• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.217-230
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to find out problems in obesity management through survey and analysis of the actual conditions from the view of a elementary schools school-nurses and to establish fundamental data for efficient obesity management. The subjects for this study were 313 numbers of elementary school-nurses in Kyung-Sang-Pook-Do. The data were collected through mail questionaries from November 1 to November 30, 1997. The major findings in this survey were as follows: 49.8% of the school-nurses who responded in the survey were in their 30s. The average career was 7.3years. The average service duration in their present school was 2.3 years, 55.6% of them were serving at schools which have less than ten classes total 77.2% of them were serving rural areas, 79.6% of them were serving at schools with fewer than 100 obese students. The total obesity prevalence rate was 11.4%, 13.3% were girls, 9.3% were boys. The measurement of height and weight is performed once a year for all surveyed students (91.7%), but obese students were measured as much five times (51.1%). The rate of obesity management planning was 74.1%, however the rates of evaluation and role assignment were 41. 2%, and 24.3%. 79.6% of the surveyed schools have health education classes for obesity, the rate compared (8.0 periods per year) to the whole of health education (79.1 periods per year) is 10.1%. 99.9% of the schools had counseling rooms for obesity (combined with nursing rooms) but they were used. The roote of individual counseling was 84.3%. The frequency counseling was six times a year for about 15 minutes. Obesity counseling records were kept 93.6% of the time and individual information cards were kept 98.7% of the time. The frequency of parents counseling was 42.8% and the survey shows that the main problem here was insufficient counseling facilities. The frequency of dietary guidance and exercise therapy was 84.3% and the dietary instructor was usually the school nurse at 51.7%. The frequency of obesity student exercise was 1-2 times a week and more-than-10-minutes at a time. They skip rope during the morning self-study class. The number on problem of exercise guidance at 56.2% was students' non-cooperativeness. School-nurses, 87.9%, answered that obesity management at school is necessary and 86.9% mentioned the shortage of obesity related information in present physical exercise books. From the plural responses of executing the obesity management, there are many similar problems: lack of knowledge and non-cooperation in parents at 41.9%, is predominant followed by of knowledge and non-cooperation in the children. The third problem is the lack of funds and facilities.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.501-510
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• 2005

10학년 과학 교과서 지구 단원의 학습 내용에 포함되어 있는 탐구 과제가 제7차 교육 과정의 목표에 따라 제시되었는지를 판단하기 위해 11종 과학 교과서의 기본 과정에 제시되어 있는 탐구 과제의 유형과 기본 탐구 기능, 통합탐구 기능, 탐구 활동의 빈도를 조사하였고, 제시된 탐구 기능과 활동이 적절한지를 분석하였다. 분석한 결과 탐구 과제는 평균 24.0개가 제시되었으나 교과서마다 차이가 있었고 제시하는 유형이 달랐다. 탐구 활동의 빈도는 교과서마다 달랐고 제시된 것보다 더 많이 분석되었으며 통합적인 활동으로 제시되지 않고 하나의 탐구 기능처럼 제시되어 있었다. 또한 교과서에 제시된 통합 탐구 기능은 $77.2\%$로 기본 탐구 기능 $22.8\%$보다 많은 것으로 보였지만, 실제로 기본 탐구기능과 통합 탐구 기능의 분포 비율은 각각 $45.6\%$와 $56.4\%$로 조사되었다. 각 탐구 기능 중에서는 추리$(49.5\%)$와 자료해석$(68.7\%)$이 가장 많이 있었고, 문제 인식, 가설 설정, 일반화 등의 탐구 요소는 제시되고 있지 않았다. 또한 제7차 교육 과정에서 탐구 기능, 탐구 활동에 대한 의미를 제시하고 있지 않기 때문에 교과서마다 본질적 의미와 일치하지 않거나 협소한 의미로 사용되고 있었다. 이는 교육 과정이 탐구, 탐구 기능, 탐구 활동에 대한 의미를 조작적 수준으로 제시하고, 탐구 활동을 구성하기 위한 기준을 마련한 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

• 복식
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.14-28
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• 2012

'Beauty(美)' is pursued by many women. It has been expressed through fashion which has become more various as the society became wealthier. This phenomenon can also be found in the Salon Culture of the 17~18th Centuries and in the way that the free-style socialization without specific purposes began by women. Such 'salon culture' fashions have been reproduced in various methods by contemporary fashion designers as they met the trends or as they became the inspiration and source of ideas and were reinterpreted in various styles. Therefore, it is necessary to compare and analyze the studies and expression methods regarding that style's effects on contemporary fashion at a time when the women's salon culture fashion of the 17~18th Centuries is being naturally combined with or restructured to fit in with contemporary fashion. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze, establish the concept of, and summarize the characteristics of the salon fashion style in order to provide fundamental scholarly information and a direction for the fashion design market by establishing a database on the characteristics of both eras based on the characteristics analysis results of the contemporary fashion style and salon culture era. Moreover, this study is also significant in that it will be a helpful tool for new design development to satisfy consumer needs, and in that the comparison analysis on the salon culture and contemporary fashion characteristics can be a useful tool to understand the fashions of both era. The study methods were, first, through a literature review to study the concepts and background of the salon culture. The second method was to setup a style analysis of a period of 4 years and collect visual data from internet fashion information web sites, such as collection books, to collect and analyze the data. Third, the analysis focused mainly on the results of the categorization of images with 20 fashion experts. Fourth, the details of the salon culture fashion style that are used the most in contemporary fashion were summarized and analyzed. Therefore, the results of this study are as follows The development of the socializing culture during the economically abundant era of the 17~18th Centuries became the stepstool for women to enter a new society and at the same time became the background of the development of the salon and related literature. For the characteristics of the salon culture fashion of the 17~18th Centuries, the changes were more significant in the details of the collars, necklines, sleeves, and robes, rather than in partial silhouette changes. It was found that the same fashion repeats in several-century intervals depending on the era changes; however, it has been reinterpreted newly based on consumer preferences and era situations instead of being reused exactly. Therefore, this study will become scholarly and fundamental data to establish the contemporary understanding of the fashion of the salon culture.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.138-152
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• 1995

The condition of nutrition during infancy will greatly affect infants' physical, emotional growth, especially breast feeding is important in their growth and development, and emotional stability, too. Despite such advantages of breast-feeding, its rate has continued to fall year after year in Korea : the 95% rate in 1960's has fallen to 25.4% in 1990. It is known that such a downfall of breast-feeding rate is associated with various factors. The purpose of the study is to examine mother's and nurses' in nursery perception of the impediment factors of breast-feeding : to compare those between of breast-feeding : to compare those between two groups : to provide fundamental data for developing strategies for increasing breast-feeding. The subjects were 45 new mothers from one hospital and the same number of nurses sampled from 3 university hospitals, in Seoul. The data were collected for 11 days from April 12 to April 23, 1994 and a questionnaire was developed based on the interview with 14 nurses and 10 mothers and the literature reviews. Liker's Five-Point Scale was used as measurement. The Data were analyzed using SPSS / PC and descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA. The results of study are as follows : 1) Most new mothers get the information about breast-feeding from their mothers, books or newspaper, and relatives in rank than professionals(nurses or doctors). 2) The impediment factors the breast-feeding are categorized as mothers, hospital system, medical personnels and social factors. The most frequently mentioned impediment factors from mothers are 'Difficulty by operational wounds'(3.13), 'Lack of will for breast-feeding'(3.47), 'Insufficient rest and sleep'(3.52) and 'Opposition from husband or his family members'(4.77)in rank. On the other hand those factors from nurses are 'Inadequate nipple condition'(2.37), 'Decreasing milk secretion given medicine after operation'(2.63), 'Mothers knowledge deficit by poorly prepared education'(2.79) and 'Mothers abhorance of breast-feeing'(3.87) in rank. 3) As for the hospital system, the highly perceived impediment factors by mothers are 'Seperation of baby from mother after birth'(2.78), 'Lack of space for breast-feeding in the hospital'(2.93), 'Lack of facility for informing the time for breast-feeding'(3.18) and 'Because of babys' preference artificial nipple by being accustomed to it in hospital(3.97), in rank. Meanwhile, those from nurses are "Seperation of baby from mother after birth",(1.92), "Inconsistency between hospital's nursing time and mother's breast secretion time" scretion time(2.97), "Lack of space for breast-feeding in the hospital"(3.39), and "Lack of facility for informing the time for breast-feeding"(3.74) 4) As for the medical personnels, the highestly perceived Impediment factor from mothers in "Lack of professional nurses for breast-feeding"(2.96), and the lowestly perceived one is "Doctors' reluctance"(4.75). Nurses perceived same as mothers, too. 5) As for the social factors, the highestly perceived impediment factor by mothers and nurses is "Inconvience of social activities"(2.83) and the lowestly ones are "The sense of self-sacrifice"(4.22) by mothers, and "The sense of old fashioned"(4.13) by nurses. 6) The difference of the perception of impediment factors between mothers and nurses is statistically significant only in mother factor.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.492-501
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• 2013

본 연구는 일본 학생들이 필수로 이수하는 과목 중 한국문화에 관한 내용이 가장 많이 언급되는 초등학교 6학년 '사회'와 중학교 '지리'교과서를 대상으로 1980년대부터 현재까지 30여 년간의 한국문화에 관한 서술변화를 고찰하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 교과서별 한국문화 콘텐츠를 기본적 요소, 독창적 요소, 시대반영적 요소로 분류하고 각각의 요소를 전통과 현대, 표층과 심층으로 재분류하여 각 유형별 등장양상을 살펴보았다. 일본 교과서에는 한복, 김치, 온돌, 고층아파트, 식사예절과 같은 의 식 주를 비롯하여, 수도 서울의 모습과 같은 표층적 기본적 문화요소가 가장 많이 나타나고 있다. 또한, 시기와 상관없이 항상 등장하고 있는 내용은 한국의 의 식 주 문화와 같은 기본적 문화요소가 대부분이다. 시대반영적 요소인 서울올림픽, 한일월드컵, 한류 등도 해당 시기 교과서에 충실히 서술되고 있다. 한국문화 콘텐츠는 2010년대로 올수록 내용과 범위가 확대되는 현상도 나타나고 있다. 또한 이들 콘텐츠의 표현방법도 최근 교과서로 올수록 보다 구체적인 설명 및 시각자료들이 제시되고 있다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.151-169
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• 2007

The "Tai Su(太素)" which was published by Yang Shang Shan(楊上善) during the Tang(唐) dynasty does not follow complicating hand down procedures allowing it to be preserved in a relatively satisfactory state, and the book is evaluated as a major article in the study of the "Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic(黃帝內經)" in the modern age. The book of "Tai Su explanation of channel diseases(太素 經脈病解)" offers the detailed description of disease symptoms found in the book of "Miraculous Pivot channels(靈樞 經脈)", and Yang Shang Shan(楊上善) provided relatively complete explanations from the perspective of the wane and wax of shadow and sunshine powers(陰陽消長). The present writing was projected to acknowledge the relationship between the books of "Tai Su explanation of channel diseases(太素 經脈病解)" and "Miraculous Pivot channels(靈樞 經脈)" and substantially attempted to understand the original text of the "Tai Su(太素)" by adopting the perspectives of Yang Shang Shan(楊上善) in explaining the disease symptoms as he attempted in the book of "Miraculous Pivot channels(靈樞 經脈)". Total 50 disease symptoms were explained in the book of "Tai Su explanation of channel diseases(太素 經脈病解)", and 33 of them are common to the symptoms described in the book of "Miraculous Pivot channels(靈樞 經脈)" by taking up about 66% of the book. The monthly attachment(月別配屬) of three shadow and three sunshine power(三陰三陽), which is described in the book of "Tai Su explanation of channel diseases(太素 經脈病解)" provides an important clue in understanding the exterior and interior(表裏) relationship, and the crucial perspective lies on the mutual intensity change of shadow and sunshine powers. Therefore, the monthly attachment of three shadow and three sunshine power provided by the present article helps to understand the meaning of the three shadow and three sunshine power along with the time attachment(時間配屬) described in the other chapter of the "Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic(黃帝內經)". In the method of explaining pathogenesis, the explanation was made by understanding the perspective of mutual intensity change of shadow and sunshine powers, and exterior and interior relationship along with the channel Path(經脈流注) have been used simultaneously. In the comment of the main article, Yang Shang Shan(楊上善) stated the channels of hands and feet(手足經脈) as the scope of the three shadow and three sunshine power, but the symptoms and signs are mainly focused on the channels of feet as in the book of "Miraculous Pivot channels(靈樞 經脈)".

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제7권
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• pp.161-197
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• 1994

I hereby have gained the following results by investigation and classification according to the contents of Masterial theses of 1015 volumes and Doctorial theses of 288 volumes, which have collected at their central libriaries, of theses which have published, until 1991, at Oriental Medical College of Kyunghee Univ., Kyungsan Univ., Dongguk Univ. and Taejon Univ. 1. The laboratory theses are more plentiful in number than those of literatural or clinical ones, especially more outstanding trends in the case of doctors. 2. In clinical theses, clinical obserbation was high frequnt in master and accupunture in doctor. 3. In laboratory theses, the usage of pharmacy was more frequnt than that of accupuntures or moxibutions. 4. In laboratory theses, it was more plentiful the case of being taken ill before experiment. 5. In experimental method, the drugs were more used complexed or complexed extract, in the case of accupunture, the methods were more adopted by general accup. and aqureaccupunture. 6. In laboritory theses, theses was abundant of no description of normal, control and laboratory groop. 7. It was the great number wi thin a day in the laboratory terms, the rats were most adopted as the objects of lab., in the number of lab method, doctor's was more plentiful than master's. 8. In literatural theses, there was expressed high frequnt trends of study of china, in era, Chosun dynasty in korea and Jin-Han in china. 9. The theory and books were mainly adopted as objects of theses study in the field of literature. 10. In another theses, there was many investigation of contents and drug and sign of illness were main object of study. 11. Laboratory theses had totally more reference and quotation than those of other theses. According to the above results, the number of laboratory theses are superior than clincal and literature theses, other study or statistical theses. But unfortunately they were not enough the transmission of meaning of theses and contribution of learning, beacuse how to do theses was not uni form and description was not evident. So afterward I think it is needed more careful attention and study in the method of theses works.

• 복식
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• 제1권
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• pp.131-150
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• 1977

The new sense of costume is controlled by silhouette. The sense of the times is sensitively reflected in silhouette. For we can perceive the transition of the times through silhouette it is significant to know what course of changes the western costume, which almost became the international costume today, had been going through. I began with the definition and condition of silhouette in this study of silhouette. I took a general survey of silhouette study-ing various kinds of silhouette and the relation between the material and silhouette. I sought the factors which causec the changes in costume and also studies the process of the changes The process of the costume changes is studied by the order of ancient times, mediaeval times, mordern ages and present days. I selected one representative silhouette of women's costume of each period. The darpery form of the ancient time's costume became the tunic form and the tunic form became the tight tunic form today. From this we can perceive that the Gothic period was the limitation of westrn costume. It means that the ancient times was the period of drapery, the midiaeval times was the period of transition from tunic into tight tunic and the modern ages is the period of development of tight tunic. In Egyptian period thin materials were used for costume which was worn in exposed style. In Greek period the costume had the drapery style. The Roman's magnificent costume resembled the Greek's. The mediaeval costume was formed in Byzantium where the northern Europe style of costume was mixed with the gay oriental costume. The Romanesque and Gothic period followed the Byzantine period completing the midiaeval costume. Tight tunic is developed in modern ages. Italian fashion of tight tunic was the first fashion of the modern ages. Germanic and spanish fashion came after it. As Baroque period opened the French royal costume became magnificent and added Brition fashish to it. With the commencement of the modern ages the royal fashion came to an end. Modernages became peaple's period and the costume was simplified. After the First world wav designers and fashion books appeared with the development of technology. Thus the period of fashion industry came. For the designers in 20th country competed to create new designs, the fashion was changed year by year. The simplicity and practicality are not ignored in design, arid the designers added more atristic sense to dresses.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.588-598
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• 2013

This study was conducted to assess needs of educational mobile application (App) development for nutritional management and information on pregnant women. A total of 105 pregnant women were investigated on general characteristics, dietary habits, health behavior and needs for contents and composition of the application. The mean age of the subjects was 31.9 years and the mean gestation period was 25.4 weeks. The rate of skipping meal was 39.0% and the rate of irregular meal time was 46.6%. The consciousness of the meal as balanced nutrition and health was 19.9%. Eating out at least forth a week was 35.3%. Obtaining information about pregnancy and childbirth were internet (35.3%), hospital or health center (19.9%), books (17.1%), experience (15.2%), mobile (8.6%) and friends or acquaintances (4.8%). If the application is developed, subject replied 'frequently use' (51.4%), 'when needed' (47.6%) respectively. The favour topic in developing application were 'nutrition information of pregnant and fetal' (36.2%), 'weight management, feeding' (33.3%), 'food choice and cooking' (21.9%), 'shopping' (5.7%), 'example of menu' (1.9%), 'effect of smoking, drinking, exercising' (1.0%). The favorite content was 'include sufficient amount about information' (44.8%). Depending on the age and education level, the best age for pregnancy group have significantly higher ability for utilize and information gathering than old age pregnant group. Also the best age for pregnancy group have high demands of design, convenience and various contents in App development. Therefore, mobile application (App) for pregnant women could be widely used as an effective dietary guide.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.72-82
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• 1986

우리나라에는 옛부터 천해간석지에서 김, 굴과 함께 꼬막의 세가지 품종이 양식되어 왔다. 따라서 우리나라 꼬막양식업의 발상여건과 산업적인 추이를 알아보기 위하여 고전의 자료에서 부터 최근의 자료까지를 조사${\cdot}$분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 꼬막의 명칭(호칭)을 조사한 결과 중국에는 9종의 이름이 있으나 저이 대표적인 이름이고, 일본에는 하이가이. 첸미의 두가지 이름이 있으나 하이가이가 대표적인 이름이고, 영명에는 Ark shell. Cockle shell의 두가지 이름이 있으나 모두 유사종에 공통으로 쓰이는 이름이라 애매하고, 우리나라에는 고막, 소합, 안다미조개의 세가지 이름이 전해져 왔으나 개화기 이후에는 고막이라는 통일된 이름으로 불리게 되었으며 현재는 꼬막이라 부르게 되었다. 한때 강요주라는 이름으로 불려지기도 했으나 그것은 가리비에 붙은 이름이고, 두 종류가 모두 껍데기의 표면에 기와지붕과 같은 도랑무늬가 있는 점에서 일부 지식인들이 가리비와 혼동한 이름이다. 또 고막이라는 이름의 발상지는 전라남도의 남해안이고 이름의 발상년대는 1800년대에 들기 이전이다. 2. 우리나라산 꼬막의 산지는 남해안과 서해안의 전역이라 할 수 있으며, 풍파가 잔잔한 내해로서 담수의 영향을 다소 받는 깊은 펄의 고조대 간석지다. 3. 우리국민은 꼬막무리의 이용에 있어서 단순한 식품이라기 보다는 약식의 개념이 강하며 생식하는 경우가 많고, 동의보감에 의하면 살이나 껍데기가 모두 약리적인 효과를 갖는데, 살은 소화를 돕고 장기를 돋구며, 껍데기는 응어리진 핏덩이나 쌓인 담을 제거한다. 4. 우리나라 꼬막양식업의 발상은 19 세기 전반기로 상정되며, 발상지는 전라남도의 남해안이었다. 5. 우리나라 꼬막양식업은 농가나 어가의 부업으로 계승되어 왔는데 6.25동란 정전후부터 정부의 개발정책에 힘입어 생산량이 크게 증가 하였으며, 최근에는 $5,000\fra{M}{T}$이상의 안정된 생산량을 유지해 왔고, 모두 어촌계단위의 협업화 형태로 양식되고있다.