• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2005

심바스타틴은 cholesterol 생합성 과정에서 속도 조절 효소인 HMG-CoA reductase의 강력한 상경적 길항약으로서 고지혈증 치료에 널리 쓰이는 약물이다. 심바스타틴 제제인 MSD 사의 조코 20 mg정을 대조약으로 하여 시험약인 유영 제약의 엘바스타 20mg정의 생물학적 동등성 평가를 하기 위해 22명의 건강한 지원자를 모집하였다. 지원자를 두 군으로 나누어 2정씩 투여하였고 $2{\times}2$ 교차시험을 실시하였다. 심바스타틴의 혈장 중의 농도를 정량하기 위하여 발리데이션된 LC/MS/MS를 사용하였다. 채혈 시간은 투약 전 및 투약 후 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 시간에 걸쳐 총 12시점에 걸쳐 시행하였다. 생물학적 동등성을 판정하기 위한 파라미터로 12시간까지의 혈장 중 농도곡선 하 면적 ($AUC_{12hr}$)과 최고 혈중 농도($C_{max}$)를 사용하였다. 12시간 까지의 혈중 농도 곡선 하 면적의 기하 평균은 $17.30ng{\cdot}ml/hr$(시험약)과 $17.35ng{\cdot}ml/hr$(대조약)으로 나타났다. 최고 혈중 농도의 경우 각 각 5.08 ng/ml(시험약)과 5.20 ng/ml(대조약)으로 관찰 되었다. $AUC_{12hr}$의 경우 로그변환한 평균치 차의 $90{\%}$ 신뢰구간이 log0.8510 - log1.1694이었고, $C_{max}$의 경우 log0.8176 - log1.1649로 계산되어 두 항목 모두 log0.8-log1.25이어야 한다는 식품의약품 안전청과 FDA의 기준을 모두 만족시켰다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 시험약 엘바스타 정 20mg은 대조약 조코정 20 mg에 대하여 생물학적 동등한 것으로 판정되었다.트리머 전기비저항 탐사를 수행하였다. 이를 통해 하저에 케이블을 설치하는 방식에 비해 매우 신속하고 경제적으로 하저에 분포하는 이상대의 분포범위와 발달방향을 규명할 수 있었다.대에 대해 가장 효과적이다. 모델과 현장 적용 결과들을 통해 GRM SSM 방법을 이용하여 불규칙한 굴절면을 가진 지층들에 대해 좀 더 신뢰할 수 있는 정밀한 탄성파 속도를 산출할 수 있음을 보여주고 있다.별한 주의를 기울여야 한다.EX>$\alpha/\beta$=10인 경우 $62.0\~121.9\;Gy_{10}$ (중앙값: $93.0\;Gy_{10}$)의 분포를, ${\alpha/\beta}=3$인 경우 $93.6\~187.3\;Gy_3$ (중앙값=$137.6\;Gy_3$ )의 분포를 보였다. MD-BED $Gy_3$는 직장합병증 발생과의 관계는 통계적으로 유의하였고, 방광합병증과는 유의하지 않았다. 직장합병증과의 연관성은 MD-BED $Gy_3$보다 개별 환자의 직장전벽 총 선량 BED값인 R-BED $Gy_3$가 훨씬 더 높았다. 요도카테터 풍선의 후방지점이 대변하는 방광의 총 선량 BED값인 V-BED $Gy_3$도 방광합병증과 경향성 테스트에서 통계적 유의성을 보였다. 하지만, 어떠한 방사선선량도 골반제어율과 의미 있는 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 본 기관에서 주치의의 선호도에 따라 강내근접치료가 외부방사선치료의 중간에 시행되는 형태인 샌드위치기법과 외부방사선치료 후반부에 시행되는 순차적 기법으로 구분하였을 때, 두 방식간 치료성적 및 합병증의 차이는 없었다. 총 치료기간에 대한 분석에서는 치료기간이 길어질수록 재발 위험이 커지는 경향을 보였으나, 나이 및 병기, 종양의 크기, MD-BED $Gy_{10}$

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.397-406
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• 1998

Hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) is very valuable as a natural preservative in food processing due to its selective bactericidal activity. HEWL which traditionally isolated by crystallization or freeze drying was simply separated from 13 different hen egg white (HEW) proteins by a single-step ultrafiltration. Freeze dried HEW (0.25%, w/v) dissolved in a citrate-phosphate buffer (pH 4.6) was ultrafiltered with a PM30 membrane under various operating conditions, by changing concentration, temperature, transmembrane pressure $({\triangle}P_T)$, and stirring speed. Optimum separation conditions were decided when maximal flux was obtained. Under the optimum separation conditions, the effect of membrane material and fouling on flux as time passed as well as lysozyme concentration, protein concentration, specific activity (SA) in the permeate were measured. Best separation conditions of HEWL with PM30 membrane were sample concentration 0.25%, temperature $35^{\circ}C$, ${\Delta}P_T\;30\;psi$, and stirring speed 300 rpm. During the first 12 min, the flux of YM30 was higher, but at the steady-state it was lower than that of PM30. The SA of the PM30 permeate was over 2 times higher in spite of the lysozyme and protein concentration being lower than that of YM30 permeate. The flux of 5 times used PM30 decreased 30% compared to a new PM30, but both had the same tendency in flux decrease when time passed. Both of them reached a steady-state after 35 min and remained at 70% of the initial flux. In the PM30 permeate, the lysozyme concentration and SA were 110 units/mL and 2,821 units/mg protein, respectively. Therefore, PM30 membrane separation was very effective for separation of antimicrobial lysozyme.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.23
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• pp.10513-10524
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• 2015

Background: Metastasis is a major reason for poor prognosis in patients with cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A salient feature is the ability of cancer cells to colonize different organs. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in numerous cellular processes, including metastasis. Materials and Methods: In this study, the lncRNA expression profiles of two HCC cell lines, one with high potential for metastasis to the lung (HCCLM3) and the other to lymph nodes (HCCLYM-H2) were assessed using the Arraystar Human LncRNA Array v2.0, which contains 33,045 lncRNAs and 30,215 mRNAs. Coding-non-coding gene co-expression (CNC) networks were constructed and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify lncRNAs with potential functions in organ-specific metastasis. Levels of two representative lncRNAs and one representative mRNA, RP5-1014O16.1, lincRNA-TSPAN8 and TSPAN8, were further detected in HCC cell lines with differing metastasis potential by qRT-PCR. Results: Using microarray data, we identified 1,482 lncRNAs and 1,629 mRNAs that were differentially expressed (${\geq}1.5$ fold-change) between the two HCC cell lines. The most upregulated lncRNAs in H2 were RP11-672F9.1, RP5-1014O16.1, and RP11-501G6.1, while the most downregulated ones were lincRNA-TSPAN8, lincRNA-CALCA, C14orf132, NCRNA00173, and CR613944. The most upregulated mRNAs in H2 were C15orf48, PSG2, and PSG8, while the most downregulated ones were CALCB, CD81, CD24, TSPAN8, and SOST. Among them, lincRNA-TSPAN8 and TSPAN8 were found highly expressed in high lung metastatic potential HCC cells, while lowly expressed in no or low lung metastatic potential HCC cells. RP5-1014O16.1 was highly expressed in high lymphatic metastatic potential HCC cell lines, while lowly expressed in no lymphatic metastatic potential HCC cell lines. Conclusions: We provide the first detailed description of lncRNA expression profiles related to organ-specific metastasis in HCC. We demonstrated that a large number of lncRNAs may play important roles in driving HCC cells to metastasize to different sites; these lncRNAs may provide novel molecular biomarkers and offer a new basis for combating metastasis in HCC cases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.851-856
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• 2003

We have investigated the material and electrical properties of $Bi_{4-x}La_xTi_3O_{12}$ (BLT) ferroelectric thin film for ferroelectric nonvolatile memory applications of capacitor type and single transistor type. The 120nm thick BLT films were deposited on $Pt/Ti/SiO_2/Si$ and $SiO_2/Nitride/SiO_2$ (ONO) substrates by the sol-gel spin coating method and were annealed at $700^{\circ}C$. It was observed that the crystallographic orientation of BLT thin films were strongly affected by the excess Bi content and the intermediate rapid thermal annealing (RTA) treatment conditions regardeless of two type substrates. However, the surface microstructure and roughness of BLT films showed dependence of two different type substrates with orientation of (111) plane and amorphous phase. As increase excess Bi content, the crystallographic orientation of the BLT films varied drastically in BLT films and exhibited well-crystallized phase. Also, the conversion of crystallographic orientation at intermediate RTA temperature of above $450^{\circ}C$ started to be observed in BLT thin films with above excess 6.5% Bi content and the rms roughness of films is decreased. We found that the electrical properties of BLT films such as the P-V hysteresis loop and leakage current were effectively modulated by the crystallographic orientations change of thin films.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2007

Sphingomonas sp. KS 301, which was isolated from oil contaminated soil, was shown to have five different SODs (SODI, II, III, IV, V) which can be separated by DEAE-Sepharose chromatography, and SOD III was finally purified in this study by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose chromatography, Superose 12 gel filtration and Uno-Q1 ion exchange chromatography. The molecular weight of SOD III was 23 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE and the apparent molecular weight of the native enzyme was estimated to be approximately 71 kDa by Superose-12 gel filtration chromatography. These data suggest that the purified SOD consists of at least two subunits. The specific activity of the SOD III was higher than Mn type or Fe type SOD of Escherichia coli by 5 fold. To determine the type of SOD III, inhibitory effects of $NaN_{3},\;H_{2}O_{2},\;KCN$ were examined. 10 mM $NaN_{3}$ was able to inhibit 56% of the SOD III activity, which indicates that this SOD is Mn type. The optimum pH of the SOD III was 7.0 and the optimum temperature was $20^{\circ}C$. N-terminal amino acid sequence of purified SOD III was most similar to those of Psudomonase ovalis and Vibrio cholerae among bacteria.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 1995

In order to investigate the effects of Ganoderma lucidum on the fermentation of media by Kluyveromyces fragilis KCCM 35458, with 0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0% (w/v) of Ganoderma lucidum extract were added to skin milk and fermented in the suspension culture at $30^{\circ}C$ for 72 hours. The pH, acidity, $CO_2$ evolution, alcohol production, number of yeast cells and lactose content were investigated. The results are summarized as follows; 1. As fermentation time advanced by the pH was decreased and the acidity was increased in the media of 1.0% Gnaoderma lucidum extract as fermentation time advanced. 2. $CO_2$ evolution was increased in the all of Genoderma lucidum extract and significantly effect showed in 1.0% extract medium. 3. During 72 hours culturing, alcohol was detected in all Gandoderma lucidum extract media, 1.0% Ganoderma lucidum extract medium showed extremly high in alcohol and shortened fermentation time. 4. The number of yeast was increased more at logarithmic phase and the growth of yeast was more rapid in all Ganoderma lucidum extract especially 0.5%, 1.0% media samples than control. 5. As fermentation time goes by, the lactose content of media were decreased more rapidly in 1.0% Ganoderma lucidum extract medium than control.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 1997

Mrthylov~orits sp. starin SSl, a restricted facultative methylotrophic bacterium. growing on methanol was found to produce small amount of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) under the optimal growth conditions, while it produced large amount of the polysaccharide under nitrogen limihtion. The optimal ratio of carbon to nitrogen for EPS production were found to be 5.2. The optimal temperature and pH for EPS production were 30^{\circ}C.$ and 6.5, spectively. The EPS consisted of carbohydrate, protein and small amount pyruvic acid. The reducing sugars in the EPS consisted mainly of glucose and a small amount of mannose. The EP!; treated with ethanol (EPSae) was found to have several properties different from those of the EPS which was not treated with ethanol (EPSbe); the EPSae contained no pyruvic acid. It also contained less protein and showed much lower viscosity than the EPSbe. The viscosity of EPSbe was very sensitive to NaCl and decreased t;harply upon exposure of the polysaccharide to even 0.5% (wiv) NaCl solution. The viscosity, however, was increased irreversibly upon exposure of the saccharide to high temperature. The molecular weight of EPS was estimiited to be $2.5{\times}$10^6$ - $3.5{\times}*$10^6$ using Sepharose hB column chromatography. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the lyophilized EPSbe and EPSae have a structure of thread-like fibers and a mesh-like structure resembling bee-hive, respectively.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.200-210
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• 2015

The modeling for fast pyrolysis of biomass in fluidized bed reactor has been developed for accurate prediction of bio-oil and gas products and for yield improvement. The purpose of this study is to analyze and to compare the CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation results with the experimental data from the CFD simulation results with the experimental data from the reference(Mellin et al., 2014) for gas products generated during fast pyrolysis of biomass in fluidized bed reactor. CFD(ANSYS FLUENT v.15.0) was used for the simulation. Complex pyrolysis reaction scheme of biomass subcomponents was applied for the simulation of pyrolysis reaction. This pyrolysis reaction scheme was included reaction of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin in detail, gas products obtained from pyrolysis were mainly $CO_2$, CO, $CH_4$, $H_2$, $C_2H_4$. The deviation between the simulation results from this study and experimental data from the reference was calculated about 3.7%p, 4.6%p, 3.9%p for $CH_4$, $H_2$, $C_2H_4$ respectively, whereas 9.6%p and 6.7%p for $CO_2$ and CO which are relatively high. Through this study, it is possible to predict gas products accurately by using CFD simulation approach. Moreover, this modeling approach should be developed to predict fluidized bed reactor performance and other gas product yields.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.332-340
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• 2001

Flowable composite resin has lower filler content, increased flow, and lower modules of elasticity. It is suggested that flowable composite resin can be bonded to the tooth structure intimately and absorb or dissipate the stress. Therefore, it may be advantageous to use flowable composite resin for the base material of class II restoration and for the class V restoraton. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage and shear bond strength of four flowable composite resins (Aeliteflo, Flow-It, Revolution, Ultraseal XT Plus) compared to Z100 using Scotchbond Multi Purpose dentin bonding system. To evaluate the microleakage, notch-shaped class V cavities were prepared on buccal and lingual surfaces of 80 extracted human premolars and molars on cementum margin. The teeth were randomly divided into non-thermocycling group (group 1) and thermocycling group (group 2) of 40 teeth each. The experimental teeth of each group were randomly divided onto five subgroups of eight samples (sixteen surfaces). The Scotchbond Multi-Purpose and composite resin were applied for each group following the manufacturer's instructions. the teeth of group 2 were thermocycled five hundred times between 5$^{\circ}C$ and 55$^{\circ}C$. The teeth of group 2 were placed in 2% methylene blue dye for 24 hours, then rinsed with tab water. The specimens were embedded in clear resin, and sectioned longitudinally with a diamond saw. The dye penetration on each of the specimen were observed with a stereomicioscope at $\times$20 magnification. To evaluate the shear bond strength, 60 teeth were divided into five groups of twelve teeth each. The experimental teeth were ground horizontally below the dentinoenamel junction, so that no enamel remained. After applying Scotchbond Multi-Purpose on the dentin surface, composite resin was applied in the shape of cylinder. The cylinder was 4mm in diameter and 2mm in thickness. Shear bond strength was measured using Instron with a cross-head speed of 0.5mm/min. After shear bond strength measurement, mode of failure was evaluated with a stereomicroscope at $\times$30 magnification. All data were statistically analyzed by One Way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls method. The correlation between microleakage and shear bond strength was analyzed by linear regression. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. In non-thermocycling group, the leakage value of Z100 was significantly lower than those of flowable composite resins at the enamel and dentin margin, margin, except that Revolution showed the lower leakage value than that of Z100 at the dentin margin (p<0.05). 2. In thermocycling group, the leakage values of Z100 and Ultraseal XT Plus were lower than those of other subgroup at the enamel and dentin margin, except that Flow-It showed the lower leakage value than that of Ultraseal XT Plus at the dentin margin (p<0.05). 3. The leakage value of Z100 and Ultraseal XT Plus in thermocycling group were not higher than that in non-thermocycling group at the enamel margin. The leakage value of Z100 in thermocycling group was not higher than that in non-thermocycling group at the dentin margin (p<0.05). 4. As for the shear bond strength measurement, there were no statistically significant differences among groups (p<0.05). The shear bond strengths given in descending order were as follows: Z100(16.81$\pm$2.98 MPa), Flow-It(14.8$\pm$4.43 MPa), Aeliteflo(14.34$\pm$3.69 MPa), Revolution(13.46$\pm$4.23 MPa), Ultraseal XT Plus(12.83$\pm$3.16 MPa). 5. Failure modes of all specimens were adhesive failures. 6. There was no correlation between microleakage and shear bond strength.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1973

In order to obtain the basic informations on the production of single cell protein from ethanol, 145 yeast strains utilizing ethanol as a sole carbon source were isolated from 32 soil samples in Korea. A yeast strain showing the highest cell yield among the isolated strains was selected and identified. The optimum culture condition, utilization of other carbon sources and the cultural characteristics for the selected yeast, and the chemical analysis of the yeast cell composition, and utilization of ethanol by the selected yeast were investigated. All the culture was carried out in the shaking flasks. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The selected yeast strain was identified as Debaryomyces nicotianae-SNU 72. 2. The optimum composition of the medium for the selected yeast is : Ethanol 40 ml, Urea 0.5 g, Potassium phosphate (dibasic) 0.5 g, Ammoium phosphate (monobasic) 0.15 g, Magnesium sulfate 0.05 g, Calcium chloride 0.01g, Yeast extract 0.005 g, Tap water 1000 ml. 3. The optimum pH was 5.0-5.5, the optimum temperature $30-33^{\circ}C$ and the aerobic state was unimportant. 4. Utilization of methanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, tert-amyl alcohol and acetic acid by the selected yeast was very weak. So substitution of the subtrate was thought to be impossible. 5. Studies on the propagation of the yeast cells showed that the lag phase of the yeast cells lasted 16 hours, and the logarithmic growth phase extended 16 to 28 hours. The specific growth rate was about $0.19\;hr^{-1}$ and the doubling time was 3.6 hours during the logarithmic growth phase. 6. As the result of the chemical analysis of the dry yeast cells, the content rate of the crude protein was 55.19 %, the content of others was similar to the average content of the yeast component. 7. After 34 hours cultivation, under the optimum culture condition investigated, the dry cell yield against the amount of the added ethanol was 53.4 % (W/V%), the dry cell yield against the amount of the utilized ethanol was 73.6 % (W/V%), the evaporation rate of ethanol was about 19.1 %.