• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.295-303
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• 2022

This study investigates the impact of globalization, coal consumption, and economic growth on CO₂ emissions in Malaysia by applying the Kuznets Environmental Curve model. The study employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lag modeling technique on time series data over the period of 1970-2018 to determine the short and long-run relationship between CO₂ emissions and a number of variables, including globalization, coal consumption, and economic growth. The results show that globalization increase CO₂ emissions in both the short and long run in Malaysia. Furthermore, the results reveal that economic growth and coal consumption degrade the environmental quality by accelerating the CO₂ emissions in the short-run and long run. As a result, the findings validate the Kuznets Environmental Curve hypothesis of an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and CO₂ emissions in the long run for Malaysia. The findings of this study suggest that higher globalization levels and usage of coal consumption degrade the environmental quality in Malaysia. The findings also indicate the effect of economic growth on environmental degradation is positive at the initial stage but improves after the economy achieves a threshold level of income per capita in the economic development process with an inverted U-shaped pattern in the long run.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.253-269
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is modeling a user-friendly Korean-Japanese thesaurus for internet circumstances. The methodology had two steps: first, the problems were analyzed when multilingual thesaurus is constructed, with review of various multilingual thesauri and interview with multilingual thesaurus constructor in Korea and Japan. Second, collaborative tags were analyzed to differentiate cultural/linguistic background from word usage pattern. As a result, searching thesaurus model was suggested and applied to develop a user-friendly Korean-Japanese thesaurus.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.1412-1419
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• 2023

Retroviral integration into ancient vertebrate genomes left traces that can shed light on the early history of viruses. In this study, we explored the early evolution of retroviruses by isolating nine Spuma endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) and one Epsilon ERV from the genomes of Agnatha and Chondrichthyes. Phylogenetic analysis of protein sequences revealed a striking pattern of co-evolution between jawless fish ERV and their host, while shark ERV underwent ancient cross-class viral transmission with jawless fish, ray-finned fish, and amphibians. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that jawless fish ERV emerged in the Palaeozoic period, relatively later than ray-finned fish ERV. Moreover, codon analysis suggested that the jawless fish ERV employed an infection strategy that mimics the host codon. The genealogical diversity of ERVs in the jawless fish genome highlights the importance of studying different viral species. Overall, our findings provide valuable insights into the evolution of retroviruses and their interactions with their hosts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2010

Sounding data is the essential source for the safety of ships navigation system, and fundamental to the reasonable usage and maintenance of the ocean as well. As IT tech, positioning equipment such as GPS and INS, echo sounder are developed, recently, the precise submarine topography database bas been built by Multi-Beam Echo Sounder. However, MBES data includes some inevitable error caused by several factor, and some data have errors where the terrain is wobble. The error, which causes the $moir\acute{e}$ pattern error is the main factor hindering the accuracy of MBES data results, and therefore it is necessary to figure out the main cause of the error for the improvement of the accuracy by removing error data. On this research, the main cause of the error data is studied by analyzing motion sensor value of data including the $moir\acute{e}$ pattern error. Thus, as the result of examination, it turns out that the $moir\acute{e}$ pattern error is related to the standard deviation of Roll, and error data values are results of the non-correspondence between Swath data and Roll values caused by the drastic change of Roll values. Accordingly, the error data is removed by comparing between the gradient of Swath data and Roll values. Finally, as the result of removing error data, it is expected to be able to estimate the quality of MBES using the standard deviation of Motion sensor's Roll value, and calculate the additive error factor, which minimize non-corresponding data, and also this research must be contributed to improve the accuracy of sounding for small vessels with lots of motion in the bad circumstance for navigation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.35S no.12
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• pp.17-26
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• 1998

Ultrasonic sensors are widely used in various applications due to advantages of low cost, simplicity in construction, mechanical robustness, and little environmental restriction in usage. But for the application of object recognition, ultrasonic sensors exhibit several shortcomings of poor directionality which results in low spatial resolution of objects, and specularity which gives frequent erroneous range readings. The time-of-flight(TOF) method generally used for distance measurement can not distinguish small object patterns of plane, corner or edge. To resolve the problem, an increased number of the sensors in the forms of a linear array or 2-dimensional array of the sensors has been used. Also better resolution has been obtained by shifting the array in several steps using mechanical actuators. Also simple patterns are classified based on analyzing signal reflections. In this paper we propose a method of a sensor array system with improved capability in pattern distinction using electronic circuits accompanying the sensor array, and intelligent algorithm based on neuro-fuzzy processing of data fusion. The circuit changes transmitter output voltages of array elements in several steps. A set of different return signals from neighborhood sensors is manipulated to provide enhanced pattern recognition in the aspects of inclination angle, size and shift as well as distance of objects. The results show improved resolution of the measurements for smaller targets.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.216-224
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of fissurotomy and double application time of acidic primer of self-etching adhesive system of acid treatment on enamel surfaces for prevention of microleakage of pit and fissure sealants. The microleakage of pit and fissure sealants was evaluated by measuring the penetration depth of methylene blue solution. Specimens were divided by 4 groups according to the method of treatment. Group I: 35% phosphoric acid etching, 20 seconds. Group II: Priming with self-etching primer, 20 seconds. Group III: Priming with self-etching primer, 40 seconds. Group IV: Priming with self-etching primer, 20 seconds, after fissurotomy. The etched pattern produced on enamel was observed using a scanning electron microscope. Obtained data were analysed statistically using Kruscal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney test for comparison of groups. The results are as follows: 1. Microleakage scores of group IV priming with self-etching primer 20 seconds after fissurotomy was the lowest. 2. Microleakage scores between group II and group III were not shown significant difference. 3. Enamel for 20 seconds etching with 35% phosphoric acid was observed the most effective etching pattern. And the etching pattern on the fissure enamel with self-etching adhesive 20 seconds after fissurotomy was more prominent than group II, III only using self-etching primer.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.65-78
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• 2009

The most commonly adopted approach to find valuable information from tree data is to extract frequently occurring subtree patterns from them. Because mining frequent tree patterns has a wide range of applications such as xml mining, web usage mining, bioinformatics, and network multicast routing, many algorithms have been recently proposed to find the patterns. However, existing tree mining algorithms suffer from several serious pitfalls in finding frequent tree patterns from massive tree datasets. Some of the major problems are due to (1) modeling data as hierarchical tree structure, (2) the computationally high cost of the candidate maintenance, (3) the repetitious input dataset scans, and (4) the high memory dependency. These problems stem from that most of these algorithms are based on the well-known apriori algorithm and have used anti-monotone property for candidate generation and frequency counting in their algorithms. To solve the problems, we base a pattern-growth approach rather than the apriori approach, and choose to extract maximal frequent subtree patterns instead of frequent subtree patterns. The proposed method not only gets rid of the process for infrequent subtrees pruning, but also totally eliminates the problem of generating candidate subtrees. Hence, it significantly improves the whole mining process.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.19-29
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• 2011

Due to the development of web technologies and the increasing use of smart devices such as smart phone, in recent various web services are widely used in many application fields. In this environment, the topic of supporting personalized and intelligent web services have been actively researched, and an analysis technique on a web-click stream generated from web usage logs is one of the essential techniques related to the topic. In this paper, for efficient analyzing a web-click stream of sequences, a sequential pattern mining technique is proposed, which satisfies the basic requirements for data stream processing and finds a refined mining result. For this purpose, a concept of interesting sequential patterns with a time-interval constraint is defined, which uses not on1y the order of items in a sequential pattern but also their generation times. In addition, A mining method to find the interesting sequential patterns efficiently over a data stream such as a web-click stream is proposed. The proposed method can be effectively used to various computing application fields such as E-commerce, bio-informatics, and USN environments, which generate data as a form of data streams.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.275-281
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• 2016

In modern society, which boomed it became easier to obtain the necessary information to the emergence of a variety of smart devices. Due to this, the frequency of using the content based on the Web is growing rapidly. In addition, companies are turning into a production and modify the content using the CMS under the web-based. It can be a very important part to provide users with the content. Currently web services are designing a UI to the device and provided. To improve the ease of use, they are enhancing services only by survey and analysis of the patterns of all users. Most are designed without considering the UX only in the technical aspects. In this paper, to break the limits that apply to all users of the Web service pattern analysis, we propose a visualization system via the animation based on the individual user's movement patterns and usage patterns. Through this convergence is expected to be able to transform the web from the central manager to the user UX and the planning aspects researchers.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2017

With the advance of Internet Technology, various social network services are created and used by users. Especially, the use of smart devices makes that multimedia contents can be used and distributed on social network services. However, since the crime rate also is increased by users with illegal purposes, there are needs to protect contents and block illegal usage of contents with multimedia forensics. In this paper, we propose a multimedia forensic technique which is identifying the video source. First, the scheme to acquire the sensor pattern noise (SPN) using morphology filtering is presented, which comes from the imperfection of photon detector. Using this scheme, the SPN of reference videos from the reference device is estimated and the SPN of an unknown video is estimated. Then, the similarity between two SPNs is measured to identify whether the unknown video is acquired using the reference device. For the performance analysis of the proposed technique, 30 devices including DSLR camera, compact camera, camcorder, action cam and smart phone are tested and quantitatively analyzed. Based on the results, the proposed technique can achieve the 96% accuracy in identification.