• BMB Reports
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.143-154
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• 2002

The structural and functional aspects of ervatamin B were studied in solution. Ervatamin B belongs to the $\alpha+\beta$ class of proteins. The intrinsic fluorescence emission maximum of the enzyme was at 350 nm under neutral conditions, and at 355 nm under denaturing conditions. Between pH 1.0-2.5 the enzyme exists in a partially unfolded state with minimum or no tertiary structure, and no proteolytic activity. At still lower pH, the enzyme regains substantial secondary structure, which is predominantly $\beta$-sheet conformation and shows a strong binding to 8-anilino-1-napthalene-sulfonic acid (ANS). In the presence of salt, the enzyme attains a similar state directly from the native state. Under neutral conditions, the enzyme was stable in urea, while the guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) induced equilibrium unfolding was cooperative. The GuHCl induced unfolding transition curves at pH 3.0 and 4.0 were non-coincidental, indicating the presence of intermediates in the unfolding pathway. This was substantiated by strong ANS binding that was observed at low concentrations of GuHCl at both pH 3.0 and 4.0. The urea induced transition curves at pH 3.0 were, however, coincidental, but non-cooperative. This indicates that the different structural units of the enzyme unfold in steps through intermediates. This observation is further supported by two emission maxima in ANS binding assay during urea denaturation. Hence, denaturant induced equilibrium unfolding pathway of ervatamin B, which differs from the acid induced unfolding pathway, is not a simple two-state transition but involves intermediates which probably accumulate at different stages of protein folding and hence adds a new dimension to the unfolding pathway of plant proteases of the papain superfamily.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2010

Objectives：To develop and validate HPLC-PDA methods for simultaneous determination of seven constituents in Samchulkunbi-tang (SKT). Additionally, we investigated the cytotoxicity against BEAS-2B cell line and splenocytes of SKT. Methods：Reverse-phase chromatography using a Gemini $C_{18}$ column operating at $40^{\circ}C$, and photodiode array (PDA) detection at 230, 254 and 280 nm, were used for quantification of the three marker components of SKT. The mobile phase using a gradient flow consisted of two solvent systems. Solvent A was 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid and solvent B was acetonitrile with 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid. The cytotoxicity of SKT were measured by the CCK-8 assay method. Results：Calibration curves were acquired with $r^2$>0.9999, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) values (%) for intra- and inter-day precision were less than 6.0%. The recovery rate of each compound was in the range of 86.89-109.78%, with an RSD less than 4.0%. The contents of seven compounds in SKT were 1.39-6.84 mg/g. SKT had no cytotoxicity effect at 50-200 ${\mu}g$/mL concentrations. Conclusions：The established method will be helpful to improve quality control and in vitro efficacy study of SKT.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

춘천시 인구 밀집지역의 지반특성 파악 및 분류를 목적으로 2011년 1월부터 2013년 5월까지 고유진동수 1 Hz인 수직성분 속도센서 4대와 4.5 Hz 수직 지오폰 24개를 이용하여 춘천시계 내의 50 지점(산림지 4 곳 포함)에서 레일리파를 기록하였다. 확장된 공간자기상관함수법으로 얻은 레일리파 분산곡선을 두께 1 m인 40개 수평층의 횡파속도($v_s$) 모델로 역산하였다. 또한 이를 바탕으로 풍화암질 기반암의 깊이($D_b$) 및 횡파속도($v_s^b$), 토양층의 평균 횡파속도($\bar{v}_s^s$), 깊이 30m까지의 횡파속도($v_s30$)를 각각 산출하였다. 46개 저고도 측점에서 구한 $D_b$, $v_s^b$, $\bar{v}_s^s$, $v_s30$는 각각 5 ~ 29 m, 404 ~ 561 m/s, 208 ~ 375 m/s, 226 ~ 583 m/s의 범위를 갖는다. 이는 국내 내진설계기준에 따르면 단단한 토사지반 $S_D$와 매우 조밀한 토사지반 및 연암지반인 $S_C$에 해당한다. $v_s30$의 대표적 지시자를 파악하기 위해 토지피복 종류, 기반암 암상, 지표면 경사도 및 지표 고도와의 상관도를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 가장 좋은 지시자인 고도와의 상관성(r = 0.41)도 미약하게 나타나서, 상대적으로 작은 면적의 춘천시만을 대상으로 적용하기에는 신뢰성에 한계가 있다고 판단된다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2004

A new approach for the design of extrusion die surface of arbitrarily shaped section is presented. In order to generate the extrusion die surface. an automatic surface construction method based on B-spline surface and scalar field theory is proposed. The isothermal lines and stream lines designed in the scalar field are introduced to find the control points which are used in constructing B-spline surfaces. Intersected points between the isothermal lines and stream lines are used to construct B-spline surfaces. The inlet and outlet profiles are precisely described with B-spline curves by using the centripetal method for uniform parameterization. The extrusion die surface is generated by using the cubic curve interpolation in the u- and v-directions. A quantitative measure for the control of surface is suggested by introducing the tangential vectors at the inlet and outlet sections. To verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method, automatic surface generation is carried out for extrusion dies of arbitrarily shaped sections.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.231-236
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• 2005

To investigate the electrical properties at the single grainboundary of ZnO varistors, micro-electrodes were fabricated on the surface which was polished and thermally etched. Our micro-electrode had 2000 $\AA$ silicon nitride layer between micro-electrode and ZnO surface. This layer was deposited by PECVD and etched by RIE after photoresistor pattering process using by mask 1. The metal patterning of micro-electrodes used lift-off method. We found that the breakdown voltage of single grainboundary is about 3.5∼4.2 V at 0.1 mA on I-V curves. Also, capacitance-voltage measurement at single grainboundary gave several parameters( $N_{d}$, $N_{t}$, $\Phi$$_{b}$, t) which were related with grainboundary.ary.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제30A권12호
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• pp.60-68
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• 1993

Thw VLSI device of submicron level trends to have a low level of reliability because of hot carriers which are caused by short channel effects and which do not appear in a long-channel MOSFET operated in 5V. In order to minimize the generation of hot carrier, much research has been made into various types of drain structures. This study has suggested CG MOSFET (Concaved Gate MOSFET) as new drain structure and compared its electrical characteristics with those of the conventional MOSFET and LDD-structured MOSFET by making use of a simulation method. These three device were assumed to be produced by the LOCOS process and a computer-based analysis(PISCES-2B simulator) was carried out to verify the hot electron-resistant behaviours of the devices. In the present simulation, the channel length of these devises was 1.0$\mu$m and their DC characteristics, such as VS1DT-IS1DT curves, gate and substrate current, potential contours, breakdown voltage and electric field were compared with one another.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.91-94
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• 2013

We use the outer gap model to explain the spectrum and the energy dependent light curves of the X-ray and soft ${\gamma}$-ray radiations of the spin-down powered pulsar PSR B1509-58. In the outer gap model, most pairs inside the gap are created around the null charge surface and the gap's electric field separates the opposite charges to move in opposite directions. Consequently, the region from the null charge surface to the light cylinder is dominated by the outflow current and that from the null charge surface to the star is dominated by the inflow current. We suggest that the viewing angle of PSR B1509-58 only receives the inflow radiation. The incoming curvature photons are converted to pairs by the strong magnetic field of the star. The X-rays and soft ${\gamma}$-rays of PSR B1509-58 result from the synchrotron radiation of these pairs. The magnetic pair creation requires a large pitch angle, which makes the pulse profile of the synchrotron radiation distinct from that of the curvature radiation. We carefully trace the pulse profiles of the synchrotron radiation with different pitch angles. We find that the differences between the light curves of different energy bands are due to the different pitch angles of the secondary pairs, and the second peak appearing at E > 10 MeV comes from the region near the star, where the stronger magnetic field allows the pair creation to happen with a smaller pitch angle.

• 분석과학
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.130-144
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• 2004

최근 A, B 공단지역 및 주변 지역의 대기오염문제가 중요한 이슈가 됨에 따라 이 지역의 대기 중 VOCs를 측정하였다. 시료는 air sampler를 사용하여 Carbotrap에 흡착시킨 후 열탈착시스템을 사용하여 탈착시켜 가스크로마토그래피/질량분석법(GC/MS)으로 분석하였다. 모든 휘발성유기화합물들은 좋은 크로마토그래프 성질을 보였고 GC/MS-SIM에서 높은 감도를 보였다. 검출한계는 0.01-0.1 ppt(v/v)를 검량선의 직선성은 0.995이상을 보였다. 분석 결과 benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, n-hexane, fluorotrichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, styrene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, sec-butylbenzene, naphthalene 등 16개의 VOCs가 검출되었으며, 평균 농도로서 0.81, 5.02 1.30, 3.0, 0.81, 37.9, 0.07, 0.15, 0.15, 0.79, 0.06, 0.33, 0.03, 0.12, 0.23 그리고 0.35 ppb(v/v)으로 나타났다. 전반적으로 총 VOCs의 농도는 여름철보다 가을 및 겨울철에 더 높게 검출되었으나 WHO의 기준치를 초과한 경우는 없었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2010

Objectives: We investigated to develop and validate HPLC-PDA methods for simultaneous determination of eight constituents in Galgeun-tang (GGT). Methods: Reverse-phase chromatography using a Gemini C18 column operating at $40^{\circ}C$, and photodiode array (PDA) detection at 230 nm, 254 nm, and 280 nm, were used for quantification of the eight marker components of GGT. The mobile phase using a gradient flow consisted of two solvent systems. Solvent A was 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid and solvent B was acetonitrile with 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid. Results: Calibration curves were acquired with $r^2$ > 0.9999, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) values (%) for intra- and inter-day precision were less than 3.0%. The recovery rate of each component was in the range of 87.33-101.38%, with an RSD less than 7.0%. The contents of the eight components in GGT were 1.98-12.17 mg/g. Conclusions: The established method will be applied for the quantification of marker components in GGT.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2010

Objectives : To develop and validate HPLC-PDA methods for simultaneous determination of seven constituents in Samsoeum(SSE). Methods : Reverse-phase chromatography using a Gemini C18 column operating at $40^{\circ}C$, and photodiode array(PDA) detection at 254 and 280 nm, were used for quantification of the seven marker components of SSE. The mobile phase using a gradient flow consisted of two solvent systems. Solvent A was 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid and solvent B was acetonitrile with 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid. Results : Calibration curves were acquired with $r^2$>0.9997, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) values (%) for intra- and inter-day precision were less than 3.0%. The recovery rate of each compound was in the range of 100.07-112.65%, with an RSD less than 4.0%. The contents of seven compounds in SSE were 1.24-10.53 mg/g. Conclusions : The established method will be helpful to improve quality control of SSE.