• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.3-11
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• 2018

This study aims to investigate whether there is intensionally changing eye - gaze on the cafe space images with floor finishing materials. In the Yarbus' experiment, he argued that changing information that an observer is asked to obtain from an image changes pattern of eye movements. Based on the scan path evidence, this research have questions as (1) the difference of visual attention on finishing floor material stimulus, (2) visual attention of initial activity time and type of movement paths on AOIs, and (3) visual relation floor area with another AOIs. Eye movements were recorded with the SMI REDn Scientific, which sampled eye position at 30Hz and lasted 2 minutes(120s). Although viewing was binocular, only the right eye was tracked. Of the 66 observers(mean age 22 years, standard deviation: ${\pm}1.82$) who participated in the experiment done by the four point calibration and validation procedures at the beginning tasks. Analyzing qualitative data from the number of fixation and duration on AOIs divided into four parts (AOI I-Floor, AOI II-Wall, AOI III-Ceiling, and AOI IV-Counter) in the stimulus. The results from this experiment analyzed as follows. First, it was significant in the difference of the average number of AOIs fixation times observed for the spatial image using the wood tile flooring material and the polishing tile. The wood tile flooring of stimulus had higher fixation number on AOI-II, AOI-III, and AOI-IV than the polishing tile. On seeing AOI-I was higher attention in the polishing tile stimulus. Second, the observers examined AOI-II intensively in both stimuli. However, the visual intensity was also followed by on the AOI-IV and AOI-I in the wood tile flooring stimulus, and on AOI-I, AO-IV in the polishing tile. Third, visual attention data on each AOIs have divided into the time range of "5 sec" for both images. In the wood tile stimulus, the horizontal movement path followed by AOI-II, AOI-IV, and AOI-II. In the polished tile stimulus, the movement path followed by moving vertically to AOI-II, AOI-I, and AOI-II. This study approached meaningfully and found out the characteristics of visual attention, according to the different intentions of visual attention, the relationship pathways of visual mechanism appeared and also activated by eye-tracking experiments.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2002

Purpose of this paper is to find the Baroquely characteristics in Korean Temple Architecture.(MA KOK-SA) We could find out the characteristics as follows; First, visual freedom and floating in the arrangement of the temple buildings through segmenting the axis. Second, tension of variations in size, distance, and frame. Third, diverse sceneries provided by Sequential(dynamic) view points. Fourth, visual process and sharp contrast between horizontality and verticality, and unexpected scenery, etc.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.184-189
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• 2008

The change in a society have brought about other changes in the overall areas of culture and art. And have brought the advent of "object", which is a unique cultural aspect. The object became a trend of the world in a culture and art. This trend has satisfied the modern people who have look for new visual stimulation. The object appears well in the spaces restaurants and bars where are reflected in consumer's needs and change of life pattern. The reason is that the spaces restaurants and bars have expressed the differentiated and individualized image with the characteristic of the times. There are three types of the expressed characteristics of objects in interior design. These are visual, functional, and emotional characteristics. But in this study it could not be found that it characterized with one concrete vocabulary and concept. Therefore, it is need to understand the various tendency which expressed characteristics of objects in the spaces restaurants and bars.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.728-735
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• 2005

In this study, relationships between student the cognitive affective characteristics and conceptual understanding from individual computer-assisted instruction were investigated. Tests regarding field dependence-independence, learning strategy, self-regulated ability, visual learning preference, goal orientation, self-efficacy on ability, and computer attitude were administered. After having been taught by means of a CAl program, a conception test on molecular motion was administered. It was found that student conceptual understanding was significantly related to field independence, learning strategy, self-regulated ability among the cognitive characteristics and visual learning preference, goal orientation, self-efficacy on ability among the affective characteristics. Multiple regression analysis of the cognitive characteristics on conceptual understanding found that field dependence-independence was the most significant predictor. Self-regulated ability and a deep learning strategy were also found to have predictive power. Lastly, analysis of the affective characteristics, visual learning preference and self-efficacy on ability exposed them to be significant predictors of student conceptual understanding.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.3 s.71
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• pp.203-214
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• 2007

This study proposes an information retrieval method reflecting the user's preferences based on the fuzzy set theory to develop information contents which support pedestrian's navigation. Firstly, the research evaluated subjects' preferences on commercial spaces set to a hypothetical destination. Also it surveyed the causal relationship between the visual characteristics and the emotional characteristics to propose methods of Navigation Knowledge Base (NKB). The NKB was composed of three elements; 1. the correlation model between emotional characteristics, 2. the causal relationship between visual characteristics and emotional characteristics, 3. the transformation model between visual characteristics and the physical characteristics. Secondly, this study classified the pedestrian's destination search into 4 types with his or her preferences and the time conditions limited during navigation. For each type it presented the Destination Search Algorithm (DSA). Finally, the research simulated the destination search in 4 navigation types using NKB and DSA and verified the availability of the information retrieval method reflecting pedestrian's preferences. In conclusion, the proposed information search method will be applied to reflect the user's preferences to develop information appliances.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.2 s.61
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• pp.115-122
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to extract design concepts, especially in relation to light, as a part of extracting design concepts in architectural interior design. This study consists of two steps. Firstly, appropriate design concepts are extracted from various design characteristics. Secondly, these concepts are classified in the frame of other components of architectural space, as well as in the frame of the plastic characteristics of light. Various design characteristics were analyzed, those of which relating to the plastic character of space, namely, visual phenomenon. As a result of the analysis, 32 concepts were extracted. These concepts, in the frame of other components of architectural space (space, form, structure, opening of space, material, color, inside & outside relationship), were classified, as well as In the frame of the plastic character of Light (transparency, perception, direction, ornament). As the results of this research, the suggested design concepts will be a study material, available to the interior designers as well as students who want to utilize the organized study concepts.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 2008

In this paper, adaptive watermarking algorithm which based on fuzzy reasoning and hybrid scheme is presented. To enforce the time and space complexity, hybrid scheme which utilize a color information as well as visual characteristics is also addressed. Proposed approach have double-aim: in first to use the visual characteristics so as to enforce the robustness of watermarking, and in second to select the optimal sub-band which is to be embedded a watermark. One of the principal advantage is that this approach involved the fuzzy inference module which is designed to select an optimal sub-band from the DWT coefficient blocks. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed algorithm, some numerical experiments of robustness and imperceptibility are evaluated with respect to such attacks as JPEG compression, noise and cropping.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.27-35
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• 2014

Motion Graphic developed in the visual fields such as film and TV is widely used from the fields of arts such as applied paintings to interactive media such as web sites. In particular, Motion Graphic is actively used in the film's promotion websites with the form of a mixture between characteristics of visual media and characteristics of websites. In this study, we analyze the characteristics of film's promotion websites, investigate previous studies for Motion Graphic analysis. And present a model for the analysis of websites including visual elements, media elements and motion elements as main elements. We select some of promotion websites for films among 2013 domestic hot films, carry out a case analysis, and present the direction of development on the base of the results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1208-1218
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine the expressional characteristics and effects of Diabolism image that appeared in fashion illustration. The concept of evil from ancient times is arranged with more basic pain, unhappiness, breakdown, fear, ignorance, sadness, imperfection, death, disease, and ugliness than it can be understandable in modern society. However, as the concept of evil is included in sacred ground of art and is begun to understand by the ugliness of broad sense, the evil and ugliness were recognized as subordinate concepts which fertilizing beauty. Also, image characteristics of Diabolism in pop culture are taking charge roles that remove visual discordance to decadent and mysterious beauty and trying to find new beauty by presentation of bad-tasted style. The aesthetic and expressional characteristics of Diabolism in modem visual media have something in common which is classified into five shapes: Negative image, Symbolic line and color, Transformation, Devilish shape, and Fantastic image. The Diabolism expressions in fashion illustration since 1980 show the possibility of image expression as a new technical field because they differ from existing expression methods and viewpoints of beauty. Therefore, the practical use of devilish image to express excessive aesthetic sense can expand the extent of image expression.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.143-153
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• 2004

This research aimed to assess nursing homes for the elderly with geriatric diseases in Japan, and to prepare the knowledge basis to develop nursing home for the elderly with geriatric diseases in Korea. For this, researcher visited 5 facilities in Tokyo from October 3 to October 9 in 2002, collected data by observations, interviews, and visual materials by taking photographs. Visual materials were analyzed according to the environmental assessment matrix consisted of supportiveness, flexibility, efficiency in perception, accessibility, safety, amenity, and social Interaction that were assorted and were given a name by these researchers in the process of this research. Among the characteristics of environmental design of the analysis cases, 992 items picked out from 722 visual materials were used in the analysis. The data were analyzed using the frequency and percentage with SPSS 11 program. The analysis results were the fellowing. The characteristics of recent nursing home design in Japan tended to focus on supportiveness, amenity, and efficiency in perception but to leave much desired in flexibility and safety. In each space, space to support outdoor activities tended to focus on efficiency in perception, space to support living activities tended to focus on amenities, space to support treatment and living tended to focus on supportiveness, space to support administration and operation tended to focus on supportiveness, and space to support movement tended to focus on amenities.