조절효과를 갖지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 본 연구의 대상자가 저학년이며, 높은 가족투사, 가족퇴행현상으로 인해 기각된 것으로 판단되었다. 비록 조절효과가 기각되었지만 대학생들이 가족들과 적절한 분화가 되었을 때 자기분화가 독립적인 개체로서 학업스트레스를 조절하는 것을 알 수 있다. 그러므로 가족들의 적극적인 지지와 배려는 간호대학생의 학업성취에 긍정적으로 작용할 것이다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.144-155
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• 2010

최근 우리 생활에 로봇 시스템이 빠르게 확산되고 있으며, 로봇의 기능성에 대한 사용자의 요구가 증대됨으로써, 로봇 소프트웨어 컴포넌트는 세분화 되고 더욱 복잡하게 되었다. 따라서 표준화된 소프트웨어 플랫폼의 채택이 불가피하게 되었다. OPRoS는 로봇 시스템을 위한 컴포넌트 기반의 개방 표준 소프트웨어 플랫폼으로 소프트웨어 컴포넌트가 개발되면, OPRoS 표준 규격을 따르는 로봇 소프트웨어 컴포넌트의 적합성 검증이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 사용자들에 의해 개발된 각 컴포넌트의 적합성을 검증하는 구조적 적합성 테스트 도구에 대한 설계와 구현에 대하여 다룬다. 일부 실험적 테스트의 결과로서 컴포넌트가 표준 요구를 수용하는지, 수용하지 않는지를 본 테스트 도구로서 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2017

Blood pressure is one of the important vital signs for monitoring the medical condition of a patient. Automated NIBP(non-invasive blood pressure) monitoring devices calculate systolic and diastolic blood pressures from the oscillation in cuff pressure caused by a pulsation of an artery. To validate the NIBP devices, we developed a simulator to supply the oscillometric waveforms obtained from human subjects. The simulator provided pressure pulses to device-under-test and device readings were compared to the auscultatory references. Fully automated simulation system including OCR(optical character recognition) were developed and used for NIBP monitoring devices. The validation results using the simulator agreed well with previous clinical validation. More validation studies using the standardized oscillometric waveforms would be required for the replacement of clinical trials to validate a new automated NIBP monitoring device.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.511-519
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 수정된 노팅엄 감각평가(rNSA)를 한국판으로 번역하고 검증하는 것이었다. 수정된 rNSA를 한국어로 번역하기 위해 번안/역번안 과정을 사용하여 단면 연구가 수행되었고, 한국판 rNSA의 유효성을 조사하기 위하여 평가자간 및 평가자내 신뢰도, 내적일관성 및 동시타당도를 조사하였다. 한국판 rNSA는 평가자간 신뢰도(r=0.92-1.00), 평가자내 신뢰도(r=0.93-1.00)로 높은 신뢰도를 확인하였고, 한국판 Fugl Meyer의 감각항목과의 유의한 상관관계(r=0.96)를 확인하였다. 한국판 rNSA의 내적일치도에 대한 Cronbach 값은 0.73-0.90의 범위이고, 한국판 Fugl Meyer의 감각항목의 Cronbach 값은 0.70-0.88의 범위였다. 이 결과로, 한국판 rNSA의 신뢰도 및 타당도를 확인하였으며, 임상환경에서 뇌졸중 이후 감각기능을 평가하는 것이 가능할 수 있다고 생각한다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.742-754
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• 2020

Zircaloy cladding oxidation is an important phenomenon for both design basis accident and severe accidents, because it results in cladding embrittlement and rapid fuel temperature escalation. For this reason during the last decade, many experts have been conducting experiments to identify the oxidation phenomena that occur under design basis accidents and to develop mathematical analysis models. However, since the study of design extension conditions (DEC) is relatively insufficient, it is essential to develop and validate a physical and mathematical model simulating the oxidation of the cladding material at high temperatures. In this study, the QUENCH-05 and -06 experiments were utilized to develop the best-fitted oxidation model and to validate the SPACE code modified with it under the design extension condition. It is found out that the cladding temperature and oxidation thickness predicted by the Cathcart-Pawel oxidation model at low temperature (T < 1853 K) and Urbanic-Heidrick at high temperature (T > 1853 K) were in excellent agreement with the data of the QUENCH experiments. For 'LOCA without SI' (Safety Injection) accidents, which should be considered in design extension conditions, it has been performed the evaluation of the operator action time to prevent core melting for the APR1400 plant using the modified SPACE. For the 'LBLOCA without SI' and 'SBLOCA without SI' accidents, it has been performed that sensitivity analysis for the operator action time in terms of the number of SIT (Safety Injection Tank), the recovery number of the SIP (Safety Injection Pump), and the break sizes for the SBLOCA. Also, with the extended acceptance criteria, it has been evaluated the available operator action time margin and the power margin. It is confirmed that the power can be enabled to uprate about 12% through best-estimate calculations.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2011

While the assessment of mean flow field is very important to characterize the hydrodynamic aspect of the flow regime in river, the conventional methodologies have required very time-consuming efforts and cost to obtain the mean flow field. The paper provides an efficient technique to quickly assess mean flow field by developing and applying spatial averaging method utilizing repeatedly surveyed acoustic Doppler current profiler(ADCP)'s cross-sectional measurements. ADCP has been widely used in measuring the detailed velocity and discharge in the last two decades. In order to validate the proposed spatial averaging method, the averaged velocity filed using the spatial averaging was compared with the bench-mark data computed by the time-averaging of the consistent fix-point ADCP measurement, which has been known as a valid but a bit inefficient way to obtain mean velocity field. The comparison showed a good agreement between two methods, which indicates that the spatial averaging method is able to be used as a surrogate way to assess the mean flow field. Bed shear stress distribution, which is a derived hydrodynamic quantity from the mean velocity field, was additionally computed by using both spatial and time-averaging methods, and they were compared each other so as to validate the spatial averaging method. This comparison also gave a good agreement. Therefore, such comparisons proved the validity of the spatial averaging to quickly assess mean flow field. The mean velocity field and its derived riverine quantities can be actively used for characterizing the flow dynamics as well as potentially applicable for validating numerical simulations.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2016

Purpose: In case of existing building, A lot of attempts are being made like changing thermal system or using high efficiency products to decrease energy load and increase energy efficiency. However, (1) Absence of systemed database of green-remodeling technology and products. (2) Absence of comparative analysis system and qualitative/quantitative evaluation method of energy performance and energy reduction cost. (3) Existing remodeling was very hard to access for non-experts. So, in this paper, the authors developed data base for green-remodeling(Impact Table A, Impact Table B) and optimum combination dedication tool for user convenience. Accordingly, purpose of this paper validate usefulness of Impact Table and optimum alternative dedication tool. Method: For validate the usefulness of Impact Table and optimum combination dedication tool, the authors selected five test model office buildings. Next, through research investigation, the authors diagnosed the present state of buildings. In base of diagnosis results, select technologies for remodeling by qualitative comparison (Impact Table A). Next, evaluate quantitative price and performance technologies that selected in Impact Table A (Impact Table B). Lastly, through final evaluation of Impact Taba A and Impact Table B, determine the direction of the green-remodeling. Result: Impact Table and optimum combination dedication tool can use relative indicator for green-remodeling, especially through ROI by detail field.