• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1403-1414
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• 2010

Aspergillus awamori BTMFW032, isolated from sea water, produced tannase as an extracellular enzyme under submerged culture conditions. Enzymes with a specific activity of 2,761.89 IU/mg protein, a final yield of 0.51%, and a purification fold of 6.32 were obtained after purification through to homogeneity, by ultrafiltration and gel filtration. SDS-PAGE analyses, under nonreducing and reducing conditions, yielded a single band of 230 kDa and 37.8 kDa, respectively, indicating the presence of six identical monomers. A pI of 4.4 and a carbohydrate content of 8.02% were observed in the enzyme. The optimal temperature was found to be $30^{\circ}C$, although the enzyme was active in the range of $5-80^{\circ}C$. Two pH optima, pH 2 and pH 8, were recorded, although the enzyme was instable at a pH of 8, but stable at a pH of 2.0 for 24 h. Methylgallate recorded maximal affinity, and $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ were recorded at $1.9{\times}10^{-3}$M and 830 ${\mu}Mol$/min, respectively. The impacts of a number of metal salts, solvents, surfactants, and other typical enzyme inhibitors on tannase activity were determined in order to establish the novel characteristics of the enzyme. The gene encoding tannase, isolated from A. awamori, was found to be 1.232 kb, and nucleic acid sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame consisting of 1,122 bp (374 amino acids) of one stretch in the -1 strand. In silico analyses of gene sequences, and a comparison with reported sequences of other species of Aspergillus, indicate that the acidophilic tannase from marine A. awamori differs from that of other reported species.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.297-302
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• 2015

Nanocrystalline diamond(NCD) coated aluminium plates were prepared and applied as heat sinks for LED modules. NCD films were deposited on 1 mm thick Al plates for times of 2 - 10 h in a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition reactor. Deposition parameters were the microwave power of 1.2 kW, the working pressure of 90 Torr, the $CH_4/Ar$ gas ratio of 2/200 sccm. In order to enhance diamond nucleation, DC bias voltage of -90 V was applied to the substrate during deposition without external heating. NCD film was identified by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The Al plates with about 300 nm thick NCD film were attached to LED modules and thermal analysis was carried out using Thermal Transient Tester (T3ster) in a still air box. Thermal resistance of the module with NCD/Al plate was 3.88 K/W while that with Al plate was 5.55 K/W. The smaller the thermal resistance, the better the heat emission. From structure function analysis, the differences between junction and ambient temperatures were $12.1^{\circ}C$ for NCD/Al plate and $15.5^{\circ}C$ for Al plate. The hot spot size of infrared images was larger on NCD/Al than Al plate for a given period of LED operation. In conclusion, NCD coated Al plate exhibited better thermal spreading performance than conventional Al heat sink.

• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.254-259
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• 2004

The wild-type and temperature-sensitive (ts) repressor genes were cloned from the temperate mycobacteriophage L1 and its mutant L1cIts391, respectively. A sequencing analysis revealed that the $131^{st}$ proline residue of the wild-type repressor was changed to leucine in the ts mutant repressor. The 100% identity that was discovered between the two DNA regions of phages L1 and L5, carrying the same sets of genes including their repressor genes, strengthened the speculation that L1 is a minor variant of phage L5 or vice versa. A comparative analysis of the repressor proteins of different mycobacteriophages suggests that the mycobacteriophage-specific repressor proteins constitute a new family of repressors, which were possibly evolved from a common ancestor. Alignment of the mycobacteriophage-specific repressor proteins showed at least 7 blocks (designated I-VII) that carried 3-8 identical amino acid residues. The amino acid residues of blocks V, VI, and some residues downstream to block VI are crucial for the function of the L1 (or L5) repressor. Blocks I and II possibly form the turn and helix 2 regions of the HTH motif of the repressor. Block IV in the L1 repressor is part of the most charged region encompassing amino acid residues 72-92, which flanks the putative N-terminal basic (residues 1-71) and C-terminal acidic (residues 93-183) domains of L1 repressor.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.12 no.2 s.49
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• pp.117-121
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• 2005

Platinum catalysts for the DMFC (Direct Methanol Fuel Cell) were impregnated on several carbon supports and their catalytic activities were evaluated with cyclic voltammograms of methanol electro-oxidation. To increase the activities of the Pt/C catalyst, carbon supports with high electric conductivity such as mesoporous carbon, carbon nanofiber, and carbon nanotube were employed. The Pt/e-CNF (etched carbon nanofiber) catalyst showed higher maximum current density of $70 mA cm^{-2}$ and lower on-set voltage of 0.54 V vs. NHE than the Pt/Vulcan XC-72 in methanol oxidation. Although the carbon named by CNT (carbon nanotube) series turned out to have larger BET surface area than the carbon named by CNF (carbon nanofiber) series, the Pt catalysts supported on the CNT series were less active than those on the CNF series due to their lower electric conductivity and lower availability of pores for Pt loading. Considering that the BET surface area and electric conductivity of the e-CNF were similar to those of the Vulcan XC-72, smaller Pt particle size of the Pt/e-CNF catalyst and stronger metal-support interaction were believed to be the main reason for its higher catalytic activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.488-495
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• 2019

Background: Timosaponin AIII (TA3) is a steroidal saponin extracted from Anemarrhena asphodeloides. Here, we investigated the anticancer effects of TA3 in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells. TA3 attenuates migration and invasion of MG63 cells via regulations of two matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-2 and MMP-9, which are involved with cancer metastasis in various cancer cells. TA3 reduced enzymatic activities and transcriptional expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in MG63 cells. TA3 also inhibited Src, focal adhesion kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, ${\beta}-catenin$, and cAMP response element binding signaling, which regulate migration and invasion of cells. TA3 induced apoptosis of MG63 cells via regulations of caspase-3, caspase-7, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Then, we tested several ginsenosides to be used in combination with TA3 for the synergistic anticancer effects. We found that ginsenosides Rb1 and Rc have synergistic effects on TA3-induced apoptosis in MG63 cells. Methods: We investigated the anticancer effects of TA3 and synergistic effects of various ginseng saponins on TA3-induced apoptosis in MG63 cells. To test antimetastatic effects, we performed wound healing migration assay, Boyden chamber invasion assays, gelatin zymography assay, and Western blot analysis. Annexin V/PI staining apoptosis assay was performed to determine the apoptotic effect of TA3 and ginsenosides. Results: TA3 attenuated migration and invasion of MG63 cells and induced apoptosis of MG63 cells. Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rc showed the synergistic effects on TA3-induced apoptosis in MG63 cells. Conclusions: The results strongly suggest that the combination of TA3 and the two ginsenosides Rb1 and Rc may be a strong candidate for the effective antiosteosarcoma agent.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.53.2-53.2
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• 2019

$H{\alpha}$ surges (i.e. cool/dense collimated plasma ejections) may act as a guide for a propagation of magnetohydrodynamic waves. We report a high-resolution observation of a surge observed with 1.6m Goody Solar Telescope (GST) on 2009 August 26, from 18:20~UT to 18:45UT. Characteristics of plasma motions in the surge are determined with the normalizing radial gradient filter and the Fourier motion filter. The shape of the surge is found to change from a 'C' shape to an inverse 'C' shape after a formation of a cusp, a signature of reconnection. There are apparent upflows seen above the cusp top and downflows below it. The upflows show rising and rotational motions in the right-hand direction, with the rotational speed decreasing with height. Near the cusp top, we find a transverse oscillation of the surge, with the period of ~2 min. There is no change of the oscillation phase below the cusp top, but above the top a phase change is identified, giving a vertical phase speed about 86kms-1. As the height increases, the initial amplitude of the oscillation increases, and the oscillation damping time decreases from 5.13 to 1.18min. We conclude that the oscillation is a propagating kink wave that is possibly excited by an x-point oscillation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.398-409
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• 2023

LncRNAs play crucial roles in the progression of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), but the role of LINC01232 in COAD has not received much attention. The present study was designed to explore the related mechanisms of LINC01232 in the progression of COAD. LINC01232, miR-181a-5p, p53, c-myc, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, p16, Bax, VEGF, E-cadherin, vimentin, N-cadherin and SDAD1 expressions were determined by western blot and qRT-PCR. CCK-8, tubule formation, and Transwell assays were employed to detect proliferation, angiogenesis, and migration/invasion of COAD cells, respectively. The relationship between LINC01232 and miR-181a-5p was predicted by LncBase Predicted v.2, and then verified through dual luciferase reporter gene assay. According to the results, LINC01232 was highly expressed in COAD cells and enhanced proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion of COAD cells. Downregulated LINC01232 promoted expression of p53 and p16, and inhibited c-myc, Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 expressions in COAD cells, while upregulation of LINC01232 generated the opposite effects. LINC01232 was negatively correlated with miR-181a-5p while downregulated miR181a-5p could reverse the effects of siLINC01232 on cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion. Similarly, miR-181a-5p mimic could also offset the effect of LINC01232 overexpression. SiLINC01232 increased the expressions of Bax and E-cadherin, and decreased the expressions of VEGF, vimentin, N-cadherin and SDAD1, which were partially attenuated by miR-181a-5p inhibitor. Collectively, LINC01232 enhances the proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of COAD cells by decreasing miR-181a-5p expression.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.770-777
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to test the overall preference of Saury fishmeat nuggets. In order to remove off-flavor of Saury and to improve the sensory properties of Saury fishmeat nuggets, different concentrations of vegetables (onion, 0-20%), different types of spices (ginger powder, white pepper powder, garlic powder) and different types of vegetables (onion & hot pepper, onion & pimento, mushroom & hot pepper, and mushroom & pimento) were added and the sensory properties were evaluated. Different types of herbs (Anthemis nobillis, Rosemarinus offcinalis L) and oriental herb (Angelica gigas Nakai, Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Seed) extracts were included as well to preserve the antioxidants in the nuggets after reheating. The main ingredients included saury mince, mild pizza cheese, hydrated textured soy protein, and egg white powder. The samples were molded (dia. 4.5 cm, thickness 1.5 cm, 20 g), lightly battered and fried for 2 min (2 time) at $160^{\circ}C$. The samples were then frozen, reheated ($150^{\circ}C$, 20 min) and subjected to a sensory evaluation. In the sensory evaluation, Saury nuggets made with a vegetable concentration of 15% had the highest flavor, taste, and overall preference (V5). In addition, Saury nuggets made with 1 g of ginger powder and garlic powder scored the highest in the preference test (S2). Saury nuggets made with onion and pepper had the highest score in the preference test relative to all the other tested vegetables (SV1). Finally, in terms of the herb and oriental herb extracts, the nuggets made with the condensed extracts at a 1/20 ratio of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Seed (AS) scored the highest in the preference test, since AS had the lowest off-flavor taste.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2023

Three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) producing exopolysaccharides (EPSs) were isolated from Pa (green onion)-kimchi, and identified as Weissella confusa (SKP 173), Weissella cibaria (SKP 182), and Leuconostoc citreum (SKP 281), respectively by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The yields of EPS were 21.27, 18.53, and 15.4 g/l for EPS from SKP 173, 182, and 281, respectively when grown in MRS broth containing sucrose (5%, w/v). Total sugar contents were 64.39, 62.84, and 65.16% (w/w) for EPS from SKP 173, 182, and 281, respectively while the protein contents were 0.33, 0.31, and 0.25% (w/w), respectively. EPSs from W. confusa SKP 173 and W. cibaria SKP 182 contained glucose only but EPS from L. citreum SKP 281 contained glucose and glucitol. Viscosities of the 2% (w/w) freeze-dried EPS solution were 9.60, 8.00, and 8.20 centipoise (cP) for EPS from SKP 173, 182, and 281, respectively. Viscosities of culture grown in MRS broth with 5% sucrose (no glucose) were 92.98, 57.19, and 18.8 cP, respectively. The average molecular weights of EPSs were larger than 2 × 10⁷ Da. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses of EPSs showed typical carbohydrate peaks, suggesting that the EPSs consisted of pyranose saccharides with α-(1,6) and α-(1,3) glycosidic linkages. L. citreim SKP 281 was used as the starter for yogurt fermentation, and EPS production was confirmed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.519-528
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• 2003

A survey was conducted in certain parts of Haryana to record the prevalence of micro mineral deficiency in buffaloes. The prevalence of soil Cu, Co, Zn and Fe deficiency was 55.26%, 6.9%, 59.12% and 7.89% respectively. While that of fodder Cu, Co, Zn and Fe was 60.64%, 6.7%, 61.22% and 11.37% respectively. The overall prevalence of serum Cu, Co, Zn and Fe deficiency in Haryana was 59.2%, 19.1%, 59.2% and 19.9% respectively. The correlation co-efficient of Cu, Co, Zn and Fe in soil, fodder and serum was significant in most of the cases the values were above 0.8. Blood examination revealed significant decrease in haemoglobin and TEC level. However, no variation in level of TLC were observed in mineral deficient buffaloes. In micro mineral deficiency, thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) levels were decreased in buffaloes. Marginally lower concentration of vitamin A and E were observed in mineral deficient buffaloes in Haryana. The highest deficiency of micro minerals was 61.76% in copper at Ambala followed by 65.86% in zinc at Rhotak. For therapeutic studies a mineral mixture was prepared according to defiency obtained and fed to three groups of animals. Observation was recorded on 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. Group A consist of normal healthy animals and group B mineral deficient animal untreated and group C mineral deficient animal, treated with prepared mineral mixture. 25 gram of mineral mixture was fed daily along with normal ration. There was increase in body weight, milk yield, haemoglobin concentration and total erythrocyte level in group C animals when compared to group B animals. The milk yield in group C animals increased to 6.970${\pm}$0.41 after 60th day of supplement in comparison to 0 day where it was 5.910${\pm}$0.37, similarly the body wt. of group C animals increased from 129.42${\pm}$01.13 (at 0 day) to 159.31${\pm}$03.61 at 60th day of treatment.