• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.649-661
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• 2016

It was intended to enhance the quality of festival and contribute as image of refined local festival by making an empirical and cross-sectional analysis of effect that the overall quality of service provided in the local festival had on users' satisfaction and revisit intention by using 2013-2014 two-year data for visitors who had enjoyed "Cheonan Heungtaryeong Dance Festival", best festival designated by Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism after 2012. The results of analyzing a difference for 2 years are as follows. 1) Among social quality factors, both cultural effect and image effect showed a significant difference with p=.001 and p=.004. 2) Among process quality factors, food and souvenir showed a significant difference with p=.27. 3) Among physical quality factors, both convenience in connection with the visitors' enjoying the festival and facility arrangement didn't show difference between groups with p=.130 and .408. Finally, in the item of whether the overall service quality of festival had an effect on visitor satisfaction and whether visitor satisfaction with festival had an effect on revisit intention, each of these had p=.000. So, it was shown that there was statistically significant difference. In other words, it is proved that the enhancement of service quality lead to high satisfaction, and this arouses revisit intention and produces word of mouth effect.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.194-198
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• 2008

Significant soil erosion and water quality degradation issues are occurring at highland agricultural areas of Kangwon province because of agronomic and topographical specialities of the region. Thus spatial and temporal modeling techniques are often utilized to analyze soil erosion and sediment behaviors at watershed scale. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is one of the watershed scale models that have been widely used for these ends in Korea. In most cases, the SWAT users tend to use the readily available input dataset, such as the Ministry of Environment (MOE) land cover data ignoring temporal and spatial changes in land cover. Spatial and temporal resolutions of the MOE land cover data are not good enough to reflect field condition for accurate assesment of soil erosion and sediment behaviors. Especially accelerated soil erosion is occurring from agricultural fields, which is sometimes not possible to identify with low-resolution MOD land cover data. Thus new land cover data is prepared with cadastral map and high spatial resolution images of the Doam-dam watershed. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated with this land cover data. The EI values were 0.79 and 0.85 for streamflow calibration and validation, respectively. The EI were 0.79 and 0.86 for sediment calibration and validation, respectively. These EI values were greater than those with MOE land cover data. With newly prepared land cover dataset for the Doam-dam watershed, the SWAT model better predicts hydrologic and sediment behaviors. The number of HRUs with new land cover data increased by 70.2% compared with that with the MOE land cover, indicating better representation of small-sized agricultural field boundaries. The SWAT estimated annual average sediment yield with the MOE land cover data was 61.8 ton/ha/year for the Doam-dam watershed, while 36.2 ton/ha/year (70.7% difference) of annual sediment yield with new land cover data. Especially the most significant difference in estimated sediment yield was 548.0% for the subwatershed #2 (165.9 ton/ha/year with the MOE land cover data and 25.6 ton/ha/year with new land cover data developed in this study). The results obtained in this study implies that the use of MOE land cover data in SWAT sediment simulation for the Doam-dam watershed could results in 70.7% differences in overall sediment estimation and incorrect identification of sediment hot spot areas (such as subwatershed #2) for effective sediment management. Therefore it is recommended that one needs to carefully validate land cover for the study watershed for accurate hydrologic and sediment simulation with the SWAT model.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.711-720
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• 2011

SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model was calibrated for the flow rate of the Deachung lake with a large area of 3108.29 $km^2$. Application of SWAT model requires significant number of input data and is prone to result in uncertainties due to errors in input data, model structure and model parameters. The SUFI-2 (Sequential Uncertainty Fitting Ver. 2) program and GLUE (Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation) program in SWAT-CUP (SWAT-Calibration and Uncertainty Program) are used to select the best parameters for SWAT model. Optimal combination of parameter values was determined through 2,000 iterative SWAT model runs. The Nash-Sutcliffe values and $R^2$ values were 0.87 and 0.89 respectively indicating both methods show good agreements with observed data successfully. RMSE and MSE values also showed similar results for both programs. It seems the SWAT-CUP has a great practical appeal for parameter optimization especially for large basin area and it also can be used for less experienced SWAT model users.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.363-387
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to find out implications which can be useful for enhancement of user participation in Korean disability services from UK community care experience. In Korea, until recently dominant issue on social services always has been the shortage of service provision. But during the recent 20 years, we experienced great expansion in quantity, as though it may be not yet enough. And more recently, disabled people and organizations began to actively argue for appropriate service in quantity and quality. Now, Korean disability policy and practice are confronted to the difficult and embarrassing task how to meet the need of disabled people with limited resources, and how to response to the disabled people's voice arguing on independence and choice. This task would require somewhat deliberate reform which might be quite different from previous one. UK's experience of implementation and development of community care system would give meaningful implications to Korean disability service policy and practice related to user participation. The results of the review on user participation issues in the UK community care give several implications to Korean disability services. Above all, consumerist approach which is the key strategy adopted by UK community care change is not appropriate for Korean disability service because of largely different service environment. The second implication is about decentralization. To enable decentralization of social service leads to enhancement of user involvement avoiding a lowering of service quality, prerequisite conditions should be secured. A third is securing and making declaration on the disabled person's right to assessment and constructing public service system operated by case management process. Fourth, formalized complaints procedure should be established. Fifth, professional education which enables professionals to encourage participation of disabled people should be developed, and the role of disability movement leading disabled users to participate on their services also should be highlighted.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.28
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• pp.447-475
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• 1998

We are seeing a shift of the focus of information service from system-centered(data-centered or intermediary-centered) a n.0, pproach to user-centered a n.0, pproach. Sense-making theory is one of the user- centered a n.0, pproaches. This study focused on user-centered information service paradigm concepts of Dervin's sense-making theory and interpreting sense-making theory in the practical context of library services. The sense-making theory is basically a cognitive a n.0, pproach to information-seeking, in that it recognizes information as something that involves internal cognitive processes. The user of information becomes the focus in this sense-making model. The sense-making theory sees information as subjective, situational, and cognitive. It focuses on understanding information within specific contexts and on understanding how information needs develop and how they are satisfied. It regards the user not as a passive receive of external information but as the center in a active, ongoing process of change. It related to the information needs of users. Dervin's method for studying information needs employs the 'situation-gap-use' metaphor. All information needs stem from a discontinuity or 'gap! in one's knowledge. Dervin believes that information needs can be addressed by understanding the process that each individual goes through in experiencing a gap, in trying to resolve it, and in gaining something (especially new knowledge) from the experience. Sense-making is a process; 'sense' is the product of this process. Sense includes 'knowledge'. However, it includes a host of other subjective factors that reflect an individual's interpretations of a situation including intuitions, opinions, hunches, effective responses, evaluations, questions, etc. For several reasons, however, difficulties are encountered if one attempts a more substantial assessment of the theory. First, it has not yet crystallized into a well-defined theory. Secondly, though the theory has aroused general interest, e.g. within LIS, detailed discussion of its strong and weak points is still lacking. A third source of difficulty is that the basic assumptions of the theory have been explicated metaphorically. If sense-making theory is to be really useful, it needs to be interpreted for library settings. But we have found no attempt to construct an information service based on the theory. Because the research tradition is still relatively young, there are many unanswered questions connected, e.g. with the design of information systems. In any case, e.g. intermediary access systems would be more efficient and effective it their planning could be founded on the user-centered a n.0, pproach.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.5 no.1 s.15
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• pp.11-18
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• 2003

Road roughness, as the key factor influencing not only drivers' ride quality and safety but also pavement deterioration, is one of the most important pavement performance indicator to be evaluated by users' subjective assessment. For this reason, a specific number of the pavement roughness has been adopted to monitor the condition of a road for pavement management systems and to evaluate the quality of newly constructed sections, however, none of the unified methodology was internationally accepted. In Korea highway network, road roughness has been used mainly to evaluate newly placed pavement by using 7.6m CP (California Profile meter) to calculate PrI (Profile Index). But this instrument is manually operated to measure road profiles by traffic closure and their interpretation depends on personal bias. Therefore, problems arisen from the manually operated instrument will be overcome by using the APL (Longitudinal Profile Analyzer) which can be operated in the speed of 80km per hour. A study was conducted to correlate the relation from both concrete and asphalt pavement between IRI (measured by APL) and PrI (measured by 7.6m CP). Test results showed that there was a good correlation between IRI and PrI.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.347-358
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• 2012

The SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) should be calibrated and validated with observed data to secure accuracy of model prediction. Recently, the SWAT-CUP (Calibration and Uncertainty Program for SWAT) software, which can calibrate SWAT using various algorithms, were developed to help SWAT users calibrate model efficiently. In this study, three algorithms (GLUE: Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation, PARASOL: Parameter solution, SUFI-2: Sequential Uncertainty Fitting ver. 2) in the SWAT-CUP were applied for the Soyang-gang dam watershed to evaluate these algorithms. Simulated total streamflow and 0~75% percentile streamflow were compared with observed data, respectively. The NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency) and $R^2$ (Coefficient of Determination) values were the same from three algorithms but the P-factor for confidence of calibration ranged from 0.27 to 0.81 . the PARASOL shows the lowest p-factor (0.27), SUFI-2 gives the greatest P-factor (0.81) among these three algorithms. Based on calibration results, the SUFI-2 was found to be suitable for calibration in Soyang-gang dam watershed. Although the NSE and $R^2$ values were satisfactory for total streamflow estimation, the SWAT simulated values for low flow regime were not satisfactory (negative NSE values) in this study. This is because of limitations in semi-distributed SWAT modeling structure, which cannot simulated effects of spatial locations of HRUs (Hydrologic Response Unit) within subwatersheds in SWAT. To solve this problem, a module capable of simulating groundwater/baseflow should be developed and added to the SWAT system. With this enhancement in SWAT/SWAT-CUP, the SWAT estimated streamflow values could be used in determining standard flow rate in TMDLs (Total Maximum Daily Load) application at a watershed.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.137-154
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• 2011

A headword finding system is defined as an information retrieval system using a word gloss as a query. We use the gloss as a document in order to implement such a system. Generally the gloss is very short in length and then makes very difficult to find the most proper headword for a given query. To alleviate this problem, we expand the document using the concept of query expansion in information retrieval. In this paper, we use 2 document expansion methods : gloss expansion and similar word expansion. The former is the process of inserting glosses of words, which include in the document, into a seed document. The latter is also the process of inserting similar words into a seed document. We use a featureless clustering algorithm for getting the similar words. The performance (r-inclusion rate) amounts to almost 100% when the queries are word glosses and r is 16, and to 66.9% when the queries are written in person by users. Through several experiments, we have observed that the document expansions are very useful for the headword finding system. In the future, new measures including the r-inclusion rate of our proposed measure are required for performance evaluation of headword finding systems and new evaluation sets are also needed for objective assessment.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.264-276
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to introduce the methods of soil respiration measurement, to review soil respiration studies conducted in Korea, and to suggest potential issues generated from using various methods for soil respiration measurement. According to the measurement principles, the methods of soil respiration measurements are classified as: alkali absorption method (AA), closed chamber method (CC), closed dynamic chamber method (CDC), and open flow method (OF). Based on the litereaure review on soil respiration studies in Korea, the CDC method was mostly used by the researchers (62%), followed by the AA (17%), OF (13%) and CC (8%) methods. Along with these methods, various instruments were used such as LI-6400-09, EGM-3, EGM-4, and automatic soil respiration chamber. Most of the soil respiration measurements were carried out in forest ecosystems and the reported soil respiration showed a wide range of variations from 130 to 900 mg $CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$. Continuous monitoring of soil respiration with minimal disturbance and the potential inconsistency in measurements are still the challenges facing the researchers, causing a paucity in quality datasets of sufficient quantity. Few attempts of intercomparison among different methods hinder the data users from synthetic analysis and assessment of the collected datasets. In order to better estimate soil carbon budget and understand their exchange mechanisms in key ecosystems of Korea, it is necessary to measure soil respiration at various plant functional types, soils, and climate conditions over a decadal time scale along with the study on the partitioning of soil respiration into autotrophic and heteorotrophic components.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.25-44
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• 2011

KAERI has been operating an integral effect test facility, ATLAS (Advanced Thermal-Hydraulic Test Loop for Accident Simulation), for accident simulations of advanced PWRs. Regarding integral effect tests, a database for major design basis accidents has been accumulated and a Domestic Standard Problem (DSP) exercise using the ATLAS has been proposed and successfully performed. The ATLAS DSP aims at the effective utilization of an integral effect database obtained from the ATLAS, the establishment of a cooperative framework in the domestic nuclear industry, better understanding of thermal hydraulic phenomena, and an investigation of the potential limitations of the existing best-estimate safety analysis codes. For the first ATLAS DSP exercise (DSP-01), integral effect test data for a 100% DVI line break accident of the APR1400 was selected by considering its technical importance and by incorporating comments from participants. Twelve domestic organizations joined in this DSP-01 exercise. Finally, ten of these organizations submitted their calculation results. This ATLAS DSP-01 exercise progressed as an open calculation; the integral effect test data was delivered to the participants prior to the code calculations. The MARS-KS was favored by most participants but the RELAP5/MOD3.3 code was also used by a few participants. This paper presents all the information of the DSP-01 exercise as well as the comparison results between the calculations and the test data. Lessons learned from the first DSP-01 are presented and recommendations for code users as well as for developers are suggested.