• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4613-4617
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• 2012

National cancer incidence data were utilized to analyze trends in esophageal cancer incidence in China in order to provide basic information for making cancer control strategy. We retrieved and re-sorted valid esophageal cancer incidence data from National Central Cancer Registry Database over 20 years period from 1989 to 2008. Crude incidence and age-standardized incidence rates were calculated for analysis, with annual percent change estimated by Joinpoint software for long term trend analysis. The crude incidence rate of esophageal cancer was found to have remained relatively stable in both urban and rural areas over the 20 year period. Age standardized incidence rate (ASR) in cancer registration areas decreased from 39.5/100,000 in 1989 to 23.0/100,000 in 2008 in all areas (AAPC=-3.3%, 95% CI:-2.8~-3.7). The trend was no change in urban areas and 2.1% average annual decrease observed in rural aras. Before the year of 2000, esophageal cancer incidence rates significant decreased with 2.8% annually and then the rates kept stable. Over 20 years from 1989 to 2008, esophageal cancer age standardized incidence rate in cancer registration areas decreased with time. However, esophageal cancer is still a big issue and efforts for control should be continuously enhanced. Cancer registration is playing an important role in cancer control with the number of registries increasing and data quality improving in China.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.205-216
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was performed to develop a valid and reliable Korean Patient Classification System for Neonatal care nurses (KPCSN). Methods: The study was conducted in tertiary and general hospitals with 1~2 grade according to nursing fee differentiation policy for NICU (neonatal intensive care unit) nurse staffing. The reliability was evaluated for the classification of 218 patients by 10 nurse managers and 56 staff nurses working in NICUs from 10 hospitals. To verify construct validity, 208 patients were classified and compared for the type of stay, gestational age, birth weight, and current body weight. Nursing time was measured by nurses, nurse managers, and nurse aids. For the calculation of conversion index (total nursing time divided by the KPCSN score), 426 patients were classified using the KPCSN. Data were collected from September 5 to October 28, 2015, and analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, intraclass correlation coefficient, and non-hierarchial cluster analysis. Results: The final KPCSN consisted of 11 nursing categories, 71 nursing activities and 111 criteria. The reliability of the KPCSN was r=.83 (p<.001). The construct validity was established. The KPCSN score was classified into four groups; group $1:{\leq}57points$, group 2: 58~80 points, group 3: 81~108 points, and group $4:{\geq}109points$ in the KPSCN score. The conversion index was calculated as 7.45 minutes/classification score. Conclusion: The KPCSN can be utilized to measure specific and complex nursing demands for infants receiving care in the NICUs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

To analyze the driving principle of PDP, the influence on the discharge characteristics of space charge was researched. Space charge generated by the priming discharge shortens delay time of the discharge which happens as follows and shorts response time. Such influences are valid up to about 30㎲ after generating priming discharge. This space charge decreases dicharge ignition voltage of the cell near priming cell and the influences are most greatly alerted on the discharge of cell which is adjacent most. And the dependency to spare charge strengthens because discharge ignition voltage drop grows by narrowing of discharge pulse width. But the influence on space charge was observed very slightly in pulse width 1㎲ or more. Therefore, to cause a steady discharge, pulse width should become 1㎲ or more at least without being influenced for space charge of the adjoining discharge.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.1B
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• pp.53-57
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• 2012

This study presents a numerical model that is capable of simulating the evolution of mining pit in a stream. The numerical model is based on the quasi-steady assumption that the flow is steady with time-dependent morphological change. This hypothesis is valid due to the fact that the stream morphology changes over a long period compared with the time of flow change. Before applications, numerical experiments are carried out with two total load formulas such as Engelund and Hansen's (1967) and Ackers and White's (1973). It is found that the use of Engelund and Hansen's formula reproduces evolution of mining pit best compared with simulated profiles in Parker (2004). Then, the model is applied to two laboratory experiments in the literature. In general, the numerical model simulates properly the evolution of mining pit in laboratory open-channels. However, it is found that the model does not reproduce head-cutting, propagating upstream, and under-estimates the wave of the bed, propagating downstream, after finishing the re-fill of the mining pit.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.689-696
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• 2010

Interval-censored data are commonly found in studies of diseases that progress without symptoms, which require clinical evaluation for detection. Several techniques have been suggested with independent assumption. However, the assumption will not be valid if observations come from clusters. Furthermore, when the cluster size relates to response variables, commonly used methods can bring biased results. For example, in a study on lymphatic filariasis, a parasitic disease where worms make several nests in the infected person's lymphatic vessels and reside until adulthood, the response variable of interest is the nest-extinction times. Since the extinction times of nests are checked by repeated ultrasound examinations, exact extinction times are not observed. Instead, data are composed of two examination points: the last examination time with living worms and the first examination time with dead worms. Furthermore, as Williamson et al. (2008) pointed out, larger nests show a tendency for low clearance rates. This association has been denoted as an informative cluster size. To analyze the relationship between the numbers of nests and interval-censored nest-extinction times, this study proposes a joint model for the relationship between cluster size and clustered interval-censored failure data.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.108-119
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• 2000

Most of prior works on testing parallel programs have concentrated on how to guarantee the reproducibility by employing event traces exercised during executions of a program. Consequently, little work has been done to generate meaningful event sequences, especially, from specifications. This paper describes techniques for deriving event sequences from Message Sequence Charts(MSCs) which are widely used in telecommunication areas for its simplicity in specifying the behaviors of a program. For deriving event sequences from MSCs, we have to uncover the causality relations among events embedded implicitly in MSCs. In order to attain this goal, we adapt vector time stamping which has been previously used to determine the ordering of events taken place during an execution of interacting processes. Then, valid event sequences, satisfying the causality relations, are generated according to the interleaving rules suggested in this paper. The feasibility of our testing technique was investigated using the phone conversation example. In addition, we discussed on the experimental results gained from the example and how to combine various test criteria into our testing environment.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.300-307
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• 2010

According to growth of web, data processing technology is developing. In the Web of next generation, high-speed or high-volume data processing technologies for various wire-wireless users, USN and RFID are developing too. In this paper, we propose a high-volume data processing technology using Complex Event Processing(CEP) engine. CEP is the technology to process complex events. CEP Engine is the following characteristics. First it collects a high-volume event(data). Secondly it analyses events. Finally it lets event connect to new actions. In other words, CEP engine collects, analyses, filters high-volume events. Also it extracts events using pattern-matching for registered events and new events. As the results extracted. We use it by an input event of other work, real-time response for demanded event and can trigger to database for only valid data.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.82-92
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was attempted to understand the substance and meaning of menopause experienced by women through informal interviews with oral consent. The informants were 6 perimenopausal women of 50-55 years old who are executing menopause. Colaizz's analytical method, a type of phenomenological analysis, was used to analyze data recorded by audiotape. One professor and a master's degree student who understand phenomenology, and the one who has a master of arts examined the validity between the meanings composed of the clusters of themes. Findings were turned out to be valid through validation process as the last step. The meaning of menopause implied both 'concept about menopause' and 'menopause as a time of change'. Menopause was mostly considered as cessation of menstruation as a physiological, natural, and normal process by aging. However, some people regarded menopause as a loss of youth and womanhood and lessening of every function of the body. Menopause as the time of changes means 'the period of' 'hormonal changes' such as change of menstruation, hot flushes, perspiration, and palpitation ; 'body function changes' of visual acuity, physical strength, sleeping, digestion, thoughts, bone and joints, skin sensibility, sexual pattern and intelligence ; 'emotional changes' such as anxiety, loneliness, gloominess, and nervousness. Menopause is a turning point on the women's life cycle accompanying various kind of changes and health problems. Therefore it is inevitable to develop strategy helping menopausal women pass through the critical successfully by adapting and coping with their critical period toward the healthy and better quality of life individually rather than putting them all into the standardized hormonal replacement protocol.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 1999

Because conventional spatial databases process the spatial information that is valid at current time, it is difficult to manage historical information efficiently which has been changed from the past to current. Recently, there are rapid increasing of interest to solve this problem so that makes databases to support historical information as well as spatial management at the same time. It can be eventually used in a various application areas. The formal semantics in a database is used to represent database structures and operations in order to prove the correctiveness of them in terms or mathematics. It also plays an important role in database to design a database and database management system. So in this paper, we suggest spatiotemporal domain, object, data, and spatiotemporal geometric/topological operations. And we not only formalize relational algebra/calculus using formal semantics for a spatiotemporal data model, but also show the example of real orld with them.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 1998

In this paper, we propose a ESP(Extended Scan Path) architecture for multi-board testing. The conventional architectures for board testing are single scan path and multi-scan path. In the single scan path architecture, the scan path for test data is just one chain. If the scan path is faulty due to short or open, the test data is not valid. In the multi-scan path architecture, there are additional signals in multi-board testing. So conventional architectures are not adopted to multi-board testing. In the case of the ESP architecture, even though scan path is either short or open, it doesn't affect remaining other scan paths. As a result of executing parallel BIST and IEEE 1149.1 boundary scan test by using the proposed ESP architecture, we observed that the test time is short compared with the single scan path architecture. By comparing the ESP architecture with single scan path responding to independency of scan path, test time and with multi-scan path responding to signal, synchronization, we showed that the architecture has improved results.