• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 1988

This study was carried out to investigate the action of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on the motility of immature pig uterine smooth muscle. ATP appeared contractile responses in a dose-dependent manner, showing the maximal contraction at the concentration of $10^{-3}M$ in the uterine smooth muscle strip. The contractile responses by $ATP(10^{-4}M)$ were not affected by atropine $(10^{-6}M)$, phentolamine $(10^{-6}M)$, propranolol $(10^{-6}M)$, pyrilamine $(10^{-6}M)$, cimetidine $(10^{-6}M)$, and theophyulline $(5{\times}10^{-5}M)$, but were inhibited uncompetitively by quinidine. The effects of these drugs on the contractile responses by prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ were also comparable to those observed with ATP. When muscle strips were pretreated with indomethacin $(5{\times}10^{-5}M)$ for 20 min., the contractile responses by $ATP(10^{-4}M)$ were completely inhibited. But the contractile responses by $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ were not affected by indomethacin. These results suggest that ATP elicited the contraction through noncholinergic- and nonadrenergic-receptor mediated by prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ in pig uterine smooth muscle.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2005

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to verify the effects of aromatherapy on labor pain and perception of the childbirth experience. Methods: This study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this experiment consisted of forty eight primiparas without problems during the gestation period. Twenty four primiparas in the experimental group were given general obstetric nursing care with aromatherapy every two hours. Twenty four primiparas in the control group were given general obstetric nursing care only. Data was collected for labor pain measured by a labor pain expression scale, uterine contraction activity measured by Montevideo units in the latent phase, active phase, and transition phase and the perception of childbirth experience 24hours after birth. Data was analyzed by t-test, and repeated measures of ANOVA with an SPSS program. Results: No significant group effects were found, but significant time effects were found for labor pain, and uterine contraction activity. There was no significant difference in postpartum mothers' perception about childbirth. Conclusion: In this study, effects of aromtherapy decreasing labor pain expression, and increasing the perception of childbirth was not found.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.199-208
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• 1986

The effects of $Mg^{++}$ upon the spontaneous contraction activated by 1 IU/l oxytocin were studied in the isolated rat uterine muscle. Longitudinal muscle strips u·ere prepared from the rat uteri at the estrous stage. All experiments were performed in tris-buffered Tyrode solution which was aerated with 100% $O_2$ and kept at $35^{\circ}C$. The results obtained were as follows: 1) In the uterine strips contracting spontaneously, as $Mg^{++}$ concentration increased in the Tyrode solution the amplitude of peak tension decreased in all the experimental solutions containing the various concentrations of $Ca^{++}\;(0.5{\sim}4 mM)$. And the amplitude of peak tension increased in inverse proportion to the $[Mg^{++}]/[Ca^{++}]\; ratio$. It is suggested that the tension-lowering effect of $Mg^{++}$ would be developed through decreasing intracellular ionized free calcium ion concentration by uncertain mechanism. 2) The frequency of the uterine contraction activated by oxytocin increased as the $[Mg^{++}]/[Ca^{++}]\;ratio$ ratio increased up to 1/2, but the frequency decreased above this ratio. It is speculated that $Mg^{++}$ would influence the excitability control action of $Ca^{++}$.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.83-91
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• 1996

Activation of $K^+$ channels induces relaxation of smooth muscles by reducing electrical excitability and cytosolic free $Ca^{2+}$ level. ${\beta}$-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol is known to induce relaxation of the uterine smooth muscle by membrane hyperpolarization and $K^+$ efflux. Recently it is suggested that the activity of $Ca^{2+}$-activated $K^+$ channel was increased by isoproterenol in the uterine myocytes isolated from myometrium of the pregnant rat. However, the type of $K^+$ channel mediating the relaxant effect of isopreterenol in the tissue level has not yet studied. In this work, we investigated the type of $K^+$ channels involved in the isoproterenol-induced relaxation of uterine smooth muscle by measuring the integrated insometric tension of the estrogen-treated isolated nonpregnant rat uterus. Contraction of uterine tissue was induced by oxytocin (0.2nM, 2~3 contractions/min) or high KCl(20~80mM). The result are as follows : 1. Isoproterenol($10^{-10}{\sim}10^{-4}M$) inhibited oxytocin-induced contraction of isolated rat uterus($EC_{50}=1.17{\times}10^{-10}M$). 2. Isoproterenol($10^{-10}{\sim}10^{-4}M$) effectively inhibited uterine contraction induced by low KCl(20~40mM) but little those induced by high KCl(60~80mM). 3. Relaxant effect of isoproterenol($10^{-10}{\sim}10^{-4}M$) on 0.2nM oxytocin-induced contraction was effectively reduced by 4-aminopyridine(3, 10mM) but little by TEA(10~30mM), $Ba^{2+}$($1{\sim}30{\mu}M$) and glibenclamide($100{\mu}M$). Our data suggest that the relaxant effect of isoproterenol is mediated by the $K^+$ channel(s) which can be blocked by 4-aminopyridine.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• 제23권4권
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• pp.421-426
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• 2006

The effects of transmural nerve stimulation induced releasing neurotransmitters on the changes of swine uterine smooth muscle motility were examined by polygraph through isometric force transducer. The frequency dependent relaxation and rebound contraction were revealed on precontraction with histamine by transmural nerve stimulation. The rebound contraction by transmural nerve stimulation was inhibited by nonselective ${\alpha}$-adrenergic receptor antagonist, phentolamine, and the relaxation by transmural nerve stimulation was blocked by nonselective ${\beta}$-adrenergic receptor antagonist, propranolol. The relaxation induced by nonselective ${\beta}$-adrenergic receptor agonist, isoproterenol on precontraction with histamine were the dose dependent manner and this relaxation was blocked by nonselective ${\beta}$-adrenergic receptor antagonist, propranolol in isolated uterine smooth muscle of pig. These results suggest that endogenous neurotransmitters on smooth muscle relaxation was influenced by ${\beta}$-adrenergic receptor in swine.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.24-33
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the benefit of Traditional Korean Medicine as an adjuvant therapy in management of early uterine contractions and the prevention of Preterm Birth (PTB). Methods: It is a case report of a 38 year-old-woman hospitalized for irregular uterine contractions and cervical change at 33^+3/7weeks of gestation. After 7 trials of IVF and artificial insemination, conception was successful via IVF with help of traditional Korean medicines. 2 TKMs were prescribed: Gami-danggui-san, and Antae-eum. 120 ml of Gami-danggui-san was given twice a day morning and evening along with same amount of Antae-eum once a day from 31 August 2013 to 28 November 2013. Tocolytics (Ritodrine) was administered as a first aid for maintenance of pregnancy. Information regarding progress until the delivery was collected during the patient’s visit. Results: As of 34^+2/7 weeks of gestation, intermittent uterine contractions appeared (5-12 min) on cardiotocography and vaginal bleeding was also smeared at 34^+3/7 weeks. However, enhanced tocolytics and continuous administration of herbal medicine sustained the pregnancy to term. At 37^+2/7 weeks, no sign of labor with restored cervical length was confirmed. The woman gave a term birth to a healthy infant via vaginal delivery at 39^+3/7 gestational weeks. Conclusions: Our report implies the potential of herbal medicine as a adjuvant therapy for preterm labor treatment. Further studies are needed to assess the safety and efficacy of TKM herbal medicine as a therapeutic alternative for curing preterm birth.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.103-107
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• 1983

This experiment was undertaken to see whether dopamine has any effect on a uterine function and whether the uterus has a dopamine receptor. We used 14 female rats in the diestrus state which was identified by a vaginal smear. Under ether anesthesia, 3 pieces(1 cm length) from each side of the uterus were dissected out and mounted in 3 tissue chambers (4 cm diameter, 10 cm height) that contained Krebs-Ringer solution. The solution was continuously aerated with 95% $O_2$ containing 5% $CO_2$ and kept $37^{\circ}C$ consistantly during the whole experimental period. The spontaneous contractile activity of the isolated uterus was recorded using a force transducer. After a recovery period of 15 min in the chamber, the following experiments were carried out. In 7 rats, each piece of the uterus was received dopamine at concentrations of $10^{-4}$, $10^{-5}$ or $10^{-6}\;M$ for 10 min and then followed by domperidone at a concentration of $10^{-5}\;M$. In another 7 rats, each piece was received domperidone, a specific peripheral dopamine receptor antagonist, was administered at a concentration of $10^{-5}\;M$ for 5 min prior to dopamine at concentrations of $10^{-4}$, $10^{-5}$, or $10^{-6}\;M$. Dopamine inhibited the spontaneous uterine contraction dose-dependently (r=0.99, p<.01). The inhibited contractility by dopomine was significantly (P<.05) resumed by post-treatment of domperidone. Pre-treatment of domperidone also blocked significantly(p<.05) the inhibitory effect of dopamine. It is concluded from these results that dopamine has inhibitory role upon the spontaneous uterine contraction of the rat in the diestrus state and domperidone antagonized the inhibitory effect of dopamine. These results suggest strongly that dopamine may exert the inhibitory effect via the dopamine receptor in the rat uterus.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.133-141
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• 1987

The effects of verapamil and tetracaine on acetylcholine-and oxytocin-induced contraction of uterus from estrogen-treated rat were examined. Isometric tensions were recorded on the Physiograph and stored in TriGem 20XT computer as digitized data for off-line analysis of the components, which described the contraction patterns: trought tension (T), peak tension (P), contraction frequency (F), and duration (D). In the acetylcholine-induced contraction, verapamil $(0.25\;{\mu}M)$ significantly decreased P and D. In contrast, tetracaine $(42{\mu}M)$ decreased F, but increased D. In the low oxytocin-induced contraction, verapamil $(0.25\;{\mu}M)$ decreased P and D, and tetracaine $(42{\mu}M)$ decreased F but increased D. In the high oxytocin-induced contraction, verapamil decreased P and D, but tetracaine decreased P without affecting on other components. These results suggest that the analysis of effects of a certain inhibitor on the components of contraction allow to postulate its specific inhibitory mechanism of the smooth muscle contraction.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.343-351
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• 2019

Background: Preterm labor and miscarriage may occur in stressful situations, such as a surgical operation or infection during pregnancy. Pharyngeal and buccal abscess and facial bone fractures are inevitable dental surgeries in pregnant patients. Remifentanil is an opioid analgesic that is commonly used for general anesthesia and sedation. Nonetheless, no study has investigated the effects of remifentanil on amniotic epithelial cells. This study evaluated the effects of remifentanil on the factors related to uterine contraction and its mechanism of action on amniotic epithelial cells. Methods: Amniotic epithelial cells were preconditioned at various concentrations of remifentanil for 1 h, followed by 24-h lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. MTT assays were performed to assess the cell viability in each group. The effects of remifentanil on factors related to uterine contractions in amniotic epithelial cells were assessed using a nitric oxide (NO) assay, western blot examinations of the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂), and RT-PCR examinations of the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Results: Remifentanil did not affect viability and nitric oxide production of amniotic epithelial cells. Western blot analysis revealed that remifentanil preconditioning resulted in decreased expressions of NF-κB and PGE2 in the cells in LPS-induced inflammation, and a tendency of decreased COX2 expression. The results were statistically significant only at high concentration. RT-PCR revealed reduced expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α. Conclusions: Preconditioning with remifentanil does not affect the viability of amniotic epithelial cells but reduces the expression of factors related to uterine contractions in situations where cell inflammation is induced by LPS, which is an important inducer of preterm labor. These findings provide evidence that remifentanil may inhibit preterm labor in clinical settings.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.154-162
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• 1996

The effcets of adenosine 5'-triphosphate(ATP) were investigated on the uterine smooth muscle motility in the pig. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The effects of the porcine uterine smooth muscle and the contractile responses increased between the concentration of ATP $10^{-5}$ and $10^{-3}$ M with a dose-dependent manner. 2. The contractile response induced by ATP($10^{-4}$ M) was not blocked by pretreatment with cholinergic receptor blocker, atropine ($10^{-6}$ M) 3. The contractile response induced by ATP ($10^{-4}$ M) was not blocked by pretreatment with $\alpha$ -adrenergic receptor blocker, phentolamine(10$^{-6}$ M) and ${\beta}$-adrenergic blocker, propranolol ($10^{-6}$ M). 4. The contractile response induced by ATP($10^{-4}$ M) was not appeared in 4Ca^{++}$ -free medium. As the concentration of $Ca^{++}$ in $Ca^{++}$ -free medium was increased, the contractile response induced by ATP ($10^{-4}$ M) was enhenced but was completely inhibited by pretreatment with $Ca^{++}$ -channel blocker, papaverine($10^{-6}$ M) or verapamil($10^{-6}$ M). From these results, it was conclued that the effects of ATP were the contraction mediated by purinergic receptor in uterine smooth muscle of pig.