• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 2016

Objective : The purpose of this paper is to report the improved contact dermatitis(CD) treated with the herbal medication based on Shanghanlun disease pattern identification diagnostic system. The level V steroid ointments were no use to the patient 3weeks before the treatment. Methods : In this case, the patient was diagnosed according to 'Disease Pattern Identification Diagnostic System based on Shanghanlun Provisions' and took Mahwang-tang for 36days since the final diagnosis was Taeyang-byung, number 46 provision. The photographs of patient's hands were taken to observe the process of the skin status and the discomfort from CD was measured with DLQI(Dermatologic Life Quality Index) and NRS(Numeric Rating Scale). Results : The DLQI score changed from 24 to 7 and NRS of itching changed form 8 to under 4. Conclusions : This case report shows that the herbal medication through the diagnostic system could be a remedy on CD, dealing with the skin status with no use of the level V steroid ointments. It is needed proving an alternative possibility of Korean Medicine, on other skin diseases, with later studies since there are many reports on the side-effects after some long-term steroid treatments.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.156-168
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• 2013

Objectives Although there have been someone who pointed out declining tendency of pure traditional diagnosis, there are no objective survey results on present state of diagnosis among Korean Medicine Doctors (KMDs). So we did a descriptive survey study to show traditional diagnostic modality usage among them. Materials and methods: 73 samples of responded questionnaire in Busan area were collected and descriptively studied. Results (1) U code (in KCD-6) usage showed low level (28.7%). (2) Diagnostic apparatuses for traditional medicine are rarely used. For example, pulse diagnosis machine was reported to be used only by 9.7 % of KMDs. (3) KMDs still prefer the treatment based on pattern identification and symptomatic therapy rather than treatments based on disease identification of modern biomedicine. Conclusion Overall, the portion of pattern identification is still high among KMDs, some kind of diagnostic methods which support pattern identification showed lack of usage.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 2019

Objectives : In spite of the difficulty of getting Agarwood, the number of species of wild Agarwood is rapidly decreasing by insistent demands. Here, we investigate how various formula of Agarwood is used so that we can make use of them more helpful in clinics today. Methods : Determining the range of 'the Sovereign and Minister' component more than 12.96%" or 'equally used', this study distinguished whether Agarwood is used as 'the Sovereign and Minister' component among 409 Agarwood formulas in "Sheng ji zong lu(聖濟總錄)" and 103 Agarwood formulas in "Donguibogam (東醫寶鑑)". Additionally, we analyzed the component ratio of Agarwood, and also the usage in Deficiency-Excess pattern. Results : Among Agarwood formulas in "Sheng ji zong lu" and "Donguibogam", each percentage of Agarwood formulas which Agarwood comprises 'the Sovereign and Minister' component was 26%(106/406) and 13%(13/99). Analyzing these formulas of "Sheng ji zong lu", 53 formulas were used in Deficiency pattern and other 53 formulas were used in Excess pattern. Also in "Donguibogam", 6 formulas were used in each Deficiency pattern and Excess pattern, and only 1 formula in both of Deficiency and Excess pattern. Conclusions : Showing almost equal ratio of usage in Deficiency-Excess pattern, this study showed that those Agarwood formulas of "Sheng ji zong lu" and "Donguibogam" which Agarwood comprises 'the Sovereign and Minister' component can be used in both Deficiency-Excess pattern evenly.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.367-383
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• 2013

This paper is the sequel to 'A study on research methodology of the quoted verses in Dong-uisusebowon(1)'. In this paper, a more detailed discussion on the Shanghanlun lines quoted in the Dong-uisusebowon were carried out based on the aforementioned conclusion, using tao-ren-cheng-qi-tang(桃仁承氣湯) and di-dang-tang(抵當湯) lines related to the tip disease pattern of the So-eum constitution. First in the case of tao-ren-cheng-qi-tang lines, the treatment instructions tell us to use the formula after treating the tip, only when there are root symptoms left. However, in the Dong-uisusebowon, Lee instructed to use tao-ren-cheng-qi-tang when tip symptoms were present. Also, in the di-dang-tang lines, symptoms related to kuang (狂) and stiffening of the lower abdomen which are main manifestations of xu-xue(蓄血) pattern are modified from the Shanghanlun version. The reason behind the difference in contents between the Dong-uisusebowon and Shanghanlun in the mentioned lines is because the lines were already modified in the Dong-uibogam. Heo Jun modified the tao-ren-cheng-qi-tang lines to maintain coherence with the contents of di-dang-tang used in the xu-xue(蓄血) pattern. Another reason for Heo's modification of the di-dang-tang lines is to correct the incoherence of symptoms listed according to the difference in severity of the two di-dang-tang disease patterns. As we can see, Heo modified these parts in the Dong-uibogam based on logical reasons, which enabled Lee to avoid logical contradiction and suggest the So-eum tip disease pattern naturally, by referencing the lines as quoted in the Dong-uibogam.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.563-582
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop a Phlegm Pattern Questionnaire for Functional Dyspepsia (PPQ-FD) by modifying a previously developed Phlegm Pattern Questionnaire (PPQ) and to verify its reliability and validity. Further objectives were to obtain the optimal cut-off value for the PPQ-FD for standardization and for clinical use. Methods: The PPQ-FD was developed by extracting the major symptoms of the phlegm pattern in functional dyspepsia and by using the Delphi method to administer a requested importance survey to experts. The reliability, validity, and optimal cut-off value of the PPQ-FD were analyzed by enrolling a total of 60 subjects in this study. Thirty patients were diagnosed with both functional dyspepsia and phlegm pattern and thirty patients were diagnosed with only functional dyspepsia. All participants were requested to fill out the PPQ-FD. Results: No statistically significant differences were detected in the two groups for sex distribution, age, or body mass index. Five of the survey questions negatively affected its reliability; therefore, we decided to exclude those five questions on further inspection. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the revised PPQ-FD was 0.853, and clinical validity was verified. Construct validity was analyzed by factor analysis and identified four factors. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between the revised PPQ-FD and other dyspepsia scales, such as the SQDQ, SSQD, VAS, NDI-K, and FD-QoL scales. The VAS had particularly strong positive correlations with the PPQ-FD. Conclusions: The PPQ-FD developed in this study has fundamental reliability and validity for use as a pattern-diagnosis questionnaire. The PPQ-FD can help to diagnose the phlegm pattern in patients with functional dyspepsia.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.579-596
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• 2012

The purpose of the study is to examine the use of medication among adults by comparing the pattern of outpatient prescription drug use with the pattern of long term taking lifestyle drug use. Furthermore, the study investigates factors associated with the use of medication, particularity focusing on socioeconomic factors. Korea Health Panel data of 2008 was used to conduct the study analysis. By performing four different logistic regression models, the study noticed different patterns of the medication use between prescription drugs and lifestyle drugs. More specifically, the study showed that adults with lower education level tend to more frequently receive prescriptions while adults with higher education as well as income level tend to more use lifestyle drugs than their counterparts. Furthermore, other control factors such as age and gender were statistically significant for the use of both prescription and lifestyle drugs in different patterns. The study findings expect that reimbursement structure of drugs may be significantly associated with the different patterns and accordingly the accessability of medicine in particularly vulnerable population. Therefore, these policy factors should be considered in future study to more comprehensively understand about the diverse patterns in the medication use.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.255-260
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• 2019

Oriental Diagnosis System(ODS) is an artificial intelligence program that utilize entered diagnosis knowledge, determine patient's disease and decide right medicine. The purpose of this study is to find a correlation between pattern Identification in Korean medicine and each sasang types(So-Yang, So-Eum and Tae-Eum) by analyzing ODS diagnosis result. Eventually our study secure availability of using ODS program at clinical training or developing diagnosis program. Subject of this study is 32 students participating in Sasang medical practice(12 subjects were So-Yang, 7 subjects were So-Eum, and 13 subjects were Tae-Eum). We analyze subject's clinical practice result reports by using ODS program and obtained result about pattern Identification. We used SPSS statistics 23 in analyzing the differences of the scores of Eight Principle Pattern Identification, Qi-Blood Pattern Identification, Bing-xie Pattern Identification, and Visceral Pattern Identification in each Sasang types (So-Yang, So-Eum, Tae-Eum). In the case of Heat-moisture, Tae-Eum showed higher score than So-Eum, but So-Yang showed no difference from the other two Sasang types(p<0.05). And in the case of Food-accumulation, Tae-Eum and So-Yang showed significantly higher score than So-Eum(p<0.05). It is hard to generalize the result because subject of this study was not enough. However, we explained correlation between pattern Identification in korean medicine and each sasang types based on quantifiable and objective evidence system. Therefore use of ODS program in student clinical practice training help to understand the relationship and correlation between different pattern Identification and will help standardization of clinical practice education.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.33-41
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• 2010

Patterns are symbolic expressions of life style or sentiment of people as a product of culture. Furthermore, it is a type of language that the shape or implication does not change much over time. Patterns shown on the Korean medical containers are related to human life and health that they are not very diverse and splendid but closed used in real life. The medical containers include the alcohol container or tea-ware in broad sense, but under this study, it would be handled only for the Korean medical containers directly used to protect human health and treatment of diseases. They would be the Medicine Mortar and Pestle that is used to grind the herbal medical ingredients, pots that hold the liquid decoction, containers to keep the medical ingredients in general conceptual use for medical purposes. The patterns inscribed are classified in animal pattern, plant pattern or alphabet pattern. Turtle, crane, ginseng, and life patterns have the contemplation to pray for long life without disease or good fortune, while plum pattern, dragon pattern and the like are used in the medical containers used mainly in royal families with the social status and dignity shown. As such, patterns have not only ornament elements but also the symbolic implication to represent long life without illness for human. It provides the basic data of medical wisdom contained in the pattern and willingness of human to protect life from illness. On the basis of such research, it would require ensuing studies to make comparison and analysis with the medical containers with the patterns in the adjacent countries in the days to come.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.367-375
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• 2012

The goal of current study is to make a standard pattern identification for post stroke depression using a delphi method. Finally, ten experts of oriental medicine, especially of stroke or depression, participated in Dephi examination. At the first meeting, experts conducted free discussion and determined to use the previous published questionnaires of Deficiency-Excess identification and Cold-Heat identification. From the second round, experts participated in evaluating and correcting the questionnaire by email. New seven questions were added to the questionnaire of Deficiency-Excess identification through the second round. Finally, the standard pattern identification of Cold-Heat or Deficiency-Excess is composed 20 questions and 11 questions, respectively. These pattern identifications for post stroke depression will contribute to research and treatment of oriental medicine.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.790-795
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• 2010

Sasang Constitution Medicine(SCM)'s researches have been developed in many ways, especially Herbal medicine prescriptions and diagnosis. But there are no acceptable acupuncture theory for the Sasang Constitution. So We have tried to find the way for identifying each Sasang Constitution's acupuncture point on more reasonable methods. We studied that SCM acupuncture based on collecting Books of "Shanghanlun(傷寒論)", or Six-meridian pattern identification's acupuncture prescription. Selected books are "The Acupuncture and Moxibustion(침구학)", "Zhonghua Zhenjiuxue(中華鍼灸學)", "Zhenjiuxinchuan(鍼灸心傳)", "Shanghanlun Zhenjiupeixuexuanzhu(傷寒論鍼灸配穴選注)". So-eumin uses Conception Vessel's acupuncture points most frequently. And So-yangin and Tae-eumin use Bladder meridian and Stomach meridian's acupuncture points most. Moxibustion is used many times for So-eumin, especially at three Yin-Symptoms(三陰病). Orders for using frequencies of three Sasang constitutions' acupuncture points are: So-eumin uses ST36 CV12 CV4 most, So-yangin uses PC6 ST36 LI4 most, Tae-eumin uses ST36 LU7 CV12 most. Acupuncture for Sasang constitutions has been developed for many ways, but there are no generally acceptable theory. So we need to hold a committee for SCM and acupuncture specialist to establish acceptable and reasonable SCM acupuncture theory.