• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.957-962
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• 2012

The principal objective of this study was to determine the effects of an ethanol extract of Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg (PMT) on body lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet for 5 weeks. The rats were divided into 6 groups: a control group (I), a cholesterol-control group (II), a control group treated with 0.5% PMT (III), a control group treated with 1% PMT (IV), a cholesterol-control treated with 0.5% PMT (V), and a cholesterol-control group treated with 1% PMT (VI). Body weight gains and food efficiency ratios were not significantly different among the groups. The levels of serum blood glucose and triglycerides of the treated animals significantly decreased compared to the control and the cholesterol-control groups (p<0.05). There was a clear tendency of decreased LDL-cholesterol level in PMT-treated animals compared to the cholesterol-control group. However, no significant differences were observed in the serum HDL- and LDL-cholesterol levels. In the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol to LDL-cholesterol concentration, both the 0.5% PMT and 1% PTM extract intake groups had a higher percentage than in the control and cholesterol-control groups (p<0.05). In addition, the atherosclerotic index in serum was significantly lower in the PMT intake group than those in the group control and the cholesterol-control. These results indicated that the PMT extract was effective on the improvement of lipid metabolism in SD rats.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 1989

This study was conducted to observe 1) the changes of cellular association in seminiferous tubles from 2 to 8 weeks of age, and 2) the cycle phenomena of seminiferous epithelia at 14 weeks of age in Japanese quail. Total 80 birds were examined at a week interval from 2 to 8 weeks, and 14 weeks of age. The results were summarized as follows： 1) The body and testis weights showed most prominent increase during 4 to 5 weeks and 6 to 8 weeks of age respectively. And also the diameters of seminiferous tubles were abruptly enlaged during 6 to 8 weeks of age. 2) Genocytes in the seminiferous tubles were still in existence at 3 weeks of age, however they did not come out after 4 weeks of age. Spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes and spermatids made their first arpearances in the seminiferous from 3, 4 and 6 weeks of age, respectively. Spermatozoa were observed for the first time at 7 weeks of age, but full spermatogenic activity was completed from 8 weeks of age. 3) At 14 weeks of age, the average weight at testis was 3.7g and its ratio to the body weight was approximately 3.0 percent. And at this age, average diameter of seminiferous tubules was 192.08 $\mu\textrm{m}$, and average numbers of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa within the cross section of seminiferous tubules were 7.74, 40.81, 28.42, 104.55 and 105.98, respectively. Spermatogonia and spermatid were classfied into 2 and 3 types, respectively. 4) At 14 weeks of age, the cycle of seminiferous epithelium could be divided into S stages with following characteristics. (1) Stage I： Seminiferous tubules showing type I and II spermatids. (2) Stage II： Seminiferous tubules showing type III spermatids only. (3) Stage III： Immature spermatozoa gathered near the sertoli cytoplasm. (4) Stage IV： Forming a bundle of 15-20 spematozoa. (5) Stage V： Spermatozoa bundle leaving the sertoli cytoplasm into lumen of the seminferous tubule. 5) Usually 2-3 stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle were concurrently appeared within a tubular cross section, and frequency of each stage from I to V within cross section of seminiferous tubules were 11.91%, 27.03%, 27.96%, 19.04% and 17.98%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 1997

Free phenolic acids (FPA), soluble phenolic acid esters (SPA) and insoluble-bound phenolic acids (IPA) were extracted from defatted Perillae semen flour and the antioxidative components in FPA extract was separated by column chromatography and HPLC. Total phenolic content of defatted Perillae semen flour was 0.38% as chlorogenic acid and each percent ratio of the content of FPA, SPA and IPA to total phenolic content was 71.1%, 15.8% and 13.1%, respectively. The antioxidative activity was compared by measuring of electron donating ability (EDA) and thiobarbituric acid value (linoleic acid substrates). The FPA extract was showed the highest antioxidative activity among the three kinds of phenolic extracts. The FPA extract showing the highest antioxidative activity was separated by silica gel column chromatography and then the separated fractions were compared in terms of antioxidative activity. The fractions of acetone : methanol (8 : 2) showing the highest antioxidative activity was further separated by HPLC. Five fractions (F-I, F-II, F-III, F-IV and F-V) were observed on the HPLC chromatogram and F-I fraction showed the highest antioxidative activity.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.115-145
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• 2007

This study was performed for developing upscaling Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map(ECVAM) of National Land in South Korea and presenting the application method of ECVAM. This ECVAM adopted the least indicator method and uses a Geographic Information System(GIS). This map is made through evaluation of 67 items. As a result, the construction of ECVAM was defined as a process of identifying land use to scientifically assess the physical and environmental value of land and classify conservation value into several grades for the sustainable management of environmental resources. After applying ECVAM criteria of five degrees to the whole of study area, Grade I, showing the highest conservation value, accounted for 29.3% by land area of ECVAM. Grades II, III, IV and V likewise accounted for, respectively, 21.7%, 17.2%, 7.1% and the lowest conservation value of 24.7%. other result, ECVAM and land suitability assessment agreement rate is Grade I 33.05%, Grades II, III, IV and V likewise accounted for 12.92%, 15.05%, 36.93% and last value of 53.28% This study set up "the realization of the improvement ECVAM" as the vision of the advancing strategy. In order to accomplish the vision, this study established the purpose as follow; constructing strategic assessment value relation to ECVAM based on knowledge, arranging the foundation to upscaling assessment value And this study devised preparatory plans to achieve the vision and the purpose as next; construction on base theme map by 1:5,000 scalie, base on land register theme map and precision land cover map. Therefore, for applying the result of this study to the upscaling Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map(ECVAM), it considers regularly the systematic categorization of preceding item, consideration issue of national environmental geographic information using the ECVAM.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.490-494
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 상수도 배수관로의 내 외부적 특성에 따라 개별관로를 정의하는 방법을 연구대상 지역의 배수관로 파손 데이터베이스에 적용하여 비례위험모형을 구축하였다. 연구에 사용된 자료는 연구대상지역의 배수관로의 제원 및 파손시기를 포함하는 관로 파손데이터베이스, 관로매설지역의 급수인구 및 수압범위에 관한 자료를 포함하는 GRID 데이터베이스와 관로매설지역의 토지개발 정도에 관한 자료를 포함한다. 이러한 자료를 이용하여 관로를 순차적 파손경험에 따라 7개의 생존시간군(STG I $\sim$ VII)으로 구분하고 각 생존시간군에 대한 비례위험모형(Model I $\sim$ VII)을 구축하였다. 이러한 모형을 이용하여 관로의 파손횟수가 증가하는 동안 파손에 영향을 미치는 인자의 변화와 그 효과를 파악하였으며, 또한 추정된 공변수의 위험비율을 분석함으로써 관로의 제원 혹은 매설환경, 급수인구 등에 따른 위험률의 상대적인 변화를 분석하였다. 또한 비례 위험모형의 구축과정에서 관로의 파손에 영향을 미치는 공변수의 비례성 가정을 검토하여 시간종속형 공변수를 모형화하였으며, 모형의 이탈잔차(deviance residual)를 분석하여 모형의 적합성을 검토하였다. 본 연구에서 구축된 비례위험모형에 대해 Shoenfeld 잔차를 이용한 스코어 잔차의 변화(score process)를 검토한 결과, Model I 과 Model II 에 대해서는 공변수의 시간종속 효과가 발견되었다. Model I에 대해서는 관로재질과 급수인구의 영향이 시간에 따라 변하며 Model II에서는 급수인구의 영향만이 시간에 따라 변하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 Model III $\sim$ Model VII 들에 대해서는 공변수의 영향이 시간에 따라 변하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 각 생존시간군에 대해 관로재질, 토지개발정도, 관로길이 및 급수인구의 변화가 관로의 상대적 누수위험률에 미치는 영향을 상대위험률의 95% 신뢰구간을 고려하여 정량적으로 산정하였고, 시간 종속형 공변수로 모형화된 공변수는 시간에 따른 공변수 영향의 변화를 분석하였다. 순차적 파손사건에 대한 비례위험모형의 구축 결과 생존시간군(STG) I의 기저위험률은 매설 후 대략 450개월까지는 파손 위험률이 '0'에 가까우나 그 이후로 급격히 증가하다가 매설 후 약 700개월에 이르러서는 약간 감소하고 약 850개월 이후에는 다시 급격히 증가한다. STG II의 기저위험률은 첫 번째 파손 후 약 300개월이 되면 위험률이 급격히 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. STG III $\sim$ STG VII의 기저위험률은 이차함수의 형태를 띄며, 특히 STG V, STG VI 및 STG VII의 기저위험률은 욕조형 곡선(bathtub curve)의 형태를 가진다. 각 생존시간군의 기저생존함수의 생존확률 '0.5'에 해당하는 기저중간생존시간에 대한 분석으로부터 파손횟수가 많아질수록 순차적 파손사건 사이의 경과시간은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 기저생존시간에 대한 경향은 관로의 파손횟수가 많아질수록 관로의 일반적은 내구성은 감소하기 때문인 것으로 분석된다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.285-294
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• 1994

Dried top and root extracts of seven different weed species, fresh top and root extracts, and various concentrations of extract (0, 5, 10 and 15%, W/V) and residue rate (0.0, 0.25. 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0%) of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.) were used to study their allelopathic effects on alfalfa in the laboratory and greenhouse. Top and root aqueous extracts of common lambsquarter (Chenopodium album L.), giant foxtail (Setaria faberii Herrm), redroot pig-weed (Amaranthus retroflexus L), velvetleaf, large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L), canada thistle (Cirsium arvense L.) and prostrate knotweed (Polygonium aviculare L.) significantly inhibited germination, seedling length, weight, and vigor in alfalfa. Top growth extracts of weeds exhibited greater allelopathic effects than root extracts. Alfalfa test species, WL-320, responded significantly different to the various weed species extracts in terms of allelopathic effect. The regression slopes of various top extracts showed significant variation with respect to germination percentage. Velvetleaf (b=3.69) extracts were the most inhibitory, while large crabgrass (b=2.39) extracts had the least allelopathic effect on alfalfa. When compared the activity of fresh velvetleaf extract to that of dry velvetleaf extract, dry extract was more inhibitory to alfalfa germination and seedling growth. Germination, seedling length and weight of alfalfa were inversely proportional to the concentration of dried velvetleaf extracts. Seedling emergence and survival percentage was inhibited by velvetleaf residue mixture treatment. Also, more of the toxic effects were observed from the dried top extracts, as compared to extracts from fresh top and root. These results demonstrate the allelopathic activity of different weed species extracts and suggest that weeds may affect crop growth and development due to the inhibitory effects of allelochemicals present in weed tissue.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.147-156
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• 2007

The dorsal lingual papillae of Myotis macrodactylus were investigated morphologically using scanning electron microscopy. Three types of lingual papillae from Myotis macrodactylus were recognized. The filiform(Fi) papillae were distributed over the entire dorsal surface of the tongue, and they could be classified into 5 types of papillae by the shape, size and number of the protrusion. Type I was distributed on dorsal surface of the apex in the anterior region of the tongue, has a crow-like shape with ten to fifteen formed projections. Type II was located in the medial portion of the anterior region of the tongue, has an eight to ten spin-like protrusion. Type III was distributed on the medial portion of the tongue, has a scale-like papille with five to seven protrusion. Type IV was distributed on the both lateral portion of the posterior region of the tongue, has a small conical papillae, does not have needle projection. Type V have not needle projection, a large of conical papillae, on the both lateral portion of the posterior region of the tongue. Most Fu(Fungiform) papillae were distributed the both lateral region or medial portion of the posterior region of the tongue, has a round or oval shape with $40{\sim}45$ papillae. The small $(65{\mu}m)$, meddle $(75{\mu}m)$ and large $(120{\mu}m)$ fungiform papillae were distributed on dorsal surface of the apex in the anterior, the both lateral portions and medial portion of the posterior region of the tongue, respectively. Two large oval vallate (V) papillae are located in the medial portion of the posterior region of the tongue. In conclusion, the morphology of lingual papillae is useful to determine species relationship among Myotis species. It suggests that the difference of types and number of lingual papillae caused by the difference of food habit.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.84-93
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the repair integrity and clinical outcomes of delaminated tears following arthroscopic layered suture bridge rotator cuff repair in a prospective fashion. Materials and Methods: A consecutive series of 67 patients with delaminated rotator cuff tears who underwent surgery using the arthroscopic Layered Suture Bridge Technique were followed prospectively. Of 67 shoulders, 26 patients were male and 40 patients were female (one patient had bilateral tears); the mean age was 58.8(40~76) years. The clinical evaluation was performed according to ASES, UCLA, and KSS (Korea Shoulder Scoring System) scores with an average follow up period of 33 months. Repair integrity was estimated using MRI, which was performed six months postoperatively. Results: The average clinical outcome in ASES, UCLA, and KSS scores showed significant improvement at the time of the final follow-up compared to preoperatively, from 50.2 to 92.3, 15 to 31.3, and 54.4 to 90.7, respectively (p<0.001 for all scores). Follow up by MRI showed that 16 shoulders had a type-I; 14, a type-II; five, a type-III; two, a type-IV; one, a type-V re-tear. The overall rate of re-tear (types IV and V) was 7.9%. Conclusion: Use of the Arthroscopic Layered Suture Bridge Technique can result in improved functional and structural outcome in cases of delaminated rotator cuff tear.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and prognostic factors of treatment-related pneumonitis in non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT). Materials and Methods: One-hundred-five patients with NSCLC treated with IMRT between 1 August 2004 and 30 November 2006 were analyzed retrospectively. The mean age of patients was 62.9 years, and squamous carcinomas were confirmed in 81 patients(77%). Sixty-six patients(62.9%) were classified as stage III, and 59 patients had lesions in the right lung. Twenty-seven patients were treated with a dose of 3,060 cGy preoperatively, and 10 patients were given a dose of 5,040 cGy postoperatively. Sixty-eight patients received a dose of 7,020 cGy for curative intent. Sixty-eight patients were treated with the use of the CORVUS planning system and 37 patients were treated with the use of the ECLIPSE planning system. Results: Of 105 patients, 21 patients(20%) had abnormal radiological findings, but only seven patients(6.7%) required treatment for radiation pneumonitis. Six of the seven patients had other serious lesions, including a bronchioesophageal fistula(one patient), recurrence in the treatment field(two patients), brain metastasis(one patient) and lung-to-lung metastasis(two patients); all of these patients died within 19 months after radiation treatment. Sixteen patients(23.5%) that received planning with the CORVUS system had abnormal lung findings. Five patients(13.5%) had abnormal lung findings with the use of the ECLIPSE planning system. Other prognostic factors such as perioperative radiation therapy, a volume over 10% of the V20 volume in the right lung, were also statistically significant. Conclusion: This retrospective analysis suggests that IMRT could be a beneficial treatment modality for the reduction of radiation pneumonitis in NSCLC patients. However, the higher incidence of abnormal radiological findings in perioperative patients treated with relatively lower doses($3,060{\sim}5,040$ cGy) suggest the need for judicious treatment planning in preoperative or postoperative treatment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.194-200
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• 1984

Effects of seed coating on establishment, early growth and herbage production were investigated in Pot, Soil box and Field experiments. Seed was coated with 60% Lime, 20% Phosphate and 20% Peatmoss(W/W), also finely sprayed 13% Arabic gum and 2% Methyl cellulose(W/V). Coating were generally 1:20, seed: coat(W/W). 1. In the general growth of the growing stages and different oversown species at 80 days, seed coated was promoted than none in early growth. (Table 2 and 3) 2. Stand counts at 60 days after oversown, seed coated was higher 15% than none, especially, there was advantage due to coating on the medium and large size seeds such as Orchardgrass, Perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass, but did not assist establishment of the large (Tall fescue) and small (Ladino clover) size seed. 3. Variation of sward composition was not quite different between two treatments, but seed coated was slightly increased the Percentage of sown grasses with advance of cutting time. 4. Total dry metter yield per unit area with seed coated was higher 17% than none in establishment year. 5. Variations in the chemical composition of the herbage and soil were influenced by coating materials in the coating regime (Table 8). 6. From these facts, seed coated also appeared that adequate seedling stands, early growth and herbage production could be obtained with higher than conventional overseeding method under a poor conditions.