• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.719-726
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• 2005

The optimal design was performed for the bridge superstructure composed of steel box girders and concrete deck considering life cycle cost. The service life of the superstructure was estimated, after load carry capacity curves for steel girder and concrete deck were derived on the basis of condition grade curves and maintenance histories. The object function was determined as life cycle cost, including initial cost, total maintenance cost, disposal cost and user cost, for a period of the estimated service life. The optimal design of the superstructure was performed for the various service lifes. The annual costs were used to compare calculated results and to get the most economical design. Also this paper presents reasonable idea for the use of user cost with uncertainty.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2001.12a
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• pp.117-120
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• 2001

In this work, we propose a new method of extracting and weighting representative keywords(RKs) from a few documents that might interest a user. In order to extract RKs, we first extract candidate terms and then choose a number of terms called initial representative keywords (IRKS) from them through fuzzy inference. Then, by expanding and reweighting IRKS using term co-occurrence similarity, the final RKs are obtained. Performance of our approach is heavily influenced by effectiveness of selection method of IRKS so that we choose fuzzy inference because it is more effective in handling the uncertainty inherent in selecting representative keywords of documents. The problem addressed in this paper can be viewed as the one of calculating center of document vectors. So, to show the usefulness of our approach, we compare with two famous methods - Rocchio and Widrow-Hoff - on a number of documents collections. The results show that our approach outperforms the other approaches.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.117-145
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• 1991

IS changeback is regarded as an offective way to control the usage of computers and communication systems which are very much limited resources and whose costs are very high, In this paper, the problem of combining the optimal chargeback system which guarantees the efficiency with the Rawls'(1971) concept of fairness. Primary conclusion of this paper is that if the value function which represents the contributions of IS user to the firm's profit is evidit and there is no uncertainty about this contribution information, optimality can be achived without any loss of fairness using full cost allocation pricing. But if there is no significant differences among contribution of each user and there is no significant differences among users because of the managerial arbitrariness, From this point of view contingent chargeback system with which manager can find the golden middle between optimality and fairness by adjusting the 'efficiency coefficient' according to his/her organizational characterisics and environments is proposed. A heuristic of finding the appropriate efficiency coefficient is also suggested.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.155-158
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• 2024

Multipath, a major error source in urban GNSS positioning (global navigation satellite system), pose a challenge due to its site-dependent nature, varying with the user's signal reception environment. In our previous study, we introduced a technique generating GNSS multipath map in urban canyon. However, due to uncertainty in initial GNSS positions, applying multipath maps required generating multiple candidate positions. In this study, we present an efficient method for applying multipath maps by projecting the multipath correction in position domain. This approach effectively applies multipath maps, addressing the challenges posed by urban user position uncertainties.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.130-137
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• 2010

This paper analyzes the main factors affecting user selection of a small-sum electronic payment system using survey data of 396 users. Several findings emerge. First, users consider three pillars and eight factors in adopting a new system : system features(stability, security, and flexibility), transaction cost(payment commission and settlement period), and financial capability of provider(stability of financial structure, risk management capability, and funding capability). Second, the stability of the financial structure of the system provider is the most important factor to user acceptance of a new e-payment system. Users tend to consider uncertainty risk more seriously than transaction cost. This reflects the reality that electronic payment system service industry has not fully fledged yet. Third, some moderating effects exist according to payment methods and business usages. As for payment methods, speedy settlement cycle for wired/wireless phone payment, system stability for credit card and account transfer payment, and security for advance payment means are crucial factors. As for business usages, the stability of financial structure for online game content, system stability for music and video content, proxy payment commission for e-learning content, flexibility of the payment system for digital adult content, and security for public services are decisive ones.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.147-168
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• 2015

Why people reduce or stop using social network services(SNS), which are regarded as a mean of relationship and communication, unlike the early trend? To explain the phenomenon, this study tries to predict psychological decision making process of users from perspectives of cognitive dissonance theory. From this perspective, this study attempted an integrative approach that reflected 'User's literacy' indicating the ability of individuals to use SNS, and 'negative mass media influence' such as media reports on side effects or the bad experiences of acquaintances, along with the 3 factors used in the SNS Prior research. This study conducted an empirical analysis by surveying 256 facebook users, and the major findings are as follows:- First, Social-overload, complexity, uncertainty and negative media influence are significantly affect dissonance on the use of SNS. Second, Dissonance on the use of SNS significantly affects the behavior that possibly reduces and limits the use of SNS. In other words, the users who have experienced psychological dissonance respond passively by avoiding the use of SNS to resolve the dissonance. Third, the moderating effect of User's literacy wasn't a significant. This study presents a clue to understand psychological decision making process of use of SNS and a guideline for establishing practical strategies. In addition, it is important to note that this study contributes to expansion of theoretical discussion about usage.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.913-921
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• 2017

Mobile electronic commerce is rapidly growing up on the strength of popularization of smart devices such as smart phone followed by internet user increase. Concurrently with this, the anxiety on information security and personal information leakage of the user of mobile electronic commerce significantly built up in recent. In this respect, the information security and personal information protection should be become aware of their importance for the sustainable expansion and development of mobile commerce. Based on the demands as mentioned, this study analyzed the effects of the awareness of personal information security on recognized risk, recognized confidence and intent to use. The result of this study indicates that information security and personal information protection contribute to improvement in confidence by decreasing anxiety and uncertainty related to mobile commerce. Reduction of anxiety and uncertainty implies a crucial point that affects psychological mechanism making intent to use higher.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.781-785
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• 2009

We can constantly gather personal life log from developed mobile device. However, gathered personal life log in mobile environment have a large amount log and uncertainty such as uncertainty of mobile environment, limited capacity and battery of mobile device. Tagging task using a landmark such as a key word should be required to overcome the above problem and to manage personal life log. In this paper, we propose new tagging method and a life log tagging interface using high level context recognizer based on probability. The new tagging method extract high level context such as landmark of life log using recognizer which is modeled from bayesian network and recommend recognized high level context to user using tagging interface. Finally user can directly do tagging task to life log. This task is a special feature in our process. As the result of experiments in task support level which include usability, level of a goal, function and leading, we achieved a feeling of satisfaction of 81%.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.33-62
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• 2009

Internet computing is a disruptive IT innovation. Semantic Web can be considered as an IT innovation because the Semantic Web technology possesses the potential to reduce information overload and enable semantic integration, using capabilities such as semantics and machine-processability. How should organizations adopt the Semantic Web? What factors affect the adoption and diffusion of Semantic Web innovation? Most studies on adoption and diffusion of innovation use empirical analysis as a quantitative research methodology in the post-implementation stage. There is criticism that the positivist requiring theoretical rigor can sacrifice relevance to practice. Rapid advances in technology require studies relevant to practice. In particular, it is realistically impossible to conduct quantitative approach for factors affecting adoption of the Semantic Web because the Semantic Web is in its infancy. However, in an early stage of introduction of the Semantic Web, it is necessary to give a model and some guidelines and for adoption and diffusion of the technology innovation to practitioners and researchers. Thus, the purpose of this study is to present a model of adoption and diffusion of the Semantic Web and to offer propositions as guidelines for successful adoption through a qualitative research method including multiple case studies and in-depth interviews. The researcher conducted interviews with 15 people based on face-to face and 2 interviews by telephone and e-mail to collect data to saturate the categories. Nine interviews including 2 telephone interviews were from nine user organizations adopting the technology innovation and the others were from three supply organizations. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The interviews were recorded on digital voice recorder memory and subsequently transcribed verbatim. 196 pages of transcripts were obtained from about 12 hours interviews. Triangulation of evidence was achieved by examining each organization website and various documents, such as brochures and white papers. The researcher read the transcripts several times and underlined core words, phrases, or sentences. Then, data analysis used the procedure of open coding, in which the researcher forms initial categories of information about the phenomenon being studied by segmenting information. QSR NVivo version 8.0 was used to categorize sentences including similar concepts. 47 categories derived from interview data were grouped into 21 categories from which six factors were named. Five factors affecting adoption of the Semantic Web were identified. The first factor is demand pull including requirements for improving search and integration services of the existing systems and for creating new services. Second, environmental conduciveness, reference models, uncertainty, technology maturity, potential business value, government sponsorship programs, promising prospects for technology demand, complexity and trialability affect the adoption of the Semantic Web from the perspective of technology push. Third, absorptive capacity is an important role of the adoption. Fourth, suppler's competence includes communication with and training for users, and absorptive capacity of supply organization. Fifth, over-expectance which results in the gap between user's expectation level and perceived benefits has a negative impact on the adoption of the Semantic Web. Finally, the factor including critical mass of ontology, budget. visible effects is identified as a determinant affecting routinization and infusion. The researcher suggested a model of adoption and diffusion of the Semantic Web, representing relationships between six factors and adoption/diffusion as dependent variables. Six propositions are derived from the adoption/diffusion model to offer some guidelines to practitioners and a research model to further studies. Proposition 1 : Demand pull has an influence on the adoption of the Semantic Web. Proposition 1-1 : The stronger the degree of requirements for improving existing services, the more successfully the Semantic Web is adopted. Proposition 1-2 : The stronger the degree of requirements for new services, the more successfully the Semantic Web is adopted. Proposition 2 : Technology push has an influence on the adoption of the Semantic Web. Proposition 2-1 : From the perceptive of user organizations, the technology push forces such as environmental conduciveness, reference models, potential business value, and government sponsorship programs have a positive impact on the adoption of the Semantic Web while uncertainty and lower technology maturity have a negative impact on its adoption. Proposition 2-2 : From the perceptive of suppliers, the technology push forces such as environmental conduciveness, reference models, potential business value, government sponsorship programs, and promising prospects for technology demand have a positive impact on the adoption of the Semantic Web while uncertainty, lower technology maturity, complexity and lower trialability have a negative impact on its adoption. Proposition 3 : The absorptive capacities such as organizational formal support systems, officer's or manager's competency analyzing technology characteristics, their passion or willingness, and top management support are positively associated with successful adoption of the Semantic Web innovation from the perceptive of user organizations. Proposition 4 : Supplier's competence has a positive impact on the absorptive capacities of user organizations and technology push forces. Proposition 5 : The greater the gap of expectation between users and suppliers, the later the Semantic Web is adopted. Proposition 6 : The post-adoption activities such as budget allocation, reaching critical mass, and sharing ontology to offer sustainable services are positively associated with successful routinization and infusion of the Semantic Web innovation from the perceptive of user organizations.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.95-115
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• 2012

The e-Book market has rapidly grown as an innovative product which is mixed its traditional and technological characteristics. However, decreasing user resistance to the e-Book is very important to continually keeping up its market growth. Previous studies for user resistance have been studied as a negative barrier for various innovative products with importance of user resistance. Nevertheless, the factors for user' resistance to the e-Book field have not been found out considering both perceived value and switching cost. Especially, both innovative technology and user specifics should be considered when explaining user resistance to adopting e-Books. Thus, the purpose of this study is to understand the process for user resistance to the e-book and find out its antecedents with perceived value and switching cost at the same time. As a result, it appeared that triability, uncertainty and complexity affected perceived value and switching cost. The user-based antecedents like social norm and perceived value increased the effect of self-efficacy. Also, self-efficacy and perceived value decreased user resistance whereas switching cost increase user resistance to the e-Book perspective.