• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.149-149
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• 2017

최근 지구온난화에 따른 기후변화로 인하여 전 세계적으로 가뭄, 홍수 등의 극한 기후사상이 발생하고 있다. 그 중 가뭄의 발생은 다른 수문학적 재해와는 다르게 장기간에 걸쳐서 발생하고 그 피해 범위가 광범위하게 나타난다. 또한, 기후변화를 고려한 다양한 기후예측모델의 예측 결과는 가뭄 재해가 앞으로 더 심각해질 수 있다는 전망을 하고 있다는 점에서 그 심각성이 더욱 대두되고 있다. 이러한 가뭄을 효과적으로 감시하고 평가할 수 있는 방안이 필요로 하게 되며, 기존의 가뭄지수(drought index)의 단점을 보완할 수 있는 수단으로 높은 활용성을 갖고 있는 위성영상자료를 활용한 효과적인 가뭄모니터링 기술의 개발이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 가뭄을 시 공간적으로 모니터링하기 위해서 위성자료를 활용하였으며, Terra/Aqua 위성의 MODIS 영상자료 와 TRMM 및 GPM 위성의 강우자료를 활용하여 가뭄을 감시할 수 있는 가뭄지수 인 VHI(Vegetation Health Index), DSI(Drought Severity Index), Water Balance Method를 산정하였다. 산정된 지수의 정확도를 정량적으로 평가하기 위하여 가뭄 피해조사 결과에 의한 2001년 및 2014-2015년 농업적/수문학적 가뭄피해지역과 위성기반 가뭄지수에 의한 가뭄모니터링 결과 간의 ROC 분석을 통해 위성자료 기반 가뭄감시의 적용 가능성을 평가하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 통하여 위성영상 자료를 통하여 산정되는 가뭄지수의 기상학적/농업적/수문학적 가뭄감시 기능 및 적용성이 정량적으로 평가될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.329-329
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• 2023

가뭄은 수개월에서 수년에 걸쳐 평년보다 낮은 강수량을 특징으로 하는 극심한 기후 현상으로 크게 기상학적 가뭄과 식생 가뭄 또는 농업 가뭄, 수문학적 가뭄, 사회경제적 가뭄으로 구분할 수 있다. 본 연구에 사용된 기상학적 가뭄지수는 표준강수지수 (Standardized Precipitation Index), 증발수요가뭄지수 (Evaporative Demand Drought Index), 표준강수증발산지수 (Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index), Copula 기반 결합가뭄지수 (Copula-based Joint Drought Index)이다. 식생지수는 0부터 1까지 0.05 간격으로 가중치를 적용하여 21개의 식생건강지수(Vegetation Health Index)를 사용하였다. VHI는 널리 사용되고 있는 원격탐사자료 기반의 가뭄지수이며, 이는 식생상태지수 (Vegetation Condition Index)와 열상태지수 (Thermal condition index)의 선형 결합으로 이루어진다. 기상학적 가뭄지수와 식생지수 사이의 상호의존도 및 민감도를 분석하기 위해 상관성 분석을 수행하였으며, 이를 토지피복 유형 (시가화 건조지역, 농업지역, 초지, 산림지역)에 따른 분석도 수행하고자 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.459-459
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• 2022

물수지의 불균형으로 발생되는 가뭄은 장기간에 걸쳐 넓은 규모로 발생되는 자연재해로서, 농업 및 산업에 직접 피해와 다양한 상품에 대한 공급 부족으로 인한 가격 상승 등의 간접 피해를 야기하는 재해이다. 이러한 가뭄을 정량적으로 평가하기 위하여 기상 요인(강수, 기온), 농업 요인(식생), 수문 요인(증발산, 토양수분) 등과 같은 설명 변수를 기초로 하는 많은 가뭄지수들이 개발되어 왔다. 대표적인 가뭄지수에는 Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), Soil Water Deficit Index (SWDI), Vegetation condition index (VCI), Temperature Condition Index (TCI), Vegetation Health Index (VHI), Scaled Drought Condition Index (SDCI), Integrated Crop Drought Index (ICDI) 등이 있다. 본 연구는 최근 개발된 통합작물가뭄지수(ICDI)를 통해 미국 옥수수의 약 90%를 생산하는 농업지역인 미국 콘벨트의 가뭄 특성을 분석하고자 한다. ICDI는 기상 요인(강우량 및 지표면 온도), 수문학적 요인(잠재 증발산 및 토양수분), 식생 요인(강화식생지수(Enhanced Vegetation Index, EVI))의 조합을 통해 지표면의 건조·습윤 상태 및 식생의 건강 상태를 설명하는 가뭄지수이다. 2004년부터 2019년까지 주요 콘벨트 지역인 일리노이, 인디애나, 아이오와를 대상으로 가뭄분석을 실시하였으며, 옥수수 수확량 아노말리와의 상관성을 분석하였다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.121-131
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• 2018

Climate change has caused changes in environmental factors that have a direct impact on agriculture such as temperature and precipitation. The meteorological disaster that has the greatest impact on agriculture is drought, and its forecasts are closely related to agricultural production and water supply. In the case of terrestrial data, the accuracy of the spatial map obtained by interpolating the each point data is lowered because it is based on the point observation. Therefore, acquisition of various meteorological data through satellite imagery can complement this terrestrial based drought monitoring. In this study, Evaporative Stress Index (ESI) was used as satellite data for drought determination. The ESI was developed by NASA and USDA, and is calculated through thermal observations of GOES satellites, MODIS, Landsat 5, 7 and 8. We will identify the difference between ESI and other satellite-based drought assessment indices (Vegetation Health Index, VHI, Leaf Area Index, LAI, Enhanced Vegetation Index, EVI), and use it to analyze the drought in South Korea, and examines the applicability of ESI as a new indicator of agricultural drought monitoring.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.41-48
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• 2014

This study investigated the differences between emotional parameters BDI, VHI, STAI-X-I and STAI-X-II according to the menstrual cycles of the female and the relation between changes of the depression index and voice characteristics (jitter, shimmer, CPP, HNR, $pF0{\cdot}F1{\cdot}F2{\cdot}F3$, sF0, sF4, sB1, $H1_{c/u}$, $A1_u$, $A3_c$, $H1A3_{c/u}$, $H1A1_u$). Twenty three females ($30{\pm}4.4$ years old) living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province were participated in this study to answer the questionnaires and record their voice. The participants prolonged /a/ vowel for 5 seconds in a natural condition for their voice recording. Voice data were analyzed using the Matlab and Praat program. A t-test and a correlation analysis were conducted by using SPSS for the statistical analysis. The results are as follows. First, the BDI is significantly higher in group I (lurear phase contrast the menstrual period) and group II (follicular phase against the menstrual period) than group III (luteal phase for follicular phase) (p<.05). Second, shimmer, CPP, pF0 showed a statistically high correlation regarding the BDI in group I (lurear phase contrast the menstrual period). Voice parameters may be useful as supplement in evaluating the emotional change in the phase of menstrual cycle.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.95-107
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• 2012

As BTX-A, which has been known to be the most effective treatment for ADSD, is not effective in treating vocal tremors, voice assessment must be employed to perform differential diagnosis of SD and vocal tremor in an accurate fashion. In this study, the characteristics of vocal changes after botulinum toxin injection were compared by analyzing the voice characteristics resulting from the presence of vocal tremors using objective analysis devices, with the aim of helping to provide prognoses and to determine remedial effects in clinical cases comprising patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia accompanied by voice tremors. Respiratory function tests, aerodynamic analysis, electroglottography (EGG), acoustic analysis, auditory perception tests, and K-VHI had been conducted at intervals of four, eight, and twelve weeks before and after injection, targeting a group of 17 ADSD female patients (a ADSD group of four with vocal tremor and a ADSD group of 13 without voice tremor). For average FVC and FEV1, the T group showed statistically significant low averages compared with the NT group, whereas the T group showed statistically significant high average ATRI compared with the NT group. In addition, the T group showed a statistically significant Fatr, lower than that of the NT group. For the ADSD group of patients with voice tremor, their vocal tremor remained unchanged despite noticeable decrease in wringing voices. In other words, as the vocal tremor and wringing voices are two distinctive features, there is a need for the two features to be targeted separately for differential diagnosis.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.75-82
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• 2010

Many previous studies based on respiratory characteristics of Idiopathic Parkinson's Diseases (IPD) patients have not controlled related factors appropriately. Accordingly, these studies produced discordant results. Furthermore, there is currently a lack of studies that can provide precise explanations on the characteristics of respiration and phonation. This study included a total of 40 subjects: 20 mixed gender de novo IPD patients ranging in age from 50 to 80 (Hoehn & Yahr stage 1~3), and 20 normal subjects with similar matches for age and gender. All participants were controlled based on their gender, age, height, weight, vocal fold function, cognitive abilities, and depression factors. K-MMSE (Korean-Mini Mental State Examination), nVHI-10 (new Voice Handicap Index), and KGDS (Korean Form of Geriatric Depression Scale) were evaluated to select this study subjects. In order to compare respiratory functions between the two groups, FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC were measured using microQuark, a PC-based spirometer. CSL was used by measure MPT and PAS was used to measure MFR. To investigate the characteristics of phonation ability, CSL was used to measure jitter and shimmer, while PAS was used to measure Psub. In order to compare the respiratory function averages and phonation ability between the two groups, statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS (version 12.0). The results of this study showed that most de novo IPD patients were included in the normal average range of respiratory and phonatory ability. But the respiratory and phonatory ability of de novo IPD patients showed lower tendency as compared with the normal group. When the average of respiratory and phonatory ability among the gender was compared, the difference of males was greater than the difference of females.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.83-86
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• 2018

Background and Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate efficacy and complication of injection laryngoplasty using calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) for unilateral vocal fold paralysis in Asian. Materials and Methods : A prospective study was conducted on the adult patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis from May 2015 through January 2016. Injection laryngoplasty was performed by one laryngologist. All patients underwent prospective voice evaluation using the subjective and objective comprehensive battery of assessments, before the procedure and after the procedure at 3 months, and 6 months. Results : A total of 7 patients (5 males and 2 females) were included in this study. VHI-10 was significantly decreased after injection laryngoplasty, at postoperative 6 months (p=0.031), while VAS score and MDADI showed no difference. GRBAS scale gradually decreased in 3 months and 6 months follow-up without statistical significance. Acoustic analysis revealed that jitter, shimmer, and noise-to-harmonic ratio continuously decreased from the baseline at 3 months and 6 months, although statistical significance was not attained. In the aerodynamic analysis, maximal phonation time was gradually increased at 3months and 6 months with significant difference (p=0.016, 0.031, respectively). There was no side effect associated with the procedure. Conclusion : CaHA can be safely used in Asian patients and the onset of maximal efficacy seems to be slow than other studies with Caucasian patients.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.365-365
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• 2019

가뭄은 전 세계적으로 농업을 비롯한 사회, 경제적으로 큰 피해를 주는 자연 재해이며, 향후 피해 저감을 위해 가뭄의 경향을 파악하고 지역별 가뭄 특성을 파악할 필요가 있다. 위성영상을 활용한 가뭄 판단은 광역적 범위를 대상으로 다양한 밴드를 활용한 데이터를 주기적이고 일정한 수준으로 취득 가능하다는 장점이 있다. 농업 가뭄 분야의 위성영상 활용은 미계측 지역에 대한 정확한 데이터 취득이 어려운 지점데이터의 단점을 보완할 수 있다. 위성영상을 활용한 가뭄 지수로는 Leaf Area Index (LAI), Vegetation Health Index (VHI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) 등 다양한 지수들이 있으며, 본 연구에서는 단기 가뭄 판단에 활용되고 있는 Evaporative Stress Index (ESI)를 활용하였다. 국내 행정구역 기반의 가뭄 판단을 위해 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectramadiometer (MODIS)위성의 MOD16A2 영상을 사용하였다. MOD16A2는 land surface temperature (LST)과 LAI의 계산을 통한 실제 증발산량과 FAO-56 Penman-Monteith 공식을 사용한 잠재증발산량을 포함한 다양한 데이터를 8일 주기의 500m 해상도로 제공하고 있다. 2001년부터 2018년까지 500m 해상도의 ESI를 산정하였으며, 국내의 과거 가뭄 경향 분석과 지역별 특성 파악을 위한 표준화를 수행하였다. 그 결과 과거 극심한 가뭄이 있었던 해 (2000-2001년, 2015-2017년 등)에 대한 농업 가뭄 경향 분석이 가능하였으며, 지역별 특성을 파악한 결과 상습가뭄 지역에서 가뭄 경향을 확인하였다. 농업 가뭄 분야에서 ESI의 활용은 가뭄 조기 경보 시스템 개발 및 위성영상 기반 가뭄 모니터링 기술 개발 등에 활용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2016

Background and Objectives : After thyroidectomy, many patients experience problems report such things as reduced voice range and vocal fatigue, swallowing problems without superior and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate voice and swallowing problems before and after thyroid surgery without laryngeal nerve injury. Materials and Methods : Ninety-three patients who underwent thyroidectomy without laryngeal nerve injury and completed the follow-up evaluations were studied between June 2013 and December 2015. Each evaluation was performed preoperatively, as well as 1 week, 1 month postoperatively. Analysis was performed including voice handicap index (VHI), dysphagia handicap index (DHI), and acoustic voice analysis. Results : Patients show significant variation of parameters in the fundamental frequency (F), maximal phonation time (MPT), shimmer, jitter and soft phonation index (SPI) early after operation, and most of them showed recovery of parameters after 1month of operation. Perceptive complaint of voice and swallowing also showed significant decreased after operation (p<0.005). After 1month of operation, MPT, highest frequency and frequency ranges still showed significant decreased parameters. Comparing acoustic and perceptive parameters of total thyroidectomy and lobectomy, there was no significant changes between them except highest frequency (p=0.042). Conclusion : The results from both subjective and objective evaluations show voice and swallowing disturbance after thyroidectomy even in the absence of laryngeal nerve and provide patients information about the recovery process after surgery. Highest frequency parameter showed most significant changes after operation.