• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.193-202
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-treatment of core and hydrothermal treatment on the bond strength and flexural strength of ceramic veneered zirconia. Methods: 3Y-TZP specimens(KaVo Zr, $25mm{\times}3mm{\times}1mm$)were prepared by five pre-treatment methods and divided into seven groups including control two groups, subsequently the specimens veneered with the E-MAX ceram according to manufacturer's information(total specimen thickness 1.5mm). Two groups from ceramic-zirconia specimens(n=105, n=15 per group)were assigned into two experimental fatigue conditions, namely storage in an autoclave at $134^{\circ}C$ for 5h, thermo-cycling(3,000cycles, between 5 and $55^{\circ}C$, dwell time 45s, transfer time 2s). A flexural strength test was performed in a universal testing machine(crosshead speed: 0.5mm/min). Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test(${\alpha}$=0.05). Results: The ceramic-zirconia bond strength value for liner application group(LLW, $27.3{\pm}3.8$) were significantly lower than those of the pre-treatment groups($30.72{\pm}5.3$). The ceramic-zirconia bond strength and zirconia flexural strength was not affected by thermo-cycling(p>0.05), whereas it was affected by storage in an autoclave at $134^{\circ}C$ for 5h(p<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that the ceramic-zirconia bond strength and zirconia flexural strength was affected by low temperature degradation.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.479-486
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• 2016

본 연구는 초등학교 5학년 남학생을 대상으로 12주 신체활동 중재가 비만 및 대사증후군 위험인자와 스마트폰 게임 참여에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 연구대상자는 초등학교 5학년 남학생 27명으로 실험군 16명, 대조군 11명으로 나누어 실시하였다. 신체활동 중재는 런닝과 줄넘기를 1일 60분, 주당 3회 실시하였고, 운동 강도는 50%에서 시작하여 70%까지 증가시켰다. 집단간 통계적 검증은 이원변량분석(two-way RM ANOVA)을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 비만과 대사증후군 지표, 스마트폰 게임 참여시간에 있어 신체활동 중재에 여부에 따라 유의한 상호작용 효과를 나타났다. 결론적으로 12주 신체활동 중재는 비만을 비롯한 대사증후군에 긍정적인 개선효과를 가짐과 동시에 부가적으로 스마트폰 게임 참여와 같은 부정적인 생활습관을 개선하는 효과를 가지는 것으로 사료된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.675-686
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• 2005

It is known that appropriate exercise changes body composition and improves coronary artery disease. This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationships between aerobic exercise, body composition, and the blood lipid levels in the middle-aged women(33 to 54 years old). The 57 subjects were divided into two groups based on their exercise: the aerobic exercise group(A group: 44) which performed at about $60\%$ of $VO_2max$ during over 6 months and the sedentary one(S group: 13). The percentages of body fat waist/hip ratio(WHR), body mass, and lean body mass of two groups were measured and compared in serum HDLC level and oxidized LDL level, the two most effective factors of coronary artery disease. The subjects in A group showed the lower percentages of body fat and WHR, when compared with the ones in S group. The body mass and lean body mass of A group subjects were higher than those of S group subjects. The serum HDL-C level$(58.6\pm12.7mg/mL)$ was significantly higher for A than S group subjects.(p<0.05) The sem ox-LDL level $(6.64\pm4.11Eu/mL)$ for A group subjects was lower than S group ones. The fat mass showed significantly positive correlations with atherogenic index(AI)(r=0.301, p<0.05), and with blood glucose levels(r=0.334, p<0.05). Also the WHR whowed significantly positive correlations with LDL-C levels(r=0.277, p<0.05), and with AI(r=0.466, p<0.01). In summary, the subjects in A group have the lower percentages of body fat and WHR, when compared with the ones in S group. Also, A group subject showed a tendency that exercise enhances serum HDL-C levels and decreases oxidized LDL levels. And aerobic exercise showed positive results which change body composition and improve blood lipid levels. There were significantly positive correlations among the percentages of body fat At and blood glucose level. These results suggest that moderately intensive exercise is a significant factor in reducing coronary artery disease.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.349-356
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare the thermophysiological responses and subjective sensations of clothing materials with different water transfer property investigated in exercising and resting subjects at an ambient temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ and a relative humidity of 40%. Two kinds of clothing ensemble were tested: 100% cotton with highly water-absorbent but slowly dry properties(C) and 100% polyester with quickly water-absorbent and dry properties by four capillary channels(QADP). Seven apparently healthy male participants each undertook two series of experiments comprised 10-min of rest, 20-min of exercise with 70% of $VO_{2max}$ on a treadmill and 20-min of recovery. Mean skin temperature was significantly lower in QADP than in C during exercise and recovery. Clothing microclimate temperature was significantly lower in QADP during exercise and clothing surface temperature was also lower in QADP especially during recovery. Also, clothing surface humidity was significantly higher in QADP after the later half of exercise. The concentration of blood lactic acid tended to decrease to a lower level at recovery 3 minutes when wearing QADP rather than C clothing ensemble. Metabolic energy was marginally significantly less during the second half of exercise in QADP. Body mass loss tended to be greater in C than in QADP. The participants had better scores in thermal sensation, comfortable sensation and wetness in QADP during exercise and recovery. These results show that functional materials with quickly water-absorbent and dry properties can alleviate heat strain and induce more comfortable clothing microclimates and subjective sensations in the exercise-induced hyperthermia.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a pre-exercise meal on the plasma human growth hormone (hGH) response and fat oxidation during walking. Subjects (n=8) were randomly provided with either 1 g/kg body weight of glucose in 200 mL water (CHO) or 200 mL water alone (CON) 30 min prior to exercise and subsequently walked on a treadmill at 50% of VO2max for 60 min. Plasma hGH concentrations were significantly higher in subjects who received CHO compared to those who received CON at 15 and 30 min. The fat oxidation rate in the CHO was significantly lower than the CON while walking for 5~15, 25~35 and 45~55 min. Plasma FFA levels were also significantly lower in the CHO compared to the CON at 30, 45 and 60 min. Plasma glucose levels in the CHO were significantly lower while plasma insulin levels were significantly higher than in the CON at 15 and 30 min. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that the elevation of plasma hGH levels due to the intake of a pre-exercise meal may not be strongly related to fat oxidation and plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels during low-intensity exercise.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlations among the resting physical factors related to a six-minute walk test (6MWT) and to determine the effects of the resting physical factors on the distance and intensity related to the 6MWT in healthy female subjects. Methods: A total of 43 healthy female subjects ($22.84{\pm}3.90yrs$) participated in this study. They performed the 6MWT, and the physical factors related to the 6MWT were assessed. SPSS 20.0 was used to analyze the data, and the mean and standard deviation were calculated, and the collected data were analyzed by the Pearson's correlation coefficient (among physical factors related to 6MWT) and independent t-test (between six-minute walk distance [6MWD] groups and six-minute walk intensity [6MWI] groups). Results: The 6MWD had a significant negative correlation with the resting HR (beat/min) in healthy female subjects (r=-0.49, p<0.05). The 6MWI had a significant negative correlation with the resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) (r=-0.45, p<0.01). A comparison of the 6MWD revealed the long distance group (LDG, 700-799 m) to be significantly higher than the middle distance group (MDG, 600-699 m) in the 6MWI (%), %predicted distance (%), predicted VO2max (mL/kg/min), resting HR (beat/min), and resting SBP (mmHg)(p<0.05). In the comparison of 6MWI, the moderate intensity group (MIG, 64-75%HRmax) was significantly lower than the low intensity group (LIG, 50-63%HRmax) in the resting SBP (mmHg) (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that the resting physical factors are related to the 6MWD and 6MWI of the 6MWT in healthy females. In particular, SBP is associated with not only the 6MWD but also the 6MWI in 6MWT.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.448-456
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• 2003

유산소운동과 서어킷 웨이트 트레이닝이 호흡순환기능과 신체조성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 P시에 거주하는 직장여성 16명을 대상으로, 8명을 운동군으로 나머지 8명을 통제군으로 하여 운동군에게는 1일 1시간씩, 주당 5일, 8주간의 유산소운동(70%∼80%HRmax)과 서어킷 웨이트 트레이닝(1RM의 40%∼50%)을 실시하였다. 두 군 모두 pretest와 posttest를 실시하여 호흡순환기능과 신체구성의 변화를 비교ㆍ분석한 결과, 운동군에서는 안정시의 심박수는 유의하게 감소하였고(p<.001), 산소섭취량, 환기량 그리고 폐활량은 유의하게 증가하였다(p<.001). 최대운동시 산소섭취량도 운동군에서는 유의한 증가가 나타났다(p<.001). 또한 운동군에서는 체지방률과 체지방량은 유의하게 감소한(p<.001) 반면 제지방률과 제지방량은 유의하게 증가하였다(p<.001). 이상의 결과에서 유산소운동과 저항성운동의 복합 프로그램은 직장여성의 심폐기능 향상과 체지방 감소에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2009

This study aims to find out the effect of ingestion of 3 mg·kg^-1 caffeine on fluid-electrolyte balance and Tty change during exercise under heat environment of 30~32℃ (40-50% humidity). Five trained males who routinely trained for approximately 60 min·d^-1, 3-6 d·wk^-1 (age; 28.20±3.56yrs, height; 174.56±5.46 cm, body mass; 76.13±9.02 kg, body fat(%); 14.24±3.99, VO₂max; 54.00±4.30 mL·kg^-1·min^-1, exercise career; 4.20±1.95yrs) performed 40min of treadmill running in heat chamber. The study was a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Body mass change following exercise was higher for the PLAC (Placebo) and CAFF (Caffeine) in comparison to the CON (Control), there was no significant difference between the CAFF, PLAC, CON (p= .997). The U_sg not significant differences (p= .731) and Osm_urine not significant differences between the CAFF, PLAC, CON (p= .901). There also were not significant between the CAFF, PLAC, CON for [Na⁺]_urine and [K⁺]_urine (p= .928, p= .469). In the case of Tty, although the increase rate of Tty was the highest for the CAFF on exercise early, exercise the second half in comparison to the CON and PLAC, there was not significant interaction effect between the CAFF, PLAC, and CON of Tty (p= .067), In conclusion, it was confirmed that the 3 mg·kg^-1 caffeine ingestion prior to exercising in heat environment does not impart negative effect on body fluid, electrolyte balance and changes in Tty.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.553-566
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• 2015

본 연구는 강도별 규칙적인 유산소운동이 중년여성의 적혈구생성인자, BDNF와 인지기능, 작업기억에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 규명하기 위해 실시하였다. 경기도 Y시 소재 G구에 거주하는 40~60대 중년여성을 대상으로 통제집단(n=9, non-exercise), 중강도 유산소운동집단(n=10, 50%VO2max, 200 kcal), 고강도 유산소운동집단(n=9, 70%VO2max, 200 kcal)으로 분류하여 12주간 주 3회의 빈도로 집단의 특성에 맞게 운동처치를 실시하여 운동전과 6주, 12주 후 채혈과 인지기능 및 작업기억검사를 통해 적혈구생성인자, BDNF, 인지기능 및 작업기억을 측정하였다. 모든 자료는 SPSS Ver. 15.0를 통해 집단, 시기, 상호교호작용의 비교를 위해 반복측정분산분석, 일변량분석 및 사후검증(LSD)을 실시하였다. 그 결과 적혈구생성인자, BDNF, 인지기능, 작업기억에서 시기에 따른 유의한 차이가 나타나 일변량분석을 통해 집단 내 시기에 따른 분석을 실시한 결과 중강도 유산소운동은 적혈구 수, 헤마토크릿, BDNF와 작업기억에서 유의하게 증가하였고(p<.05), (p<.01), (p<.05), (p<.05), 고강도 유산소운동은 적혈구 수와 작업기억에서 유의하게 증가하였다(p<.01)(p<.001). 또한 집단 간 비교 결과 헤마토크릿은 중강도 유산소운동집단과 고강도 유산소운동집단이 통제집단에 비해 유의하게 높았고(p<.01), 헤모글로빈은 중강도 유산소운동집단이 통제집단에 비해 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 따라서 본 연구의 결과를 비추어볼 때 중년여성의 적혈구생성인자, BDNF, 인지기능 및 작업기억에 12주의 중강도 이상의 유산소운동이 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.804-808
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 12주 유산소 트레이닝 전에 비해 트레이닝 후, 간 기능을 나타내는 효소들이 모두 감소함을 나타냈으나 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타내지 못했으며 이는 트레이닝이 간 기능에 영향을 미치지 못한 선행연구[5,15]들에서와 같은 결과를 나타냈다. 하지만 부분적으로 전체 대상자 13명 중 3명(23%)의 간 효소들 즉, 임상적 비정상을 나타낸 알부민(albumin), 토탈빌리루빈(total bilirubine), AST가 트레이닝 후, 정상적인 임상수치로 돌아와 규칙적인 12주 유산소 트레이닝이 제 2형 당뇨(T2DM) 환자의 간 효소에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타내지 못했지만 임상적 판단 수치에 영향을 미친 것은 사실이다. 하지만 모든 비정상적인 간 기능 효소가 정상으로 회기한 것도 아니며 통계적으로 유의한 차이도 나지못했기 때문에 제 2형 당뇨환자(T2DM)의 간 기능 효소를 증진시키는 데 있어 운동 트레이닝의 효과는 성급히 판단하기 어려우며 운동 강도와 기간 등 좀 더 세분화고 다양한 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.