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Development of Energy Harvesting Hybrid system consisted of Electrochromic Device and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell using Nano Particle Deposition System (나노 입자 적층 시스템(NPDS)을 이용한 염료 감응 태양전지 - 전기 변색 통합 소자 및 에너지 하베스팅 시스템에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Kwangmin;Kim, Hyungsub;Choi, Dahyun;Lee, Minji;Park, Yunchan;Chu, Wonshik;Chun, Dooman;Lee, Caroline Sunyong
    • Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.65-71
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    • 2016
  • In this study, Antimony Tin Oxide (ATO) ion storage layer and $TiO_2$ working electrode were fabricated using Nano Particle Deposition System. NPDS is the cutting-edge technology among the dry deposition methods. Accelerated particles are deposited on the substrate through the nozzle using NPDS. The thicknesses for coated layers were measured and layer's morphology was acquired using SEM. The fabricated electrochromic cell's transmittance was measured using UV-Visible spectrometer and power source at 630 nm. As a result, the integrated electrochromic/DSSC hybrid system was successfully fabricated as an energy harvesting system. The fabricated electrochromic cell was self-operated using DSSC as a power source. In conclusion, the electrochromic cell was operated for 500 cycles, with 49% of maximum transmittance change. Also the photovoltaic efficiency for DSSC was measured to be 2.55% while the electrochromic cell on the integrated system had resulted in 26% of maximum transmittance change.

Effect of Hormone Treatments during Maturation on Calcium Response and In Vitro Development of Bovine Embryos (체외성숙 동안에 호르몬 처리에 따른 Calcium 반응과 체외발달에 미치는 영향)

  • 공일근;이은봉
    • Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.303-310
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    • 1997
  • 소 난포란의 체외성숙시 성숙배지에 FSH 및 LH의 첨가가 체외성숙난자의 calcium 반응과 체외수정란의 발달에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 난포란의 체외성숙은 TCM199을 기초로 한 4가지의 배양조건 하에서 : 1) 0.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml FSH+5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml LH, 2) 0.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml FSH, 3) 5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml LH 및 4) 무 호르몬 첨가구로서 5% CO2에 24시간 동안 체외성숙을 유도하였다. 체외성숙 24기간째에 난포란의 과립막세포는 1ml PB1+에서 4분 동안 vortexing을 하여 완전히 제거하였다. 세포 내 calcium 반응을 측정하기 위하여 2mM Fura-2 AM ester 및 0.02% Pluronic F-127가 첨가된 PB1-용액에 39$^{\circ}C$ in cubator에서 40분 동안 배양하였다. 30${\mu}\ell$ M2 medium drop을 30mm plastic dish에 만들어 20$\times$ 형광대물렌즈가 장착된 Nikon Diaphot 현미경의 장착된 Nikon Diaphot 현미경의 warm stage에 설치하였다. 세포 내 calcium 방출을 자극하기 위하여 난자에 25mM inositol 1, 4, 5-trasphophate(IP3)로 1.21kV/cm의 전기자극 또는 20mM ryanodine으로 미세주입을 실시하였다. 이러한 처리를 하지 않은 난자는 체외수정 후 CR1aa와 BRL monolayers의 공배양조건 하에서 체외발달을 유도하였다. 분할율(Day 2)과 배반포기발달율(Day 9)을 조사하였다. FSH와 LH의 처리구에서 IP3 또는 ryanodine으로 자극된 난자(1.79$\pm$0.05, 1.66$\pm$0.06)는 FSH, LH 및 무 호르몬처리구에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 calcium 반응을 보였다(1.00$\pm$0.03, 1.28$\pm$0.04, and 0.53$\pm$0.02 in IP3 elctroporation; 0.68$\pm$0.05, 1.03$\pm$0.05, and 0.47$\pm$0.04 in ryanodine microinjection). FSH와 LH, FSH, LH처리구에서 분할율(87.9, 71.5 및 75.6%)은 무 호르몬처리구(60.7%)(P<0.05)에 비하여 유의적으로 높았으며, FSH와 LH처리구(29.3%)에서의 배반포기 발달율은 FSH, LH 처리구뿐만 아니라 무 호르몬처리구보다 유의적으로 높았다(16.5, 19.0 and 9.8%)(P<0.05). Bovine FSH 및 Ovine FSH의 처리구에서의 calcium 반응은 유의적인 차이가 없었다(1.72$\pm$0.05, 1.61$\pm$0.06). 또한 분할율(82.2 and 84.0%) 및 배반포기(27.8 and 27.1%) 발달율도 bovine 및 ovine FSH처리구간에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과에서 전기자극에 의한 세포 내 calcium 반응은 체외성숙배지에 첨가하는 호르몬의 처리에 따라서 유의적인 변화를 보였다. 비록 분할율은 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었지만 배반포기 발달율은 FSH와 LH 공동처리구에서 FSH, LH 단독처리구 및 무 호르몬처리구에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 발달율을 보였다. 체외성숙기간에 FSH와 LH의 공동첨가는 체외성숙 및 체외발달의 생리적인 교정을 위하여 요구되는 것으로 사려된다.

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Surface treatment of polysaccharide by flexible active species generator (플렉서블 활성종 발생기를 이용한 다당류 표면처리)

  • Lee, Yu-Ri;Lee, Seung-Hun;Kim, Do-Geun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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    • 2018.06a
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    • pp.39-39
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    • 2018
  • 최근 플라즈마 의학이 발달하면서 제트, 펜, 니들, 토치 등의 다양한 형태의 플라즈마 발생기가 개발되었으며 내부의 가스라인으로 가스의 종류, 유속, 조성 등을 조절하여 생물학적 효과를 극대화 할 수 있고 안정적으로 플라즈마 방전상태를 유지할 수 있으나 처리 면적이 좁아 실제 생물학적 시스템 (세포, 조직, 그리고 박테리아) 적용에 있어 한계점이 존재한다. 이러한 한계점을 극복하기 위해서 유전체격벽방전 (Dielectric barrier discharge, DBD) 방식을 이용한 플렉서블 활성종 발생기를 제작하고 생물학적 시스템에 적용하기 위한 방전 특성 평가를 진행하였으며, 간단한 in vitro 모델인 한천 젤을 이용하여 플라즈마 처리에 따른 전달물질의 침투거리를 확인하였다. 플라즈마 방전 시 생성되는 수산화기 [OH], 과산화수소 [$H_2O_2$], 초산소음이온 [$O_2{^-}$], 오존 [$O_3$], 그리고 산화질소 [$NO_x$]와 같은 산소 및 질소 활성종 (Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, RONS)은 세포벽 또는 세포막의 주요 구성성분인 다당류와 인지질의 과산화 반응을 통해 구조를 변화시키고 생물학적 시스템의 표면의 pH를 낮춘다. 이러한 RONS의 작용은 살균, 소독 뿐만 아니라 약물의 침투를 돕는다. 일반적으로 한천 겔은 농도에 따라 생체 내 뇌 조직과 물리적 특성이 유사하고, 미생물학 기질, 방사선학 연구를 위한 조직모델로 사용되기 때문에 본 연구에서는 3%와 5% 농도의 한천 젤을 사용하여 침투거리를 확인하였다. 한천 젤은 $2.5{\times}2.5{\times}2.5cm^3$의 크기로 준비되었고 대조군으로 염료가 포함된 에멀젼을 0.01 g 도포하고, 실온에서 30분간 보존 후 단면을 잘라 현미경으로 침투거리를 확인하였으며, 실험군으로 플라즈마 전처리 후 에멀젼을 도포한 시표와 에멀젼 도포 후 플라즈마 처리한 시료에 대해 에멀젼 침투거리의 변화를 확인하였다. 본 연구의 플렉서블 활성종 발생기는 인체에 부착하여 사용되기 때문에 화상, 홍반을 유발을 방지하기위해 $40^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 실험을 진행하였고 이때에 플라즈마 방전조건은 $0.065W/cm^2$ 수준의 전력을 소모하는 1.7 kV의 전압, 16 kHz의 주파수로 10분간 처리하였다. 그 결과 3%의 한천 젤의 경우 침투거리 0.779 mm에서 0.826 mm, 0.942 mm까지 침투거리가 증가하였고 5%의 한천 젤의 경우 0.859 mm, 0.949 mm로 증가하였다. 이러한 침투거리 증가는 젤 표면의 다당류를 구성하고 있는 단량체가 플라즈마 처리시 화확적 구조가 끊어져 결론적으로 약물 침투가 증가된 것으로 판단된다.

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growth of Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) Thin Film by Solution Growth Technique and Study of Quantum Size Effects (용액성장법에 의한 Cadmium Sulfide(CdS) 박막 성장 및 양자 사이즈 효과에 관한 연구)

  • 임상철
    • Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 1997
  • 본 연구에서는 용액성장법에 의해 양자 입자로 구성된 CdS 박막을 슬라이드 유리기 판위에 성장시키고 이들의 구조적 광학적 특성에 대하여 연구하였고 이들 결과를 토대로 용 액성장법으로 성장된 CdS 박막의 양자 사이즈 효과에 대하여 연구하였다. 성장시간은 1, 3, 10, 20분이었고 성장온도는 75$^{\circ}C$였다. X-선 회절 분석결과 본 연구에서 합성된 CdS 박막은 hexagonal상의 결정구조를 갖는 것으로 나타났고 성장시간에 따라 막의 투께는 61~195nm, 입자사이즈는 8.5~22.5nm로 나타났다. 광에너지 변화에 따른 투과도 측정결과 본 연구의 CdS 시료는 성장시간에 따라 에너지 밴드갭이 2.43~2.51 eV로 나타나서 벌크 CdS의 에너 지 밴드갭인 2.42 ev보다 높은 에너지 밴드갭을 갖게 되어 양자 사이즈 효과에 의한 blue shift 현상이 용액성장법에 의해 합성된 CdS 시료에도 존재한다는 것이 밝혀졌다 그리고 이 같은 용액성장법으로 성장된 CdS에 대해 최초로 수행된 Raman 산란 실험결과 이성장방법 으로 성장된 CdS에는 1TO, E2, 1LO 포논 모드가 존재함을 알수 있었고 또한 입자 사이즈 감소에 의한 1LO포논 모드의저주파수 shift 현상 즉 포논 모드의 softening 현상이 있음이 밝혀졌고 softening은 최대6.2%까지 발생하였다. 이와같은 높은 softening은 본연구의 CdS 박막 내 양자 입자의 입도가 작은것에 기인하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 본 CdS 시료의 양 자 사이즈 효과의 결과로 1TO 포논도 나타났는데 이 1TO 포논과 E2 포논의 Raman shift 는 성장시간 즉 막의 두께와는 무관한 것으로 나타났다.행렬모형(二重比例行列模型)을 이용하여, 산업구조의 변화로 인한 직업별 인력수요 변화가 충분히 고려되도록 하였다. 전망의 결과에 따르면 향후 우리 경제는 지식기반경제(knowledge-based economy)로 이행하고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 우선 산업구조면에서 지식집약적산업으로의 구조조정이 일어나게 되고 이에 따라 산업별 취업구조에서도 고기술산업의 취업준비중이 급속히 증가하게 된다. 직업별 취업분포에 있어서도 전문기술직 행정관리직 등의 고숙련 사무직의 비중은 크게 증가하는 반면 생산관련직과 농림어업직의 비중은 감소하게 된다. 이처럼 경제가 지식집약화되어 감에 따라 고학력자에 대한 수요는 지속적으로 증가하지만 현재 적절한 인력양성과 공급이 이루어지지 않고 있어 향후 기술이나 기능에 따른 수급부일정(需給不一政)(skill mismatch)현상이 매우 심해질 것으로 보인다. 따라서 앞으로의 인력정책에서 가장 주안점을 두어야 할 부분은 첨단기술산업과 관련된 인력의 양성에 있다고 하겠다.2시간까지 LPDG용액은 MEC용액보다 비교적 나은 회복을 보였고 재관류 3일과 7일의 폐기능 평가에서 두 용액 모두에서 폐기능의 점차적 소실을 보였으며 이는 병리조직검사에서 보듯이 폐혐에 의한 외적인 요소라고 생각되며 따라서 LPDG용액은 허혈재관류손상 방지 및 급성폐렴 등 염증을 잘 관리한다면 20시간 이상 LPDG용액의 안전한 폐보존의 가능성 을 얻을 수 있었다.ic 형태로 외래유전자가 발현되었지만 대조구에서 87.0% (26/30개) 배반포기가 $\beta$-Gal 활력을 보인 반면, G418 처리구에서는 모든 배반포기가 $\beta$-Gal 활력을 보였다 (P<0.05). 그러나 대조구 및 G418 처리구의 ICM

Effects on the Magnetic Property Changes due to the defect in the Nuclear Reactor Vessel Material Irradiated by Fast Neutron (고속 중성자 조사에 의한 원자로 용기재료내의 결함생성이 자기적 특성변화에 미치는 영향)

  • Jeong, Myeong-Mo;Kim, Gil-Su;Jang, Gi-Sang;Yu, Geun-Bae;Park, Deok-Geun;Kim, Gil-Mu;Yun, In-Seop;Hong, Chi-Yu
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.9 no.12
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    • pp.1240-1244
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    • 1999
  • In order to assess the effects on the magnetic properties due to the defect in the material irradiated by fast neutron ranging $10^0-10^{18}n/cm^2$, the magnetic properties such as maximum magnetic induction, coercivity, remanence, Barkhausen Noise Amplitude(BNA), Barkhausen Noise Energy(BNE) and hardness were measured. It is shown that the magnetic properties and hardness do not change by the fast neutron irradiation under $10^{17}n/cm^2$. Therefore, in this experiment, it is understood that the magnetic properties decrease by the increase of hardness. This measurement method can be used to evaluate the neutron irradiation embrittlement nondestructively since the magnetic properties and hardness do change by the neutron irradiation over $10^{17}n/cm^2$ consistently.

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Inhibitory Effects of ${\gamma}$-Aminobutyric Acid on the Contractility of Isolated Rat Vas Deferens (흰쥐의 적출 정관 수축성에 대한 ${\gamma}$-Aminobutyric Acid의 억제작용)

  • Ahn, Ki-Young;Kwon, Oh-Cheol;Ha, Jeoung-Hee;Lee, Kwang-Youn;Kim, Won-Joon
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.382-395
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    • 1992
  • GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in central nervous system and produce sedative, antianxiety and muscle reaxing effects via $GABA_A$ receptor or $GABA_B$ receptor. Recently it is known that GABA is widely distributed throughout peripheral organs and may playa physiological role in certain organ. The vas deferens is innervated by species-difference. These study, therefore, was performed to investigate the mode and the mechanism of action of GABA on the norepiniphrine-, ATP- and electric stimulation-induced contraction of vas deferens of rat. Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The smooth muscle strips were isolated from the prostastic portion and were mounted in the isolated muscle bath. PSS in the bath was aerated with 95/5%-$O_2/CO_2$ at $33^{\circ}C$. Muscle tensions were measured by isometric tension transducer and were recorded by biological recording system. 1. GABA, muscimol, a $GAB_A$ agonist, and baclofen, a $GABA_B$ agonist inhibited the electric field stimulation(EFS, 0.2Hz, 1mSec, 80 V, monophasic square wave)-induced contraction with a rank order of potency of GABA greater than baclofen greater than muscimol. 2. The inhibitory effect of GABA was antagonized by delta aminovaleric acid(DAVA), a $GABA_B$ antagonist, but not by bicuculline, a $GABA_A$ mtagonist. 3. The inhibitory effect of baclofen was antagonized by DAVA, but the effect of muscimol was not antagonized by bicuculline. 4. Exogenous norepinephrine(NE) and ATP contracted muscle strip concentration dependently, but the effect of acetylcholine was negligible : and GABA did not affect the NE-and ATP-induced contractions. 5. GABA, baclofen and muscimol did not affect basal tone, and GABA did not affect the NE-and ATP-induced contractionsm 6. EFS-induced contraction was including 2 distinctable components. The first phasic component was inhibited by beta gamma-methylene ATP(mATP), a desensitizing agent of APT receptor and the second tonic component was reduced by pretreatment of reserpine(3 mg/Kg, IP). 7. GABA inhibited the EFS-induced contraction of reserpinized strips, but not the mATP-treated strips. These results suggest that in the prostatic portion of the rat vas deferens, adrenergic and purinergic neurotransmissions are exist, and GABA inhibits the release of ATP via presynaptic $GABA_B$ receptor on the excitatory neurons.

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Changes of Chemical and Microbiological Quality of Home-delivered meals for elderly as affected by Packaging methods and Storage conditions 2 (노인을 위한 가정배달급식의 포장방법 및 저장조건에 따른 이화학적ㆍ미생물학적 품질 변화 2)

  • 김혜영;류시현
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.241-253
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    • 2003
  • Changes in chemical, microbiological quality of pan fried oak mushroom and meat, soy sauce glazed hair tail and roasted dodok in wrap packaging, top sealing, vacuum packaging were evaluated during storage 25$^{\circ}C$, 4$^{\circ}C$, -18$^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. The results were as follows: 1) The cases of chilled and frozen storage, there were small increases in the pH from the first day, with no differences between the different packaging methods, with the exception of the vacuum packaging, which was lower. The pH and Aw of the roasted dodok were lower than those of the other foods. The Aw for all three foods at room temperature significantly decreased in the wrap packaging and top sealing on day one, but the rate of reduction was lower when in chilled storage. The VBN increased with increasing length of storage, and temperatures, but the rate of increase was lower in the top sealing and vacuum packaging. The VBN of roasted dodok was considerably lower than with the other foods. The POV increased significantly on the first day or room temperature storage and the rate or increase was low in chilled End frozen storages, and in the vacuum packaging. 2) SPC of the roasted dodok at room temperature increased significantly within five days of storage. but was inhibited within five days in the vacuum packaging with chilled storage. The SPC of the soy sauce glazed hair tail was low in the top sealing and vacuum packaging when in chilled storage. The coliform of the pan fried oak mushroom and meat. on the fifth day of room temperature storage, was close to hazardous conditions for the wrap packaging. From the third day of chilled storage, few coliform were detected in the pan fried oak mushroom and meat, or the soy sauce glazed hair tail, but not in the vacuum packaging, within five days, for all three foods in frozen storage. The S. spp. had exceeded the standard in the wrap packaging and top sealing with the pan fried oak mushroom and meat on the third day at room temperature, but was not detected in the vacuum packaging within five days, and exceeded the standard in the wrap packaging on the fifth day of chilled storage. S. spp. was not detected in the soy sauce glazed hair tail within five days at all storage temperatures. S. spp. was not detected in the roasted dodok within five days of chilled and frozen storage, but was detected from the third day in the wrap packaging. and the fifth in the top sealing, at room temperature, which exceeded the standard. Sal. spp., V parahaemolyticus, E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes were not detected. 3) The Aw was found to be influenced by storage temperature, period and packaging method, while the VBN was significantly influenced by the storage temperature and period. Regarding the SPC, the pan fried oak mushroom and meat was affected by the storage temperature and period, while the soy sauce glazed hair tail was influenced by the packaging method and storage period. The roasted dodok's microbiological quality was influenced by the method of packaging. The chemical, microbiological quality of home-delivered meals were preserved to be five days in the vacuum packaging, at. chilled and frozen storage.

Characteristics of Methanol Production Derived from Methane Oxidation by Inhibiting Methanol Dehydrogenase (메탄올탈수소효소 저해시 메탄산화에 의한 메탄올 전환생성 특성)

  • Yoo, Yeon-Sun;Han, Ji-Sun;Ahn, Chang-Min;Min, Dong-Hee;Mo, Woo-Jong;Yoon, Soon-Uk;Lee, Jong-Gyu;Lee, Jong-Yeon;Kim, Chang-Gyun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.33 no.9
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    • pp.662-669
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    • 2011
  • This study was conducted to biologically convert methane into methanol. Methane contained in biogas was bio-catalytically oxidized by methane monooxygenase (MMO) of methanotrophs, while methanol conversion was observed by inhibiting methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) using MDH activity inhibitors such as phosphate, NaCl, $NH_4Cl$, and EDTA. The degree of methane oxidation by methanotrophs was the most highly accomplished as 0.56 mmol for the condition at $35^{\circ}C$ and pH 7 under 0.4 (v/v%) of biogas ($CH_4$ 50%, $CO_2$ 50%) / Air ratio. By the inhibition of 40 mM of phosphate, 50 mM of NaCl, 40 mM of $NH_4Cl$ and $150{\mu}m$ of EDTA, methane oxidation rate could achieve more than 80% regardless of type of inhibitors. In the meantime, addition of 40 mM of phosphate, 100 mM of NaCl, 40 mM of $NH_4Cl$ and $50{\mu}m$ of EDTA each led to generating the highest amount of methanol, i.e, 0.71, 0.60, 0.66, and 0.66 mmol when 1.3, 0.67, 0.74, and 1.3 mmol of methane was each concurrently consumed. At that time, methanol conversion rate was 54.7, 89.9, 89.6, and 47.8% respectively, and maximum methanol production rate was $7.4{\mu}mol/mg{\cdot}h$. From this, it was decided that the methanol production could be maximized as 89.9% when MDH activity was specifically inhibited into the typical level of 35% for the inhibitor of concern.

Comparison of Human Sodium/Iodide Symporter (hNIS) Gene Expressions between Lentiviral and Adenoviral Vectors in Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells (렌티바이러스와 아데노바이러스를 통하여 쥐의 중간엽줄기세포에 사람 나트륨/옥소 공동수송체 유전자를 전달하였을 때의 발현성능 비교)

  • Park, So-Yeon;Kim, Sung-Jin;Lee, Won-Woo;Lee, Heui-Ran;Kim, Hyun-Joo;Chung, June-Key;Kim, Sang-Eun
    • Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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    • v.42 no.5
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    • pp.394-400
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    • 2008
  • Purpose: Quantitative comparison of transgene expression within stem cells between lentivirus and adenovirus-mediated delivery systems has not been reported. Here, we evaluated the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) gene expression in rat mesenchymal stem cell (rMSC) transduced by lentivirus or adenovirus, and compared the hNIS expression quantitatively between the two delivery systems. Materials and Methods: Lentiviral-mediated hNIS expressing rMSC (lenti-hNIS-rMSC) was constructed by cloning hNIS gene into pLenti6/UbC/V5-DEST (Invitrogen) to obtain pLenti-hNIS, transducing rMSC with the pLenti-hNIS, and selecting with blasticidin for 3 weeks. Recombinant adenovirus expressing hNIS gene (Rad-hNIS) was produced by homologous recombination and transduction efficiency of Rad-hNIS into rMSC evaluated by Rad-GFP was $19.1{\pm}4.7%$, $54.0{\pm}6.4%$, $85.7{\pm}8.7%$, and $98.4{\pm}1.3%$ at MOI 1, 5, 20, and 100, respectively. The hNIS expressions in lenti-hNIS-rMSC or adeno-hNIS-rMSC were assessed by immunocytochemistry, western blot, and 1-125 uptake. Results: Immunocytochemistry and western blot analyses revealed that hNIS expressions in lenti-hNIS-rMSC were greater than those in adeno-hNIS-rMSC at MOI 20 but lower than at MOI 50. However in vitro 1-125 uptake test demonstrated that iodide uptake in lenti-hNIS-rMSC ($29,704{\pm}6,659\; picomole/10^6\;cells$) was greater than that in adeno-hNIS-rMSC at MOI 100 ($6,168{\pm}2,134\;picomole/10^6\;cells$). Conclusion: Despite lower amount of expressed protein, hNIS function in rMSC was greater by lentivirus than by adenovirus mediated expression. Stem cell tracking using hNIS as a reporter gene should be conducted in consideration of relative vector efficiency for transgene expression.

Characterization of typical Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from Sea-Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) (해수에 순치된 첨연어(Oncorhynchus keta)에서 분리된 정형 에로모나스 살모니시다(Aeromonas salmonicida)에 대한 특성 분석)

  • Jongwon Lim;Sungjae Ko;Youngjun Park;Do-il Ahn;Suhee Hong
    • Journal of fish pathology
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.263-275
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    • 2023
  • Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) is a species which returns to Korea for spawning and was produced as seed production at the Fisheries Resources Agency located in Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do to preserve the species. However, farmed chum salmon showed symptoms of bacterial infection. Therefore, in this study, bacteria were isolated to identify the causative agent from chum salmon in October 2021. The isolated bacteria were identified based on the sequences of 16S rDNA, rpoD (RNA polymerase sigma factor σ70), and vapA (A-layer) genes. Also, salinity-growth curve, biochemical characterization, antibiotic susceptibility test, and pathogenicity analysis were performed in four strains. As a result, four isolated strains were identified as Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. Additionally, the bacterial strains showed a decrease in growth as the salt concentration increased in the medium. All of the isolated strains exhibited γ-hemolysis, and the same biochemical properties. In the antimicrobial susceptibility test, all strains showed an inhibition zone of 40 to 44 mm for oxolinic acid, flumequine, and florfenicol. Pathogenic factors were assessed by RT-PCR at the mRNA level, and found that the four strains expresses the outer membrane ring of T3SS (ascV), inner membrane ring of T3SS (ascC), vapA, enterotoxin (act), and lipase (lip) genes which are well known to significantly contribute to the pathogenicity of A. salmonicida. The results of this study can be used as basic data to prevent A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida occurring in sea-chum salmon in the future.