• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2015

Since the consumption of the livestock products increased for the past 10 years in Korea, the water use for live animals has become more important in terms of water savings. Therefore, the index connecting water use and livestock products consumption should be required for sustainable water management, and water footprint concept could be suggested as the index. The aim of this study is to estimate the water footprint for livestock products; beef cattle, swine, and broiler chicken. The water footprint for livestock products is divided into direct and indirect water. The direct water includes the drinking and servicing water, and the indirect water includes the water for the cultivation of feed crops. The water footprint of beef cattle was calculated to $17,023.1m^3/ton$, and direct water was $91.2m^3/ton$, and indirect water was $16,931.9m^3/ton$. The water footprint of swine was calculated to $4,235.8m^3/ton$, and direct water was $129.7m^3/ton$, and indirect water was $4,106.0m^3/ton$. The water footprint of broiler chicken was calculated to $2,427.7m^3/ton$, and direct water was $7.6m^3/ton$, and indirect water was $2,420.1m^3/ton$. Also, we compared the water footprint to water demand of water vision 2020 which is the main report for national water management. The water vision 2020 reported only direct water for live animal, but the water footprint includes the direct and indirect water. Therefore, the water footprint could be applied to various fields relating water and food.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2018

In this study, annual site and primary energy use intensities (EUIs) and $CO_2$ emission intensities (CEIs) per area by end use were estimated based on the measurement data from June 2016 to May 2017 of 19 sample office buildings in Seoul. In addition, the estimated site EUIs by end use were compared to the U.S. Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) 2012 data. Average site EUIs by end use were found to be in the order of electric appliance (typical floors) > heating > cooling > lighting > air movement > domestic hot water > vertical transportation > city water supply. In the case of primary EUIs and CEIs by end use, electric appliance was found to be the largest. As results of comparison with the CBECS 2012 data, it was found that the site EUIs were similar for heating, cooling, domestic hot water, and electric appliance, etc., but slightly different for lighting and air movement. The number of sample office buildings will continue to increase until 2020 (total number of samples 85) and intensities data by end use will be continuously updated through continuous collection of measurement data.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.344-347
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• 2005

The purpose of the study for the development of the technologies of water quality monitoring and contamination protection at water resource aquifer is to secure the groundwater as potable water resources. The results of water analysis as a basis of potable water criteria showed that 30 groundwater samples among 138 samples of small water supply system (21.7%) were exceeded the water criteria. The concentrations of Cl, $NO_3$ and Na for granite area are higher than those of gneiss and metasedimentary rocks of Ogcheon belt area and they are caused by the high vulnerability of groundwater at granite region where the residential area and cultivated land are concentrated. The spatial distribution of components indicated the close relationships between water quality and geology, land use, and topography. The multivariate statistical results showed that the water samples are divided into three groups by geology.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2009

90년대 이후 용수관리 정책이 공급중심에서 수요관리로 정책 전환이 되면서 공업용수 수요량이 급격히 감소하였다. 본 연구에서는 공업용수 사용의 기술적 효율성을 분석하여 이러한 공업용수 수요량 감소가 공업용수의 사용이 효율적으로 이루어진 결과인지 검토하고 향후 공업용수의 기술적 효율성 제고를 통하여 공업용수 사용량을 더 줄일 수 있는지 검토하였다. 본 연구결과에 의하면 공업용수의 기술적 효율성은 1998년도 0.5183에서 2003년도에는 0.4853으로 도리어 약간 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 다른 투입요소의 기술적 효율성에 비하여 낮은 수치로 앞으로 기술적 효율성 제고를 통하여 공업용수 사용량을 더 절감할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.377-385
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• 1996

This study aims at the estimation of a river management flow in urban basin analyzing Sinchun basin to be the tributary of Kumho river basin. The river management flow has to satisfy a low flow as natural flow and an environmental preservation flow estimated by a dilution flow to satisfy a target water quality in drought flow. Therefore for the estimation of a river management flow in Sinchun in this study, first Tank model as a basin runoff model estimates a low flow, a drought flow from a flow duration curve in Sinchun, second QUAL2E model as water quality model simulates water quality in Sinchun and estimates environmental preservation flow to satisfy a target water qua%its, BOD 8 mg/l by a dilution flow derived from Kumho river, Nakdong river and around water. And the river management flow is estimated by addition of a use flow and a loss flow to more flow between a low-flow and an environmental preservation flow.

• 산업공학
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.209-218
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• 1998

This paper is concerned with the assessment of benefits from water quality improvements. The contingent valuation method (CVM) is employed to directly measure the value of the project for the improvement of the water pollution in the Kumgang area. The perceived value of the improved water quality is investigated by using questionnaires to those concerned living near water-polluted area. The questionnaire includes such questions as the amount to willingly pay, the motivation to pay, the reasons of rejecting the payment, and some socio-economic data. The results of the survey show that (1) non-use value of the environmental goods is perceived to be more important than use-value of the environmental goods; (2) "willingness to pay" for the improved water quality varies according to the degree of educational level. income level and ages; (3) the resistance to pay for the project comes from the "polluter's pay principle".

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.41-45
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• 1981

This study is to be surveyed the rural environmental conditions such as housing, water works, sewerage, road and farm road, land utilization, natural conservation and sightseeing, public damage and disaster, and rural water requirement through the 50 villages (10995 home unit) The brief results summarized in this study are as follows. 1.Modernization of rural housing, toilet room and arrangement of dust materials are getting better than before l0yrs. 2.Water works are highly improved but sewerage problem is still in the serious problems. 3.Rood achievement is quite good but farm road is in still insufficiency 4.Utilization of land resources should be maximaized but land conservation is still insufficient condition and farm land is getting polluted. 5.Natural environmental conservation is much more improved but landscape is still insufficient. 6.Public damages such as water pollution, air pollution, and others are getting greater and greater but meteorological damage should be decreased. 7.Watershed condition is getting better and better but because of the large requiriment of the water use for the crops, agricultural water use should be needed much more than before l0yrs.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.2310-2312
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• 2004

In Korea Electric Power Corporation (or KEPCO), several Demand-Side Management (or DSM) program have been carried out to effectively meet electric power demand at least costs by modifying customers electricity use patterns. As one of them, KEPCO applies low-priced night thermal-storage power service for heat appliances to facilitate efficient use of power facilities by shifting relatively high daytime demands to night hours to build loads during the off-peak periods. In the market of heat-storage type water-heater, electric water-heater has been mostly used, but it has low energy efficiency and needs high capacity electric equipments. So in order to replace these electric water heaters, 15 HP air-source heat pump water heater is developed in Korea Electric Research Institute (or KEPRI). This paper shows that measurement system for performance testing of heat pump water heater is established and heating capacity and performance is analyzed and measured for out-door environmental change.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제38권1호통권368호
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• pp.86-93
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• 2000

Water fluoridation in conjunstion with wide use of fluoride dentifrices has been a major factor responsible for the decline in dental caries during the second half of the 20th century throughout the world. The history of water of water fluoridation is a classic public health program leading to epidemiologic investigation and community-based public health dentistry program. Although other fluoride-containing products are available, water fluoridation remains as the most safe and cost-effective method of delivering fluoride to omost communities. regardless of age. educational attainment. or income levels,. This review deals with pros and cons of water fluoridation and prospective analysis of state-of-the-art on issues related to the use of fluoride. An "optimal" fluoride concentration of 0.7-1.2 ppm has been recommended for preventing dental caries with a minimal dental fluorosis and no systemic health consequences.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2010

In a large area magnetron sputtering system, which is under the influence of high heat load from the plasma, it is necessary to use the effective water cooling in order to maintain the proper deposition performance and the economic use of target materials. A series of three-dimensional numerical simulations are carried out on the simplified model of the large area magnetron sputtering system with the cooling plate that includes the U-shaped water channel. The analysis is focused on the effects of water channel geometry, cooling water flowrate, thermal conductivity of target material, and the degree of target erosion on the cooling performance of cooling plate, which is represented by the temperature distribution of target material.