• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2021

A Leg Mating Unit (LMU) is a device utilized during the float-over installation of offshore structures that include hyperelastic pads and mating part. The hyperelastic pads absorb the loads, whereas the mating part works as guidance between topside and supporting structures during the mating sequence of float-over installation. In this study, the design optimization of an LMU for the float-over installation of floating-type offshore structures is conducted to enhance the performance and to satisfy the requirements defined by classification society regulations. The initial dimensions of the LMU are referred to the dimensions of those used in fixed-type float-over installation because only the location and the number of LMUs are known. The two-parameter Mooney-Rivlin model is adopted to describe the hyperelastic pads under given material parameters. Geometric variables, such as the thickness, height, and width of members, as well as configuration variables, such as the angle and number of members, are defined as design variables and are parameterized. A sampling-based design sensitivity analysis based on latin hypercube sampling method is performed to filter the important design variables. The design optimization problem is formulated to minimize the total mass of the LMU under maximum von Mises stress and reaction force constraints.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2021

Background: Supraspinal delivery of neurotensin (NTS), which may contribute to the effect of a systemically administered agonist, has been reported to be either pronociceptive or antinociceptive. Here, we evaluated the effects of systemically administered NTSR1 agonist in a rat model of neuropathic pain and elucidated the underlying supraspinal mechanism. Methods: Neuropathic pain was induced by L5 and L6 spinal nerve ligation in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The effects of intraperitoneally administered NTSR1 agonist PD 149163 was assessed using von Frey filaments. To examine the role of 5-HT neurotransmission, a serotonin (5-HT) receptor antagonist dihydroergocristine was pretreated intrathecally, and spinal microdialysis studies were performed to measure the change in extracellular level of 5-HT in response to PD 149163 administration. To investigate the supraspinal mechanism, NTSR1 antagonist 48692 was microinjected into the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) prior to systemic PD 149163. Additionally, the effect of intrathecal DHE on intra-RVM PD 149163 was assessed. Results: Intraperitoneally administered PD 149163 exhibited a dose-dependent attenuation of mechanical allodynia. This effect was partially reversed by intrathecal pretreatment with dihydroergocristine and was accompanied by an increased extracellular level of 5-HT in the spinal cord. The PD 149163-produced antinociception was also blocked by intra-RVM SB 48692. Direct injection of PD 149163 into the RVM mimicked the maximum effect of the same drug delivered intraperitoneally, which was reversed by intrathecal dihydroergocristine. Conclusions: These observations indicate that systemically administered NTSR1 agonist produces antinociception through the NTSR1 in the RVM, activating descending serotonergic projection to release 5-HT into the spinal dorsal horn.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2021

Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major reason for stopping or changing anticancer therapy. Among the proposed pathomechanisms underlying CIPN, proinflammatory processes have attracted increasing attention. Here we assessed the role of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) signaling in cisplatin-induced neuropathic pain. Methods: CIPN was induced by intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin 2 mg/kg for 4 consecutive days using adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. PGD2 receptor DP1 and/or DP2 antagonists were administered intrathecally and the paw withdrawal thresholds were measured using von Frey filaments. Spinal expression of DP1, DP2, hematopoietic PGD synthase (H-PGDS), and lipocalin PGD synthase (L-PGDS) proteins were analyzed by western blotting. Results: The DP1 and DP2 antagonist AMG 853 and the selective DP2 antagonist CAY10471, but not the DP1 antagonist MK0524, significantly increased the paw withdrawal threshold compared to vehicle controls (P = 0.004 and P < 0.001, respectively). Western blotting analyses revealed comparable protein expression levels in DP1 and DP2 in the spinal cord. In the CIPN group the protein expression level of L-PGDS, but not of H-PGDS, was significantly increased compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings presented here indicate that enhanced PGD2 signaling, via upregulation of L-PGDS in the spinal cord, contributes to mechanical allodynia via DP2 receptors in a cisplatin-induced neuropathic pain model in rats, and that a blockade of DP2 receptor activation may present a novel therapeutic target for managing CIPN.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.27-55
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• 2021

Bisher wurde kein Beruf zwischen Recht und Berufsethik so diskutiert wie Ärzte. Diskussionen über die Qualifikation(od. Approbation) von Ärzten sind nicht nur eine Frage Koreas, sondern in den meisten zivilisierten Ländern ein wichtiges Diskussionsthema, wenn ein Arzt insbesondere für eine Straftat bestraft wird. Vor kurzem hat sich die koreanische Ärztekammer (the Korean Medical Association) weitgehend gegen das, "Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Reform des Medizingesetzes" stark ausgesprochen, das die Grunde für den Entzug einer Approbation für ein Verbrechen eines Arztes erweitert. Vor allem wird auf die Gefahr hingewiesen, eine Approbation für Straftaten zu entziehen, die nicht mit beruflichen Pflichten zusammenhängen. Es ist jedoch vernünftig, den Beruf bzw. das Gewerbe zu verbieten, wenn ein Fachmann unter Missbrauch seines Beruf oder grober Pflichtverletzung die Tat begangen hat und die Gefahr bestehet, dass er bei weiterer Ausübung seines Berufs erhebliche rechtswidrige Taten der bezeichneten Art begangen wird. Die Untersagung der Berufsausübung soll die Allgemeinheit gegen die spezifischen Gefahren schützen, die mit der Ausübung eines Berufs oder Gewebes verbunden sind. Da das Berufsverbot nur die Berufsausübung untersagt, die Approbation selbst aber bestehen lässt, kann die Approbationsbehörde in eigener Entscheidungskompetenz die Approbation zurücknehmen, wiederrufen, oder in Ruhen anordnen. Entsprechend dem Verhätnismäßigkeitsgrundsatz ist aber auch das Berufsverbot auf bestimmte Tätigkeiten im Bereich des Berufs zu beschränken, wenn dies zur Erreichung des Maßregelzwecks, dem schutz der Allgemeinheit, ausreichend ist. In diesem Beitrag wurden die Voraussetzunen des Berufsverbots und die tatsächlich an Ärzte bzw. medizinische Personal gerichteten Fälle untersucht.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.49-57
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• 2022

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the garden architectural characteristics of Villa d'Este, which occupies a major role in the exploration of the contrasting background, location, and spatial composition characteristics of Italian Renaissance gardens. The survey for the study was divided into a literature survey and a field survey, and the details are as follows. First, in the mid-to-late 16th century, the villa was built under the direction of Cardinal Ippolito d'Este, and afterwards, the ownership of the villa was restored to the Italian government in 1850 due to financial difficulties. The Villa d'Este, which suffered another damage, is now operated with many visitors after going through the restoration process. Second, in the case of location, it has the characteristics of Urbana located in the city center and has valley-type topographical conditions located at the foot of the mountain.Third, in the case of spatial composition, it is orthogonal to the axis, and each part of the garden is developed, influenced by the contrast principles such as the installation of the Cortile del Belvedere and Villa Madama in the early 16th century. The main building is located in the hills so that you can see the garden and the surrounding scenery at a glance. Fourth, among the components, there were stairs, logia, courtyard, and grotto, fountains, cascades, ponds, and vegetation such as laurels, thorn trees.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.373-387
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• 2020

This study examined the concept and essence of archetype theories of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Rudolf Steiner and Carl Gustav Jung, which theatrically influenced Michael Chekhov. It analyzed how archetype theories were applied in Chekhov's Psychological Gesture and tried to fundamentally understand Chekhov's Psychological Gesture that embraced archetype theories. The concept of archetype repeatedly appears in Chekhov's Psychological Gesture. Chekhov stated that archetype exists in the inner psychology or instinct of the actors and he defined the Psychological Gesture as an archetypal gesture. While exploring references regarding archetype in Chekhov's Psychological Gesture, this study found that it is closely related to archetype theories. Therefore this study thoroughly analyzed Goethe's archetype theory(archetypal plant), Steiner's archetype theory(4 temperament archetypes, 7 human's soul archetypes), Jung's archetype theory(collective unconscious and 4 archetypes, 12 personality archetypes) and it confirmed that archetype theories had a significant influence on Chekhov's Archetype Theory and Psychological Gesture. Goethe and Steiner's archetype theories, Eurythmy are applied to theater education and actor's acting. Likewise, Jung's archetype theory is also adopted theatrical studies and theatrical psychotherapy. The author believes that Chekhov's Archetype Theory and Psychological Gesture influenced by archetype theories will significantly help an actor analyze characters in the play and portray them in creative acting.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.215-226
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• 2022

Significant efforts have been devoted to developing high-performance composite materials by emulating the structure of biological creatures with superior mechanical characteristics. Nacre has been one of the most sought-after natural structures due to its exceptional fracture toughness compared with the constituent materials. However, the effect of manipulating the nacre-like geometry on the impact performance has not been fully investigated thus far. In this study, composites of randomly manipulated nacreous geometry are numerically developed and the impact performance is analyzed. We develop an algorithm by which the planar area of platelets in the nacre-like design is randomly resized. Thereafter, the numerical models of nonuniform nacre-patterned multi-layer structures are developed and the drop-weight impact simulation is performed. The impact behaviors of the model are evaluated by using the ratio of absorbed energy, the von Mises stress distribution, and the impact force-time curve. Therefore, the effect of the geometric irregularity on the nacre-patterned design is elucidated. This insight can be efficiently utilized in establishing the optimum design of the nacre-patterned structure.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• no.95
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• pp.59-93
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• 2011

Die vorliegende Abhandlung beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, ob Jacque Derrida das Problem des Global-Terrorismus im politisch-theologischen Sinne mit seiner Philosophie der Gastfreundschaft lösen kann. Fur Derrida ist der '11. September' das 'Ereignis', und das Symptom einer autoimmunitären Erkrakung der westlichen Welt. Derrida findet im '11. September Ereignis' die Struktur der Aneignung des Eignen und der Enteignung im Heideggerschen Sinne. Das 'major event' wird nicht in einer vergangenen Aggression bestanden haben, die präsent und wirksam ist und noch schlimmer in der Futur sein wird. Derrida versucht einen philosophischen, politisch-theologischen Ansatz zur Bedingungen der Möglichkeit der absoluten, vollkommenen Auflösung des Globalen Terrorismus zu programmieren. Dafür fordert er das Postulat Verwirklichung des 'Messianischen ohne Messianismus'. Die Gegenüberstellung zwei politischer Theologien zwischen der Europäischen Demokratie und der Islamischen Vereinigten Staaten kann erlöst werden, wenn die 'neue religiöse Spiritualität', die gegenüber der dogmatischen Religionswahrheit frei ist, mit der 'Wiederkehr der Religion' im echten Sinne vorkommt. In der 'Neuen Religion' Derridas ist der Begriff der 'Gastfreundschaft' wichtiger als der der 'Toleranz', den er als 'abrahamitisch' definiert. Die von Derrida postulierte neue Religion ist eine offene Religion, in der das Unvergebbare unbedingt zu vergeben ist. Ihre politische Transformation ist der Begriff der 'Neuen Europäischen Gemeinschaft' und des 'Anderen Kaps'. Derrida postuliert diese neue Idee des Kosmopolitismus als die notwendige Bedingung der vollkommenen Auflösung des autoimmunitären Global-Terrorismus.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• no.85
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• pp.161-198
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• 2009

In der traditionellen Geschichte der Philosophie wurde das Erhabene uberwiegend als ein Erlebnis verstanden, worin sich der Mensch uber den alltaglichen Mittelmass hinaus erhoht. So ist das Erlebnis des Erhabenens durch diese transzendierende Erhohung gekennzeichnet. Aber dabei wurde ubergangen, dass das Erhabene eigentlich von der Konfrontation des Menschen mit der Natur beigefuhrt wird. Wir vertreten die These, dass das Erhabene ein weltthematisierendes Ereignis darstelle und dass dieses Ereignis in einem Zwischenbereich zwischen Menschen und Welt eintrete. Die Phanomenologie stellt sich dabei als eine Methodenlehre heraus, einen sachgerechten Zugang zum Erhabenen darzubieten, weil sie im Grudne in jenem Zwischenbereich verankert ist. So stellt sich vor uns die Aufgabe, das Erhabene auf der Grundlage der phanomenologischen Methode zu beleuchten und damit den phanomenologischen Sinn des Erhabenens ans Licht zu bringen. Bei Heidegger finden sich die Hinweisen auf das Erhabene gerade in der Grundstimmung der Angst. Hingegen fur Merleau-Ponty haben wir den Zugang zum Erhabenen im Leib und leiblichen Fleisch. Fur beiden zeigt sich das Erlebnis des Erhabenen als ein Vorkommnis des Weltauftretens. Weil sich das Erhabene dabei als ein Erlebnis des passiven Erstaunens versteht, konnte nicht das traditionelle philosophische Denken, sondern die Kunst wie Malerlei diesem Phanomen des Erhabenens gerecht werden. So gehoren die Phanomenologie des Erhabenens und die phanomenologische Theorie des Kunst zusammen.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2022

Background: The pentadecapeptide BPC-157 has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects on multiple target tissues and organs. Peptides have potent anti-inflammatory effects on periodontal tissues in rats with periodontitis. Few studies have investigated the effect of BPC-157 on pain after dental procedures or oral surgeries. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antinociceptive effects of BPC-157 on postoperative incisional pain in rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: control (saline with the same volume), BPC10 (10 ㎍/kg of BPC-157), BPC20 (20 ㎍/kg of BPC-157), BPC40 (40 ㎍/kg of BPC-157), and morphine (5 mg/kg of morphine). A 1-cm longitudinal incision was made through the skin, fascia, and muscle of the plantar aspect of the hind paw in isoflurane-anesthetised rats. Withdrawal responses were measured using von Frey filaments at 0, 2, 6 h and 4, 7 d after incision. The formalin test was also performed to differentiate its anti-nociceptive effect from an inflammatory reaction or central sensitization. Pain behavior was quantified periodically in phases 1 and 2 by counting the number of flinches in the ipsilateral paw after injection with 30 µL of 5% formalin. Results: The threshold of mechanical allodynia was significantly increased in the BPC10, BPC20, BPC40 and morphine groups compared with that in the control group at 2 h. These increasing thresholds then returned to the levels of the control group. The BPC-157 group showed a much higher threshold at 4 days after incision than the control group. The thresholds of the BPC groups, except the morphine group, were normalized 7 days after incision. The flinching numbers of the BPC10, BPC20, BPC40 and morphine groups were significantly decreased in phase 1, but there was no decrease in the BPC-157 groups except the morphine group in phase 2. Conclusions: BPC-157 was effective only for a short period after incision. It was also effective during phase 1 but not during phase 2, as determined by the formalin test. BPC-157 might have a short antinociceptive effect, even though it has anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects.